### Raccoon Roundworm: An Unseen Danger and How to Safeguard Yourself
Raccoons may be viewed as adorable, playful animals, but they can also harbor a perilous parasite that presents a significant health threat to humans. Recently, the Los Angeles County health department documented two instances of human infection linked to a parasitic roundworm known as *Baylisascaris procyonis*, or raccoon roundworm. Although such infections are uncommon, their ramifications can be serious, potentially lethal, underscoring the importance of awareness regarding risks and prevention strategies.
#### What is *Baylisascaris procyonis*?
*Baylisascaris procyonis* is a parasitic roundworm that predominantly affects raccoons. These adult worms reside in the intestines of raccoons, generating eggs that are expelled in their feces. A single female worm can produce as many as 200,000 eggs each day, leading to environmental contamination. These eggs are incredibly durable, capable of surviving for years in soil, wood, or other substrates, and can endure most chemical treatments, including bleach.
People can become infected by unintentionally ingesting soil or materials tainted with raccoon feces harboring the parasite’s eggs. Once ingested, the eggs hatch into larvae, which can travel to different organs, such as the eyes, liver, and brain. This can result in a disease called *baylisascariasis*, which may inflict severe neurological damage, blindness, paralysis, and even death.
#### Who is at Risk?
Infections are uncommon—only 29 recorded instances took place from 1973 to 2015—yet certain demographics are more at risk. Young children, especially those who play outdoors and might place contaminated objects in their mouths, face an elevated danger. Individuals with developmental disabilities are likewise more vulnerable due to their tendency to engage in behaviors like mouthing potentially contaminated items.
A heartbreaking case involved an 18-month-old boy with Down syndrome in Illinois who died after biting on pieces of firewood tainted with raccoon feces. An autopsy indicated that his brain tissue was severely affected by parasitic larvae, emphasizing the tragic consequences of this infection.
#### The Symptoms and Consequences
The symptoms connected to *baylisascariasis* can fluctuate based on the larvae’s migration within the body. Common manifestations include:
– **Neurological problems**: Seizures, loss of coordination, paralysis, and cognitive difficulties.
– **Vision issues**: Blindness or blurred eyesight if the larvae settle in the eyes.
– **Organ damage**: Infections can impact the liver, heart, and additional organs.
Regrettably, once symptoms manifest, the outlook is often grim. Those who survive may endure lasting neurological impairment, including brain atrophy, cognitive challenges, and motor dysfunction.
#### Prevention: How to Safeguard Yourself
The positive news is that *baylisascariasis* can be avoided. The primary strategy is to minimize contact with raccoon feces and to take actions to eliminate potential contamination sources around your home.
##### 1. **Identify and Remove Raccoon Latrines**
Raccoons typically defecate in communal areas referred to as latrines, often found at the base of trees, on woodpiles, decks, patios, or even in attics and garages. These latrines serve as a major contamination source, housing substantial quantities of parasite eggs.
If you suspect a raccoon latrine on your property, it’s vital to clean it up safely. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest the following procedures:
– **Outdoor latrines**: Employ extreme heat to eradicate the eggs. Boiling water or a propane torch can be effective. The CDC explicitly advises against chemical treatments, as they are usually ineffective against the hardy eggs. If opting for fire, ensure careful handling. The CDC cautions that using a flamethrower or propane torch may result in fire hazards, burn injuries, or property damage. Always consult your local fire department before attempting this method.
– **Indoor latrines**: For indoor locations, fire is not a viable method. Instead, carefully remove the feces using gloves and dispose of it in sealed plastic bags. Clean the area with hot, soapy water to mitigate contamination. If feasible, any removed feces or contaminated materials can be incinerated outside or buried.
##### 2. **Prevent Raccoons from Entering Your Property**
To minimize the chances of raccoons using your property as a latrine, take the following preventive steps:
– **Secure trash bins**: Raccoons are infamous for rummaging through garbage. Implement raccoon-proof trash cans with securely fitting lids.
– **Seal entry points**: Ensure that attics, garages, and other possible nesting sites are properly sealed to deter raccoons from entering.
