AllYouCanTech

UK Initiates Inquiry into Mobile Platform Conduct of Google and Apple

### UK Competition Watchdog Initiates Probe into Mobile Platforms of Apple and Google

The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) in the UK has unveiled a fresh investigation into the mobile platforms run by Apple and Google. This announcement follows the recent dismissal of the CMA’s chair, Marcus Bokkerink, hinting at a possible change in regulatory focus. The inquiry will assess the competitive practices of these two technology leaders, their treatment of developers, and the management of their ecosystems, raising concerns about equity and innovation within the mobile tech landscape.

#### **Investigation Objectives**

The CMA’s examination will center on Apple’s iOS and Google’s Android operating systems, which hold a dominant position in the global smartphone marketplace. More specifically, the investigation will delve into:

1. **Competitive Dynamics Between Apple and Google**: The CMA aims to determine if genuine competition exists between these corporations or if their dominance creates obstacles for other market participants.

2. **Biased Treatment of Proprietary Apps and Services**: The regulator will look into whether Apple and Google extend preferential status to their own applications and services, potentially undermining third-party developers.

3. **Equitable Treatment of Developers**: The CMA will analyze if app developers receive fair treatment on Apple’s App Store and Google’s Play Store, especially concerning fees, regulations, and access to platform capabilities.

Sarah Cardell, the CMA’s chief executive, highlighted the broader significance of the inquiry, stating, “More competitive mobile ecosystems could stimulate new innovations and opportunities across various services utilized by millions, including app stores, browsers, or operating systems. Improved competition could also enhance growth in the UK, allowing businesses to provide new and innovative products and services on Apple’s and Google’s platforms.”

#### **A New Chapter in Digital Regulation**

This investigation represents the second case initiated under the **Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act** that the UK has recently enacted. The new legislation empowers the CMA to identify certain companies as possessing “strategic market status,” thereby imposing stricter operational guidelines. Companies found non-compliant with these regulations could incur fines up to 10% of their worldwide revenue.

The CMA’s initial case under this framework, which commenced last week, focuses on Google’s dominance in search and advertising. This adds to current investigations into mobile web browsers and cloud gaming, where the CMA has preliminarily concluded that Apple and Google are “hindering competition.”

#### **Responses from the Industry**

Both Apple and Google have issued statements in response to the CMA’s announcement, defending their platforms and underscoring their impact on the UK economy.

– **Google**: Oliver Bethell, Google’s senior director of competition, pointed out Android’s open-source nature, stating, “Android’s openness has contributed to broadening choice, lowering prices, and democratizing access to smartphones and applications. We support an approach that protects choice and opportunities for UK consumers and businesses without jeopardizing UK growth prospects.”

– **Apple**: The company reaffirmed its dedication to innovation and competition, declaring, “Apple is committed to vibrant and dynamic markets where innovation can thrive. We encounter competition in every sector and jurisdiction we operate, and our priority remains the trust of our users.” Apple also emphasized that its app platform sustains hundreds of thousands of jobs within the UK.

#### **Global Consequences**

The CMA’s investigation contributes to the mounting international scrutiny surrounding Apple and Google. Both corporations have confronted regulatory hurdles globally, particularly in the European Union under the **Digital Markets Act (DMA)**. For example, Apple has been accused by the European Commission of not adhering to the DMA’s “online gatekeeper” stipulations, leading to adjustments in its platform.

If designated with “strategic market status” in the UK, Apple and Google could undergo substantial operational adjustments and face monetary penalties for non-adherence. This designation would extend for five years, ensuring enduring oversight.

#### **What’s at Risk?**

The conclusion of the CMA’s inquiry could significantly impact the mobile technology sector. A determination of anti-competitive conduct could result in:

– **Heightened Regulation**: Tighter regulations on the operation of Apple and Google’s platforms, possibly requiring them to open their ecosystems to third-party app stores or payment methods.

– **Boosted Competition**: A chance for smaller developers and competitors to establish themselves in the marketplace.

– **Economic Consequences**: Potential enhancements to innovation and growth within the UK’s technology industry, along with changes in how consumers interact with mobile applications and services.

#### **Final Thoughts**

The CMA’s investigation into Apple and Google signifies a crucial turning point in the regulation of digital markets. As the UK endeavors to balance encouraging innovation with ensuring fair competition, the outcome of this inquiry is likely to establish a standard for future regulations pertaining to tech giants. With global focus on the matter, the implications are significant—not just for Apple and Google, but for the wider community of developers, businesses, and consumers who depend on their platforms.

“Cadillac Improves the Lyriq with Design Enhancements Inspired by Race Cars”

### Cadillac Lyriq-V: Ushering in a New Era of Electric Performance

Launched in 2023 as General Motors’ leading electric vehicle (EV), the Cadillac Lyriq has already made a significant impact in the automotive sector. Now, Cadillac is elevating its electric SUV with the debut of the **Lyriq-V**, the inaugural electric vehicle to bear the prestigious V-Series badge of the brand. Featuring 615 horsepower, Le Mans-inspired audio experiences, and numerous performance enhancements, the Lyriq-V aims to transform the benchmarks for luxury EVs.

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### **The V-Series Heritage Meets the Electric Age**

Cadillac’s V-Series has been a hallmark of high-performance engineering for years, fusing luxury with speed in a manner few competitors can match. The Lyriq-V carries this legacy forward while integrating modern updates tailored for the electric landscape.

“V-Series embodies Cadillac’s spirit, reflecting our ceaseless quest for engineering excellence within our racing and production lineups,” commented John Roth, vice president of Global Cadillac. “LYRIQ-V elevates this devotion in the EV landscape, enhancing our V-Series performance legacy with an exhilarating, personalized, and technologically advanced driving experience that seamlessly fits into our customers’ lifestyles.”

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### **Power and Performance**

At the core of the Lyriq-V is a dual-motor configuration that unleashes an astonishing **615 horsepower (459 kW)** and **650 lb-ft (880 Nm)** of torque. This nearly doubles the output of the single-motor Lyriq that debuted in 2023. While powered by the same **102 kWh battery pack** as the standard Lyriq, the performance tuning significantly enhances the driving experience.

The Lyriq-V showcases an impressive **0–60 mph time of just 3.3 seconds** when launch control is activated in its exclusive “V-Mode.” This setting not only optimizes acceleration but also boosts the vehicle’s responsiveness with a series of traction management features designed for spirited driving. For enthusiasts eager to navigate twisting roads, the Lyriq-V includes “Competitive Mode,” which further refines handling characteristics.

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### **Range and Efficiency**

In spite of its performance orientation, the Lyriq-V offers a commendable **EPA-estimated range of 285 miles (459 km)**. Although this falls short of the 307-mile range of the standard all-wheel-drive Lyriq, the difference is mainly attributed to the Lyriq-V’s **22-inch wheels**, which emphasize performance over efficiency. Cadillac has managed to strike a balance by ensuring the Lyriq-V remains a practical option for daily commutes as well as extended journeys.

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### **Design and Features**

The Lyriq-V is not solely about performance; it also incorporates an array of design and feature enhancements that distinguish it from its counterparts:

– **Sporty Aesthetics:** Unique design features of the Lyriq-V include a more aggressive front bumper, side skirts, and various aerodynamic upgrades.
– **Superior Braking:** Enhanced Brembo front brakes guarantee that the Lyriq-V can confidently manage its heightened performance.
– **Le Mans-Inspired Audio:** A 23-speaker Dolby Atmos sound system creates an engaging powertrain soundtrack influenced by Cadillac’s V-Series.R sports prototype, amplifying the driving experience.
– **Innovative Seating:** The front seats have been re-engineered with improved side bolstering to secure drivers and passengers during dynamic driving.

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### **Technology and Convenience**

Equipped with state-of-the-art technology, the Lyriq-V features **Super Cruise**, Cadillac’s sophisticated hands-free driving system. In contrast to some of GM’s recent EVs, the Lyriq-V keeps **Apple CarPlay** compatibility, ensuring effortless smartphone integration—a feature still highly sought after by many luxury EV consumers.

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### **Pricing and Availability**

Production of the Lyriq-V is scheduled to commence soon at GM’s Spring Hill plant in Tennessee. The base price is **$79,990**, inclusive of the destination charge. While this positions the Lyriq-V within the premium market, its exceptional blend of performance, luxury, and technological prowess renders it an enticing option for those in search of an electric SUV that delivers excitement without compromise.

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### **A Preview of Cadillac’s Electric Future**

The Lyriq-V signifies more than just a high-performance version of Cadillac’s electric SUV—it represents the brand’s dedication to expanding the horizons of what EVs can deliver. By fusing the performance legacy of the V-Series with the innovative technology of its electric platform, Cadillac has produced a vehicle that resonates with both driving aficionados and technology-oriented luxury consumers.

As the automotive sector progresses toward electrification, the Lyriq-V stands as a testament to the idea that performance and sustainability can harmoniously coexist. Merging power, elegance, and ingenuity, the Lyriq-V transcends being just a car—it embodies a vision for the future of Cadillac and

Formula E to Launch 600 kW Ultra-Rapid Charging Pit Stops

### Formula E Unveils Mid-Race Recharging: A Fresh Chapter in Strategy and Innovation

Following years of waiting and technological enhancements, Formula E is primed to reinstate mid-race pit stops—now with an exciting new angle. The era of car exchanges, which defined the series’ formative years, is over. The 2025 season will unveil “pit boost,” a 30-second pit stop employing state-of-the-art 600 kW fast chargers to rejuvenate electric race cars during the race. This advancement signifies a major landmark for the all-electric racing league, merging high-speed rivalry with sophisticated EV technology.

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### **The Transformation of Formula E: From Vehicle Exchanges to Pit Boost**

Entering its 11th season, Formula E has transformed considerably since its launch. Initially, drivers needed to change cars mid-race because of restricted battery capacity. Although this practice ceased with the arrival of second-generation cars capable of finishing a full race on a single charge, the series has relentlessly pursued advancements in electric vehicle (EV) technology.

The newly introduced “pit boost” functionality is a key development in this progression. During a compulsory 30-second pit stop, vehicles will receive a 600 kW fast charge, contributing roughly 10% (3.85 kWh) to the battery’s charge level. This power output exceeds that of a Tesla Supercharger, highlighting Formula E’s dedication to enhancing EV charging technology. Nonetheless, teams encounter a tactical dilemma: only one vehicle per team can stop for a recharge at any time, and the stop must take place within a specific timeframe during the race.

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### **The Science Behind Fast Charging**

While some may deride the duration of these stops compared to the rapid pit stops in Formula 1, the situation is dictated by physical laws. Batteries have a limit to the amount of energy they can safely absorb within a specific time, preventing overheating or damage. A substantial recharge would consume several minutes, which is unfeasible for the sprint format of Formula E.

Consequently, the 30-second “pit boost” finds a harmony between technological practicality and race-day thrill. Although it may not match the drama of tire changes seen in other motorsport events, it adds a new dimension of strategy and unpredictability to the races.

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### **Pioneering in Racing: Formula E’s Innovative Spirit**

Formula E has consistently embraced experimentation with fresh concepts to enrich the fan experience. Not every innovation has been well-received—such as the discontinued “fan boost,” where fans voted for drivers to gain extra power—but others, like “attack mode,” have garnered tremendous acclaim. Attack mode grants drivers a temporary power surge when activated by navigating over a designated part of the track, introducing a strategic layer to races and creating exhilarating moments.

The addition of pit boost aims to emulate that success. Unlike attack mode, pit boost functions autonomously, adding another layer of intricacy for race strategists. Teams must navigate the timing of their pit stops, weighing the risk of losing their position against the benefit of enhanced power. According to Formula E co-founder and chief championship officer Albert Longo, the intention is to instill “a little bit of jeopardy” and amplify race excitement.

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### **The Tactical Consequences of Pit Boost**

To teams, the launch of pit boost presents both challenges and possibilities. Frederic Espinos, team director at Lola Yamaha ABT Formula E Team, emphasized the strategic aspects. “Determining the ideal time to pit, which balances the chance of losing position with the additional power boost, will be crucial,” he shared. Teams will also need to rehearse executing these stops precisely, as any lapses could be detrimental.

Compounding the intricacy, pit boost will be accessible during safety car phases, potentially providing a strategic edge—or a grave disadvantage—based on the timing. This unpredictability is anticipated to keep spectators engaged and introduce a fresh layer of drama to the races.

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### **A Stepping Stone Approach for Optimal Impact**

Not every race in the 2025 season will incorporate pit boost. Formula E intends to roll out the feature selectively, commencing with one race of the Jeddah double-header on February 14–15. This strategy permits the series to highlight the effects of pit boost by comparing races with and without the feature. Should it prove successful, pit boost could become a mainstay in Formula E’s future.

The series has implemented thorough measures to guarantee the dependability of the new chargers. After postponing the feature in both 2023 and 2024, Formula E is confident in the technology’s preparedness. Spare chargers will be accessible in the paddock to handle any potential issues, ensuring a seamless rollout.

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### **Looking Ahead: Formula E’s Aspirations for the Future**

The launch of pit boost emphasizes Formula E’s dedication to innovation and its identity as a testing arena for EV technology. By

Researchers Alert to Possible Cyberattack Hazard for European Power Grid

### The Unsecured Core of Central Europe’s Energy Network: A Security Threat

In an unexpected finding, researchers Fabian Bräunlein and Luca Melette have revealed a significant vulnerability in the power grid infrastructure of Central Europe. Renewable energy plants throughout the area, which cater to a population exceeding 450 million, depend on **unencrypted radio signals** for regulating the electricity flow into and out of the grid. This revelation has sparked grave concerns regarding the security of essential infrastructure and the risk of malicious exploitation.

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### The Exploration: From Streetlights to Energy Networks

The inquiry started with an interest in the streetlights of Berlin. Noticing radio receivers positioned on streetlight poles, the researchers speculated whether it was feasible to manage them collectively via a central transmitter. Their original concept was to develop a city-wide lighting project similar to the renowned **Project Blinkenlights**, which orchestrated building lights to create a large monochrome display in Berlin in 2001.

After a year dedicated to reverse engineering, the researchers confirmed they could manipulate streetlights by replaying authentic radio messages. However, their project unexpectedly shifted when they found that the same system in charge of streetlight management was also employed to oversee **renewable energy facilities** and other critical infrastructure within Central Europe.

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### The Weakness: Radio Ripple Control

The system under scrutiny is referred to as **Radio Ripple Control** (or *Funkrundsteuerung* in German). This technology, which originates from the early 20th-century **Ripple Control** protocol, utilizes **frequency-shift keying (FSK)** to transmit commands through low-frequency radio waves. These commands supervise power loads and grid distributions, instructing renewable energy facilities to either inject power into or withhold it from the grid.

Though Ripple Control has transitioned from wired to wireless communication, its fundamental design remains antiquated. The radio signals utilized in Radio Ripple Control are **unencrypted**, allowing anyone with appropriate equipment to intercept, record, and replicate them—or even devise their own commands. This absence of encryption makes the system susceptible to unauthorized interference.

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### The Magnitude of the Issue

The researchers estimate that in Germany alone, **40 gigawatts (GW)** of energy from renewable sources are managed through Radio Ripple Control. Furthermore, **20 GW** of loads, including heat pumps and wall boxes, are coordinated using the same system. This totals **60 GW of potentially manageable power**, approximately equivalent to the overall electricity consumption in Germany.

The ramifications of this scenario are alarming. A malicious individual could theoretically transmit rogue commands to these facilities, resulting in a sudden disruption to the grid’s balance. Such a disruption could destabilize the grid frequency, potentially causing widespread blackouts.

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### The Attack Scenario: Is It Possible?

The researchers investigated the viability of an attack capable of crippling the entire European grid. They pinpointed three essential requirements:

1. **Manipulating Sufficient Power**: An attacker would need to control enough gigawatts of energy to induce a significant imbalance.
2. **Overriding Legitimate Signals**: The attacker would need to overpower the authentic commands sent from the three high-power transmitters run by Munich-based EFR.
3. **Timing**: The attack would have to occur at a moment when the grid is particularly vulnerable.

The researchers showcased the feasibility of such an attack in a controlled setting. Utilizing a **Flipper Zero** device, they successfully dispatched unauthorized commands to a photovoltaic system, instructing it to halt power flow into the grid. They also suggested constructing rogue transmitters using portable amplifiers and kite-based antennas to transmit malicious signals over extensive distances.

Nevertheless, grid security experts express doubt regarding the practicality of such a strike. Although the described scenario is theoretically feasible, the intricacies involved in orchestrating such an operation and the resilience of the grid make it improbable for success on the scale imagined.

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### The Wider Implications

Even if a continent-wide blackout remains unlikely, the reliance on unencrypted radio signals for managing critical infrastructure constitutes a glaring security weakness. The researchers assert that this practice contravenes fundamental principles of **defense-in-depth**, which advocates for multiple security layers to safeguard vital systems.

The researchers also underscored the sluggish pace of modernization. Although technologies like **iMSys** (Intelligentes Messsystem) present encrypted alternatives, their adoption has been limited. iMSys, which employs **LTE** (a 4G mobile network standard) for secure communication, is currently utilized mainly for smart meters. Efforts to extend its use for grid management are progressing too slowly to tackle the immediate threats posed by Radio Ripple Control.

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### The Path Ahead: Securing the Energy Network

The findings highlight the urgent requirement to substitute Radio Ripple Control with a more secure system. Essential recommendations include:

1. **Expediting the Deployment of Secure Alternatives**: Technologies like iMSys should be prioritized for overseeing critical infrastructure.
2. **Incorporating Encryption**: All communication protocols utilized in grid management must include encryption to obstruct unauthorized access.