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“Outgoing NASA Administrator Urges Successors to Uphold Dedication to Artemis Program”

**NASA Under Bill Nelson: Insights on Leadership, Obstacles, and the Prospects of Space Exploration**

Throughout the past three and a half years, Bill Nelson, a former astronaut and experienced politician from Florida, has held the position of NASA administrator. As his term nears its end, Nelson reflects on the milestones reached during his administration, the obstacles encountered, and the journey ahead for the U.S. space program. From the successful deployment of the James Webb Space Telescope to advancements in the Artemis Program and the intricacies of NASA’s collaborations with private sectors, Nelson’s leadership has been characterized by both successes and challenges.

### **Notable Accomplishments Throughout Nelson’s Tenure**

Nelson’s time at NASA has been marked by several pivotal accomplishments. A key highlight is the successful launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, a project that underwent years of delays and budget challenges yet has transformed our comprehension of the universe. The telescope’s breathtaking images and groundbreaking findings have emphasized NASA’s pivotal role in the realm of space science.

Another major achievement was the initiation of Artemis I, the inaugural mission in NASA’s bold Artemis Program designed to bring humans back to the Moon and ultimately facilitate exploration of Mars. Artemis I served to test the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket alongside the Orion spacecraft, laying the groundwork for future manned missions.

Moreover, Nelson took the vital step of returning Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft to Earth without a crew on board, prioritizing safety and dependability in NASA’s commercial crew program. This decision showcased the agency’s dedication to thorough testing and risk management.

### **The Hurdles of Artemis and the Timeline for Moon Missions**

Despite these achievements, the Artemis Program has encountered various difficulties. Both Artemis II and Artemis III have seen delays, delaying the first crewed lunar landing to summer 2027. Nelson attributes some of these setbacks to technical problems, including the abnormal heat shield performance noted during the re-entry of Artemis I. Still, he expresses confidence in the program’s progression, noting the unanimous endorsement from independent review teams and NASA committees regarding the redesign of the heat shield.

Nelson also stressed the necessity of having multiple lunar landers to guarantee mission success. Initially, NASA chose SpaceX’s Starship as its exclusive lunar lander in 2021, a decision made just prior to Nelson’s confirmation as administrator. While he backed the decision, he later pushed for a second lander competition, resulting in the inclusion of Blue Origin’s Human Landing System. This dual-lander strategy resembles NASA’s commercial crew program, where both SpaceX and Boeing were selected to provide redundancy and foster competition.

### **The Increasing Role of Private Industry in Space Exploration**

Under Nelson’s guidance, NASA has actively collaborated with private enterprises to fulfill its goals. The anticipated inaugural launch of Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket symbolizes the expanding potential of the private sector in creating heavy-lift vehicles. Nelson sees this as a crucial advancement for NASA’s Human Landing System and the triumph of upcoming lunar missions.

SpaceX, notably, has been instrumental in NASA’s strategies. Nelson commended the company’s contributions, emphasizing that SpaceX’s triumphs are central to NASA’s success. He also highlighted Gwynne Shotwell, SpaceX’s president and COO, as a vital element in the company’s achievements.

However, Nelson acknowledged the conflicts of interest posed by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk’s advisory role to the forthcoming administration. While he has enjoyed a positive professional rapport with Musk, he expressed hope that Musk’s influence could assist in securing funding for NASA’s human exploration initiatives.

### **The Mars Sample Return Mission: An Expensive Challenge**

One of the most debated matters during Nelson’s administration has been the Mars Sample Return mission. Originally estimated to cost billions and extend into the 2040s, the mission attracted considerable criticism for its budget and schedule. In response, Nelson made the courageous choice to pause the current program and reassess its viability. He aims to propose new, more economical alternatives for the mission, leaving the ultimate decision to the next administration.

Nelson remains hopeful regarding the mission’s potential to address essential questions about the existence of life on Mars and its consequences for Earth’s future. “Sooner or later, the samples will be returned from Mars,” he asserted, highlighting the scientific significance of the initiative.

### **Looking Forward: NASA’s Future with New Leadership**

As Nelson readies to depart, he expressed support for his possible successor, private astronaut and entrepreneur Jared Isaacman. Although Nelson is not well acquainted with Isaacman, he feels optimistic about his capability to steer NASA and committed his full backing if Isaacman is appointed.

Nelson also tackled speculation surrounding the Artemis Program’s future under the upcoming administration. While he recognized the necessity of reviewing NASA’s missions and framework, he dismissed rumors of Artemis or the SLS rocket facing cancellation. “Do you think President Trump would rather have a conversation with American astronauts on the Moon during

“Electric Vehicles with Heat Pumps Show Reduced Range Loss in Cold Temperatures”

### How Heat Pumps Are Transforming Electric Vehicle (EV) Efficiency in Cold Conditions

Electric vehicles (EVs) have seen considerable growth recently as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional gasoline vehicles. Nevertheless, one ongoing worry for prospective EV purchasers, particularly those in colder regions, is the performance of these vehicles in frigid temperatures. Issues like diminished battery range and reduced charging rates in cold weather have heightened doubts. However, innovations in EV technology—especially the implementation of heat pumps—are addressing these hurdles and enhancing the winter driving experience for EVs.

#### The Cold Weather Dilemma for EVs

Cold weather introduces distinct challenges for EVs. As temperatures drop, the chemical processes within lithium-ion batteries slow down, leading to a temporary decline in energy capacity. Furthermore, heating the cabin in icy conditions draws energy directly from the battery, which further reduces the driving range. Studies show that freezing temperatures can cut an EV’s range by **25% to 41%**, varying by model and circumstances. For example, a vehicle that can cover 100 miles on a single charge in moderate weather might only achieve 59 to 75 miles in frigid temperatures.

This issue has sparked notable incidents, including one in Chicago where Tesla drivers encountered long waits at charging stations during a significant cold snap. While these accounts have attracted media coverage, specialists suggest that they are often exaggerated. Andrew Garberson, the director of growth and research at the EV advocacy organization Recurrent, stresses that although winter range reduction is a reality, it isn’t as catastrophic as some fear. “The concern regarding winter and reduced range, while not incorrect, tends to be a bit overstated,” he remarks.

#### The Impact of Heat Pumps on EV Efficiency

One of the most promising answers to the cold-weather range dilemma is the incorporation of heat pumps in EVs. In contrast to conventional resistance heating systems, which require a considerable amount of power, heat pumps operate much more efficiently. They function by extracting heat from the outside air (even in sub-zero temperatures) and transferring it into the cabin, which uses less energy. This improved efficiency leads to decreased battery usage, leaving more power available for driving.

A current study by Recurrent, which analyzed real-world driving data from over 10,000 EVs, discovered that vehicles equipped with heat pumps faced markedly less range loss in cold weather. On average, EVs without heat pumps encountered a **28% decline in range**, while those with heat pumps only saw a **13% drop**. This indicates that heat pumps can provide roughly **10% additional range** during cold spells—a significant benefit for winter driving.

#### The Rise of Heat Pumps in Contemporary EVs

Heat pumps are increasingly becoming a standard feature in many newer EV models. For instance, Audi includes heat pumps in its e-tron, and Ford has incorporated them into its 2024 F-150 Lightning, with plans to add them to the 2025 Mustang Mach-E. Tesla has also adopted heat pumps in its latest models, including the Model Y, which has received acclaim for its performance in cold weather.

However, not every EV performs equally well in winter conditions. Recurrent’s analysis pointed out notable differences in range loss across various models. The Tesla Model X, for example, recorded the least range reduction at **11%**, whereas the Volkswagen ID.4 faced a **37% drop**. These discrepancies highlight the necessity of investigating a vehicle’s technology and features prior to making a purchase, especially for those in colder climates.

#### Real-Life Insights: EVs in Chillier Environments

For numerous EV owners, initial worries about winter performance quickly fade once they gain practical experience. Ingrid Malmgren, senior policy director for Plug In America, recounted her experience driving her Tesla Model Y on a road trip from Vermont to Quebec City in sub-zero temperatures. Despite her initial concerns, the trip was effortless, needing just one charging stop along the route. “It was a complete non-issue,” she noted.

This perspective is mirrored by findings from a recent Plug In America survey, which showed that while **70% of respondents** expressed worries about battery range before purchasing an EV, only **35% continued to be concerned** after ownership. The survey also indicated that satisfaction with EV performance in chilly conditions is notably higher among owners of newer models that feature advanced technologies like heat pumps.

#### Strategies for Operating EVs in Cold Weather

To optimize EV performance during winter, experts suggest the following measures:

1. **Precondition the Battery**: Many modern EVs allow users to precondition the battery and cabin while the vehicle is still charged. This warms the battery to an ideal temperature, enhancing charging speeds and efficiency.

2. **Plan Charging Stops**: For extended journeys, utilize apps or onboard navigation systems to identify charging stations along your route.

3. **Select the Right Model**: Research EVs equipped with heat pumps and other cold-weather enhancements. Models built

Discover This Amazing Street Fighter II-Inspired Car Dashboard Upgrade

### The Iconic Arcade Fighter Meets Car Innovation: A Digital Dashboard Modification Inspired by Street Fighter

In the dynamic realm of automotive modifications, enthusiasts are consistently redefining creativity and technology. The newest trend captivating car modders and gamers is a digital dashboard modification inspired by the legendary arcade fighter, *Street Fighter II*. This clever fusion of nostalgic gaming visuals and advanced automotive technology has surged in popularity within the aftermarket scene, demonstrating that even the most functional elements of a vehicle can transform into a medium for personal expression.

#### The Emergence of the Software-Defined Vehicle (SDV)

To grasp the significance of this mod, it’s essential to delve into the idea of the software-defined vehicle (SDV). Contemporary automakers are progressively shifting from conventional hardware-oriented designs to centralized software systems. These systems integrate the various functionalities of a vehicle—such as powertrain, safety, and infotainment—into a handful of powerful computing units. This transition brings unparalleled adaptability in vehicle modifications, allowing manufacturers to adjust handling, increase power output, or revamp user interfaces (UIs) through software enhancements.

Nevertheless, while car makers are adopting this adaptability, they frequently restrict how much drivers can modify their vehicles. Customization selections are usually limited to pre-approved themes, backgrounds, and lighting colors. Even ambitious initiatives like Apple’s upcoming generation of CarPlay, which intends to dominate every display in a vehicle, have yet to reach production-ready models.

For older vehicles, however, the aftermarket community provides a significantly more flexible environment for innovation. This is where the *Street Fighter II*-themed dashboard modification comes into play.

#### The Modification: A Digital Dashboard with a Nostalgic Flair

The modification in question was discovered on Instagram, installed in a heavily modified Nissan 300ZX. Initially a twin-turbo variant, this 300ZX has been metamorphosed into a high-performance machine, thanks to a Toyota 1.5 JZ straight-six engine, a new Garrett turbo, and an array of other enhancements. Boasting 510 horsepower and 499 lb-ft of torque under the hood, the vehicle is already an eye-catcher. However, what distinguishes it further is its dashboard.

This car showcases a digital dashboard from Powertune Digital, a firm renowned for its advanced, customizable displays. What makes this dashboard stand out is its *Street Fighter II*-themed UI, crafted by digital artist Gasketfuka. The display showcases a battle between Ken and Ryu, with their signature health bars repurposed to indicate vital engine metrics.

– **Health Bars:** The left bar symbolizes engine coolant temperature, while the right bar indicates RPM. As the RPMs rise, Ryu unleashes a Hadouken at Ken, providing a dynamic and interactive aspect to the display.
– **Speed Indicator:** Located between the health bars, the speedometer keeps the driver updated without detracting from the gaming theme.
– **Additional Metrics:** The lower portion of the screen offers crucial data such as battery voltage, oil pressure, boost pressure, and the current gear.

This imaginative amalgamation of gaming visuals and practical data elevates the driving experience to something genuinely exceptional, merging nostalgia with contemporary technology.

#### The Creator Behind the Modification

The inventive UI was designed by Gasketfuka, a designer recognized for creating a variety of digital dashboard layouts. Although some of their designs cater to specific tastes (and might not always be appropriate for all audiences), their *Street Fighter II* dashboard has resonated with vehicle enthusiasts and gamers alike. Gasketfuka’s creations illustrate the potential for digital dashboards to transform into highly personalized artistic expressions rather than just mere vehicles for displaying information.

#### Implications for the Future of Automotive Design

The *Street Fighter II* dashboard modification prompts a vital question: Why aren’t automotive manufacturers embracing this degree of creativity in their own UIs? While safety and functionality are essential, there’s no reason OEMs can’t provide more whimsical, customizable options for drivers. Envision a reality where your vehicle’s dashboard could showcase your personality, hobbies, or even your beloved video game.

As software increasingly influences vehicle design, the opportunities for personalization are limitless. Automakers could draw inspiration from the aftermarket sector and partner with artists, designers, and even game developers to develop distinctive, interactive UIs. This would not only enrich the driving experience but also attract a younger, tech-savvy demographic.

#### Final Thoughts

The *Street Fighter II*-inspired digital dashboard modification exemplifies the creativity and ingenuity within the automotive aftermarket community. By merging nostalgic gaming elements with modern technology, it elevates a practical component of the vehicle into an artistic masterpiece. As the automotive sector continues to advance, maybe it’s time for OEMs to adopt strategies from the aftermarket world and fully embrace the vast potentials of software-defined vehicles. After all, who wouldn’t enjoy witnessing Ryu and Ken engaging in battle during their morning commute?