CERN Cuts Ties with Russia, Intends to Dismiss Hundreds of Russian Scientists by December

### CERN’s Resolution to Dissolve Connections with Russian Institutions: A Milestone in Global Scientific Cooperation

Since its inception in 1954, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, widely referred to as CERN, has stood as a symbol of global scientific collaboration. The laboratory located in Geneva has united scientists from across the globe to delve into the realms of high-energy physics, with its most notable endeavor being the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Nevertheless, the geopolitical climate has changed significantly following Russia’s incursion into Ukraine in 2022, prompting CERN to reassess its long-held alliances with Russian institutions.

In December 2023, CERN’s governing body faced the challenging choice to end its International Cooperation Agreement with the Russian Federation, set to take effect on November 30, 2024. This decision signifies the conclusion of a 60-year partnership between CERN and Russian scientific institutions. Belarus is also affected, as its cooperation agreement is scheduled to cease even sooner, on June 27, 2024.

### A Heritage of Collaboration

CERN was founded in the wake of World War II with the aim of promoting peaceful scientific inquiry and cross-border collaboration. Over the years, it has transformed into a global center for particle physics, accommodating scientists from more than 70 nations. Although Russia has never been a full member of CERN, it has been instrumental in the organization’s research initiatives since 1955. Numerous scientists affiliated with Russia have played pivotal roles in pioneering experiments, particularly those conducted at the LHC.

Russia’s observer status at CERN, which enabled its scientists to engage in experiments and assist in shaping the organization’s scientific priorities, is now drawing to a close. The decision to cut off connections with Russian institutions stems from the ongoing hostilities in Ukraine and what CERN characterized as Russia’s “illegal use of force.” This action aligns with wider international sanctions and limitations on scientific partnership with Russia.

### The Ramifications for CERN’s Research

The cessation of the cooperation agreement prompts crucial considerations regarding the future of scientific endeavors at CERN. Historically, Russia has contributed approximately 4.5 percent to the budget for LHC experiments, with its scientists significantly involved in various research initiatives. However, CERN has already initiated measures to lessen the impact of Russia’s departure. Other member nations have stepped forward to compensate for the financial gap, and some Russian researchers have found opportunities outside Russia to pursue their work at CERN.

Despite these initiatives, certain experts express concern about the long-term implications of this decision. Hannes Jung, a particle physicist and participant in the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment at CERN, articulated his apprehensions in a dialogue with *Nature*. “It will leave a void. I think it’s a misconception to assume that this can be easily compensated by other scientists,” he mentioned. Jung, also affiliated with the Science4Peace Forum, champions the notion of sustaining scientific collaboration even amidst political tensions.

Conversely, some argue that the impact will be minimal, as researchers have had sufficient time to prepare for the exit. Key personnel have discovered ways to stay engaged with CERN’s projects, whether by relocating or acquiring positions within non-Russian entities. This has aided in maintaining continuity in ongoing experiments, at least temporarily.

### The Contentious Decision to Retain Ties with JINR

While CERN has severed ties with Russian institutions, it has opted to uphold its relationship with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), an intergovernmental research facility located in Dubna, close to Moscow. JINR presents a unique case, involving scientists from various nations, including several CERN member countries. This decision has ignited discussion within the scientific realm.

Hannes Jung endorses CERN’s choice to continue collaboration with JINR, stating that it “marked a shift in the management of these matters.” He believes that maintaining connections with JINR enables some degree of ongoing scientific collaboration, even amid persistent political frictions.

However, not everyone shares this viewpoint. Boris Grynyov, director of the Institute for Scintillation Materials in Kharkiv, Ukraine, denounced the decision, labeling it “a substantial error.” Grynyov and others contend that sustaining any kind of partnership with Russian-affiliated institutions undermines the international stance regarding Russia’s conduct in Ukraine.

### The Wider Context: Science and Politics

CERN’s choice to end its collaboration with Russian institutions embodies a larger movement where scientific partnerships are increasingly swayed by geopolitical developments. Traditionally, science has been perceived as a neutral arena where researchers from various countries could collaborate despite political divides. However, the invasion of Ukraine has prompted a reevaluation of this tenet, with numerous organizations opting to dissolve ties with Russian institutions as part of a broader strategy to diplomatically and economically isolate the nation.

This scenario underscores the fragile equilibrium between scientific partnership and political circumstances. While many scientists advocate for maintaining open communication channels, others assert that continuing cooperation with Russian entities risks legitimizing their actions amid ongoing conflicts.

North Carolina Gubernatorial Hopeful Alleges AI Created Racist and Pornographic Forum Messages

### Mark Robinson and the “Deep Doubt” Era: AI as a Political Shield

In a political environment increasingly influenced by technological advancements, North Carolina’s Lieutenant Governor and gubernatorial hopeful, Mark Robinson, has found himself embroiled in a controversy highlighting the rising role of artificial intelligence (AI) in public discourse. On September 19, 2024, CNN revealed a story about incendiary remarks made by Robinson on a pornography website’s forum over ten years ago. The remarks, which included characterizations of Robinson as a “black NAZI” and endorsements for enslaving individuals again, were allegedly posted between 2008 and 2012 under the username “minisoldr” on a platform called “Nude Africa.”

However, Robinson has refuted the claims, asserting that the remarks were fabricated using AI. This contention has sparked a wider discussion on AI’s impact on public opinion and accountability, particularly in an era some experts are dubbing the “deep doubt” age.

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### The Allegations

CNN’s investigation uncovered Robinson’s comments through a mix of biographical information, a mutual email address, and profile images. The statements, made well before Robinson rose to prominence in politics, have incited significant backlash. Despite the corroborating evidence, Robinson vehemently denies the allegations, claiming they stem from a smear campaign led by his political adversaries employing AI-generated material.

In a CNN interview with reporter Andrew Kaczynski, Robinson remarked, “Listen, I’m not going to delve into the details of how someone concocted these outrageous tabloid fabrications, but I can tell you this: Over one million dollars has been funneled against me via AI by a billionaire’s son who is hell-bent on ruining me.” He further contended that the comments did not originate from him and were part of a larger scheme to divert voters’ attention from the genuine issues confronting North Carolina.

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### The “Deep Doubt” Era: A Handy Justification?

Robinson’s rebuttal aligns with a rising trend where public figures utilize AI as a convenient excuse to dismiss damaging proof. This trend, referred to as the “deep doubt” era, encapsulates the growing skepticism surrounding digital content prompted by the emergence of generative AI models capable of crafting hyper-realistic deepfakes. Although AI technology has certainly progressed to the extent that it can produce, convincing images, videos, and text, the timeframe of Robinson’s alleged comments—between 2008 and 2012—calls into question the legitimacy of his assertions.

At the period the comments were made, AI technology was not nearly as developed as it is today. Deepfakes, in the form we recognize now, were not a major issue in the early 2010s, raising doubts about the possibility that Robinson’s remarks were AI-generated. Furthermore, CNN’s inquiry hinged on a trail of evidence encompassing biographical information and a shared email address, which further complicates Robinson’s defense.

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### The “Liar’s Dividend” and the Decline of Trust

The notion of “deep doubt” closely relates to what researchers Danielle K. Citron and Robert Chesney have referred to as the “liar’s dividend.” In their 2019 scholarly article, Citron and Chesney posited that the rise of deepfakes and other AI-generated content could facilitate liars in evading accountability. By questioning the genuineness of digital evidence, people can leverage the uncertainty induced by AI to dismiss valid accusations.

This strategy has already been utilized by several prominent figures. Former President Donald Trump, for instance, has repeatedly asserted that credible images were produced by AI, despite overwhelming contrary evidence. The “liar’s dividend” allows individuals to construct an alternate reality in which they remain blameless, further dividing public sentiment and undermining trust in democratic institutions.

In Robinson’s scenario, his rejection of the allegations has begun to fracture public opinion. While some within his own party have urged him to resign, the North Carolina GOP has so far supported him, and Robinson shows no sign of stepping back from the gubernatorial contest. This division reflects the broader societal challenge wrought by the “deep doubt” era: the emergence of parallel narratives that make it increasingly difficult for the public to ascertain the truth.

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### The Future of Accountability in the AI Era

As AI technology advances, the challenges posed by deepfakes and other digital manipulations are poised to become more significant. Experts caution that we may soon witness the proliferation of “context attacks,” wherein generative AI models are employed to fabricate an endless stream of counterfeit evidence that bolsters false narratives. These attacks could justify lies as needed, complicating the quest for holding public figures responsible.

The implications for democracy are immense. If individuals can routinely dismiss incriminating proof by claiming it was created by AI, the very foundation of accountability in public life could be jeopardized.

Ars Technica is Seeking a Seasoned Senior Reporter to Focus on Google and Related Subjects

## Ars Technica is Seeking a Senior Technology Reporter to Report on Google and AI

In a time when technology is advancing faster than ever, Ars Technica is searching for a Senior Technology Reporter to focus on one of the most vibrant and influential firms globally: Google. As Google experiences substantial changes, especially with its emphasis on generative AI, cloud solutions, and its ongoing rivalry with tech leaders like OpenAI, Microsoft, and Perplexity, this position is vital for delivering comprehensive analysis and coverage of the company’s strategic initiatives.

### The Role: Senior Technology Reporter

This role goes beyond merely covering Google’s consumer offerings such as Android or Pixel devices, although those will be included in the scope. The main emphasis will be on Google’s broader technological and business strategies, particularly in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud services, and search technologies. Google is leading the AI revolution, and its actions in this sector are influencing the future of technology and our interaction with information. The Senior Technology Reporter will be tasked with examining these developments, offering critical perspectives, and producing well-researched articles that engage Ars Technica’s audience.

A discerning viewpoint and informed skepticism are essential for this role. Google’s choices often carry significant consequences for privacy, data security, and the larger tech industry. The perfect candidate will need to delve deeply into these concerns, providing readers not just with the “what” but also with the “why” and “how” of Google’s decisions.

### What You’ll Be Doing

As a Senior Technology Reporter, your tasks will involve:
– **Comprehensive reporting on Google’s strategic actions** in AI, cloud services, and search technologies.
– **Evaluating the competitive environment**, particularly Google’s responses to challenges from firms like OpenAI, Microsoft, and Perplexity.
– **Covering significant Google events** and product unveilings, offering both immediate news and extended analysis.
– **Writing daily news updates** on smaller occurrences while also working on larger, in-depth articles.
– **Working collaboratively with a remote team** of editors and journalists to ensure high-quality, prompt reporting.

### The Ideal Candidate

This is a senior-level role, and Ars Technica seeks an individual who is ready to get started immediately. The perfect candidate will have:
– **Previous professional experience in tech journalism**, complemented by a strong portfolio showcasing the ability to tackle complex technical and business subjects.
– **A thorough understanding of AI, cloud services, and search technologies**, along with knowledge of the wider tech industry.
– **The capacity to work autonomously** and control your own reporting timetable while also collaborating with a remote team.
– **Exceptional analytical abilities** to provide insightful, well-considered perspectives on Google’s business strategies and technological innovations.

### Requirements

– **Professional experience in technology journalism** is essential. This is a senior role, so applicants should demonstrate a solid history of reporting on technology-related issues.
– **Must reside in and be eligible to work in the United States**. Regrettably, this position is available only to candidates based in the U.S.
– **Adaptability to remote work** is crucial, as Ars Technica operates as a fully remote team.
– **Willingness to travel** two to three times annually for major event coverage, including Google I/O and other prominent tech conventions.

### Why Join Ars Technica?

Ars Technica is celebrated for its comprehensive explorations of technology, science, and policy, and this position presents an opportunity to be at the forefront of coverage on one of the world’s most influential companies. As part of a team that appreciates informed skepticism and meticulous analysis, you’ll have the opportunity to influence the dialogue about Google’s impact on the future of AI and technology.

This is a full-time, unionized position with benefits, offering job security and the opportunity to work on meaningful stories. You’ll be joining a team of dedicated journalists committed to providing readers with the most accurate, insightful, and engaging content possible.

### Meet Your Assistant: “Googly”

In a fun twist, the job listing hints that if you are hired for this role, you’ll be assigned an assistant—playfully named “Googly.” While details about Googly are minimal, it’s apparent that Ars Technica possesses a sense of humor, and you can anticipate joining a team that appreciates both hard work and a lighthearted, cooperative environment.

### How to Apply

If this opportunity seems perfect for you, don’t wait to apply! You can find the complete job description and application instructions on the

Progress in Headlamp Technology: Strategies to Avoid Blinding Drivers Approaching from the Opposite Direction

# The Future of Car Headlamps: Adaptive Matrix LED Technology

**TROY, Mich.**—Even though the United States excels in various sectors of technology, automotive lighting is one area where it has fallen short. For many years, stringent federal regulations have prevented advanced headlamp technologies, common in other regions, from being utilized on U.S. roads. Nonetheless, a transition is finally underway with the rollout of **adaptive matrix LED headlights**, a technology aimed at enhancing night-time driving safety without blinding oncoming drivers.

## A History of Headlamp Regulation in the U.S.

Historically, the U.S. has been relatively stagnant in the area of automotive lighting, primarily due to outdated federal laws. Since the 1960s, the **Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards** (FMVSS) have required the use of sealed high- and low-beam headlamps, hindering automakers’ capabilities to introduce more sophisticated lighting solutions. This situation forced manufacturers like **Mercedes-Benz** and **Audi** to market vehicles in North America with inferior lighting systems compared to those sold in Europe.

In 2014, **Audi** made an effort to introduce its cutting-edge **laser high-beam technology** to the U.S. market. Originally designed for endurance races at the **24 Hours of Le Mans**, these laser lights provided illumination much farther down the road than standard high beams. However, the technology stumbled upon regulatory obstacles from both the **National Highway Traffic Safety Administration** (NHTSA) and the **Food and Drug Administration** (FDA), which regulates laser devices. Although laser headlights were eventually permitted on U.S. roads in 2019, their efficacy was diminished due to mandated power reductions.

## The Issue of Intense Headlights

Although modern lighting technology can enhance driver visibility, it brings a significant drawback: **glare**. Intense headlights, particularly from oncoming traffic or closely following vehicles, can momentarily blind or dazzle other operators, impairing their night vision. This challenge is amplified by the prevalence of **LED** and **HID** headlights, which are substantially brighter than traditional halogen alternatives.

This is where **adaptive matrix LED headlights** are vital. These systems utilize arrays of controllable **LED pixels** to sculpt the light beam, allowing for more accurate illumination. In contrast to standard high beams, which must be turned off when another vehicle approaches, adaptive matrix headlights can smartly dim individual pixels, maintaining lighting on the road while preventing glare for other drivers.

## The Emergence of Adaptive Matrix LED Headlights

Adaptive matrix LED headlights signify a noteworthy advancement in automotive lighting technology. These systems leverage sensor data to modify the light beam in real-time, selectively dimming or brightening specific road areas. For instance, when a vehicle approaches from the opposite direction, the system can lessen the brightness of that part of the beam directed towards the oncoming automobile while simultaneously ensuring the rest of the roadway is illuminated.

This technology is already prevalent across Europe and other regions, but its adoption in the U.S. faced delays due to regulatory challenges. In 2022, after years of advocacy from automakers, the NHTSA finally sanctioned the use of **adaptive beam headlights** on American roads. However, the approval included a stipulation: a new testing framework was required to guarantee that these lights wouldn’t blind other drivers.

## Magna’s Adaptive Driving Beam Technology

Among the companies pioneering adaptive lighting technology is **Magna**, a tier 1 supplier and contract vehicle manufacturer. During a recent tech event in **Troy, Michigan**, Magna showcased its new **Invision Adaptive Driving Beam** series of light projectors. These systems are available in different resolutions, including a 48-pixel variant aimed at entry-level vehicles.

**Rafat Mohammad**, R&D supervisor at Magna, noted that the primary challenge in complying with U.S. regulations is ensuring a smooth and precise transition between illumination and shadow within the beam. “The key aspect of this regulation is that the transition zone between the dark and bright areas must be within one degree. We’ve achieved that and more. Thus, we’re very satisfied with our design,” Mohammad stated.

Magna’s system is highly adaptable, enabling automakers to customize the lighting to fit their particular requirements. For example, the lower portion of the projector, containing 15 LEDs, can be controlled individually to coordinate with the vehicle’s low-beam lights. This functionality ensures that areas meant to remain dark are not accidentally lit.

## High-Resolution Lighting for Tomorrow

At the upper end of the scale, Magna has created a projector boasting **16K resolution**, unlocking a plethora of new capabilities. These high-resolution lights can project information directly onto the street, such as navigational directions or warnings for other road users. For instance, a vehicle could illuminate a **zebra crossing** in front of it when it