AllYouCanTech

Initial Drive Evaluation: 2025 Cadillac Escalade IQ Delivers 460-Mile Range with One Charge

# **Cadillac Escalade IQ: The Quintessential American Luxury SUV Transitions to Electric**

## **Introduction**
The Cadillac Escalade has established itself as an emblem of American luxury, blending power, prestige, and state-of-the-art technology. Now, Cadillac boldly strides into the future with the **Escalade IQ**, its all-electric rendition of the flagship SUV. This latest iteration maintains the grandeur and stature of its predecessors while harnessing the advantages of electrification. But does it meet the lofty expectations set by its gasoline-powered forerunners? Let’s delve deeper.

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## **A Commanding Presence with Electric Power**
The **Cadillac Escalade IQ** isn’t just any electric vehicle. Weighing over **9,000 lbs (4,000 kg)**, this giant eclipses the **682-horsepower Escalade V**, which has a **6.2L supercharged V8**. The extra heft largely stems from its **205 kWh battery pack**, granting an astounding **460-mile (740 km) range**—a vital consideration for luxury SUV buyers who require extensive travel capabilities.

In spite of its size, the Escalade IQ offers thrilling performance. With **dual electric motors**, it generates **750 horsepower (560 kW) and 786 lb-ft (1,065 Nm) of torque**. Engaging the **Velocity Max mode** allows it to sprint from **0 to 60 mph in less than five seconds**, demonstrating that electrification does not entail trading off power.

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## **Common Heritage with GM’s Electric Titans**
The Escalade IQ is constructed on **General Motors’ modular EV platform**, sharing parts with the **Hummer EV**, **Chevrolet Silverado EV**, and **GMC Sierra EV**. Yet, in contrast to its rugged counterparts, the Escalade IQ is tailored for luxury rather than rugged terrain. Cadillac is committed to preserving the “no-compromise” lifestyle that Escalade aficionados expect, ensuring that the transition to electric power does not sacrifice comfort or functionality.

A remarkable feature is its **rear-wheel steering**, which improves maneuverability in tight city environments. Cadillac has also introduced **”Arrival Mode,”** akin to the Hummer EV’s **”Crab Walk,”** allowing the vehicle to move diagonally for simpler parking and navigation in restricted spaces.

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## **Unparalleled Luxury and Technology**
Within, the Escalade IQ is a **technological wonder**, providing a host of premium features aimed at enhancing comfort and ease:

– **Three-row seating** accommodating up to **seven adults**, with an extended **EQL variant** offering even more capacity.
– A **nearly six-foot-wide digital display** that stretches across the dashboard.
– A **42-speaker AKG surround sound system**, providing an unmatched auditory experience.
– **Executive second-row seats** equipped with massage functions.
– **Hands-free Super Cruise** for semi-automated driving.

The **interior design** showcases **high-quality materials**, including **luxurious leather, polished wood grain, and high-definition touchscreens**. Cadillac has also focused on **soundproofing**, ensuring a serene cabin even at elevated speeds.

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## **Driving Experience: Merging Power with Physics**
While the Escalade IQ showcases remarkable acceleration and handling given its size, its weight brings certain challenges. Cadillac has refined the **suspension tuning**, but the **24-inch wheels**—the largest ever on a production Escalade—may occasionally result in a **rigid ride over uneven ground**.

On twisting roads, the Escalade IQ performs surprisingly well, but its **bulk is still apparent**. Although it can navigate corners with assurance, luxury SUV consumers might favor **ride comfort over sporty performance**. Thankfully, the **air suspension and adaptive dampers** aid in smoothing out road imperfections.

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## **Charging and Range: A Revolutionary Advantage**
One of the primary benefits of the Escalade IQ is its **rapid charging capability**. With its **dual 400-volt battery system**, it can leverage **350 kW DC fast chargers**, adding **over 100 miles (160 km) of range in just 10 minutes**. Moreover, the option to utilize **Tesla Superchargers** with an adapter significantly broadens charging possibilities for users.

Although equipped with a substantial battery, Cadillac advertises a **460-mile range**, though real-world performances may differ based on driving conditions and loads. Notably, due to its weight, the Escalade IQ is **exempt from EPA range evaluations**, meaning Cadillac’s figures are self-reported.

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## **Cargo Space and Usability**
Luxury SUVs must provide **sufficient storage**, and the Escalade IQ rises to the occasion. It offers:

– **23.6 cubic feet (668 L) of cargo space** behind the third row.
– **12.2 cubic feet (345 L) of front trunk (“eTr

How to Transform a Chevy Bolt EV into a Standby Power Source with an Inverter

# Leveraging a Custom Kit for Budget EV Emergency Power Supply

## Introduction

As electric vehicles (EVs) gain popularity, their applications are expanding beyond mere transportation. With their ample battery capacities, EVs can act as alternative power sources in emergency situations. Although premium EVs are starting to offer vehicle-to-home (V2H) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) functionalities, more affordable models like the Chevy Bolt do not come with integrated power outlets. Nevertheless, with the aid of a custom inverter kit, even a modest EV can furnish emergency power for crucial devices.

## The Idea of Utilizing an EV for Backup Electricity

EVs are frequently parked for long stretches, turning their batteries into an underutilized asset for backup electricity. Some high-end EVs, including the Ford F-150 Lightning and specific GM vehicles, already feature home power integration capabilities. However, those who own budget-savvy EVs need an aftermarket option.

Typically, an EV battery holds a considerable amount of energy, but a majority don’t feature built-in power outlets. The answer lies in a custom inverter kit that transforms the vehicle’s 12V battery output into usable AC power. Unlike conventional gas-powered inverters, an EV-based inverter is capable of operating indoors without producing emissions, rendering it a safer and quieter choice.

## Operation of the Custom Inverter Kit

An inverter kit is attached to the EV’s 12V battery, converting direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) suitable for household devices. A major benefit of employing an EV is that its high-voltage battery constantly recharges the 12V battery, ensuring an uninterrupted power supply.

A business known as **EV Extend** provides an inverter kit designed exclusively for the Chevy Bolt. The kit encompasses:
– A **1,500W pure sinewave inverter** (able to manage 3,000W surges)
– **Quick-connect couplings** for straightforward attachment to the 12V battery
– **A safety fuse** for protection against electrical issues
– **Pre-cut cables and connectors** tailored for the Bolt’s front area
– **Thorough installation guidance**

This arrangement enables the Bolt to deliver up to **1,000W of continuous power**, sufficient to operate essential appliances during an outage.

## Installation and Configuration

The installation of the inverter kit requires approximately **20 minutes** and necessitates basic tools such as a socket wrench. The steps involve:
1. Connecting the inverter to the Bolt’s **12V battery**.
2. Routing cables through the engine compartment.
3. Positioning the inverter securely.
4. Starting the vehicle and activating the inverter.

After installation, the inverter supplies **three standard AC outlets**, allowing users to power devices using extension cords.

## Evaluating the Backup Power Functionality

To replicate a power failure, the author assessed the inverter by operating essential gadgets in a home workspace. The configuration included:
– A **desk setup** (monitor, laptop, speakers)
– A **fiber optic modem and router**
– A **space heater (750W) or a window A/C unit (450W)**
– A **refrigerator (60W, with occasional 1,200W surges)**

The system effectively powered these devices for **30 minutes**, drawing about **850–920W**. With a fully charged Bolt (64 kWh battery), this configuration could last for **48–60 hours** before exhausting the battery.

## Constraints and Considerations

Although the inverter kit delivers valuable backup power, it comes with several constraints:
– **Limited power output** (1,000W continuous) implies it cannot support central HVAC systems.
– **Extension cords are necessary**, as the outlets are located within the vehicle’s hood.
– **The car must remain running**, which might trigger alert notifications within the vehicle’s system.
– **The Bolt automatically powers down after two hours** unless it is in neutral with the parking brake engaged.

Despite these limitations, the setup provides a dependable emergency power source for short-term outages.

## Conclusion

For Chevy Bolt owners and other budget-conscious EV drivers, an inverter kit offers a practical method to tap into their vehicle’s battery for emergency electricity. While it may not serve as a substitute for a full-home generator, it presents a cost-effective and eco-friendly option for powering vital devices during outages.

If you possess an EV and seek a backup power solution, consider investigating inverter kits customized for your vehicle. With appropriate installation and comprehension of power limitations, your EV can transform from merely a means of transportation into a crucial asset during emergencies.

Major Companies Hurry to React After Supply Chain Breach Reveals Confidential Information

# **GitHub Actions Supply-Chain Breach: tj-actions/changed-files Exploited with Credential-Stealing Malware**

## **Overview**
A recent supply-chain breach has affected the open-source GitHub Actions package, **tj-actions/changed-files**, impacting more than **23,000 organizations**. This incident involved unauthorized alterations to the package, which enabled attackers to acquire sensitive credentials from compromised repositories. The event underscores the increasing dangers linked to open-source software and the necessity for enhanced security practices in **Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)** workflows.

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## **Incident Summary**
The **tj-actions/changed-files** package, which is a popular GitHub Action, was **breached** when attackers obtained unauthorized access to a maintainer’s account. The adversaries changed the package’s **tags**, redirecting them to a harmful file that extracted sensitive credentials from server memory. These credentials were then publicly recorded, making them susceptible to potential exploitation.

### **Main Aspects of the Breach:**
– The **malicious update** was implemented on or prior to **Friday**.
– The update modified the **tags** to redirect to a file that **copied server memory**, searched for credentials, and logged them.
– Numerous repositories utilizing **tj-actions/changed-files** inadvertently revealed their **AWS keys, GitHub Personal Access Tokens (PATs), npm tokens, private RSA keys**, and other critical information.

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## **Mechanics of the Breach**
1. **Unauthorized Entry:** Attackers gained access to a **tj-actions maintainer’s accounts**.
2. **Malicious Code Insertion:** They changed the **tags** in the repository to lead to a harmful script.
3. **Credential Collection:** The script **gathered credentials** from server memory and logged them.
4. **Public Disclosure:** Numerous repositories using **tj-actions/changed-files** unintentionally **logged their credentials**, granting access to anyone.

### **Factors Contributing to the Attack’s Success:**
– A significant number of GitHub users **trusted tags** over **pinning specific commit hashes**.
– The **malicious update** went undetected immediately, allowing it to propagate.
– Publicly accessible repositories had their credentials exposed to all.

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## **Response to the Breach**
### **Actions Taken by GitHub**
– **Suspended affected accounts** and eliminated harmful content.
– **Restored the repository** after confirming the problem was resolved.
– **Recommended best practices**, including reviewing GitHub Actions prior to updates.

### **Measures Implemented by tj-actions Maintainers**
– The compromised **bot account’s password** was updated.
– The account was secured with a **passkey**, enforcing **two-factor authentication (2FA)**.

### **Discovery of the Breach**
The security firm **StepSecurity** first identified the breach through **anomaly detection**, observing unusual network traffic. The incident was later validated by **Wiz**, which discovered that **dozens of repositories** had been affected.

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## **Takeaways & Recommended Practices**
This breach emphasizes the **security risks** associated with **open-source supply chains**. Developers and organizations must implement **stronger security measures** to avert similar events.

### **How to Safeguard Your Repositories**
1. **Pin Specific Commit Hashes**
– Rather than referencing **tags**, utilize **commit hashes** to guarantee you’re utilizing a **verified** version of an action.

2. **Conduct Regular Dependency Audits**
– Review **GitHub Actions** and other dependencies before updates.
– Employ tools like **Dependabot** to identify security vulnerabilities.

3. **Activate Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)**
– Safeguard **maintainer accounts** with **passkeys or hardware security keys**.

4. **Monitor Logs for Irregularities**
– Employ **log monitoring tools** to identify **unexpected credential exposures**.

5. **Restrict Repository Access**
– Limit **GitHub Actions** from accessing **sensitive environment variables**.

6. **Utilize Secrets Management Solutions**
– Securely store credentials using **GitHub Secrets, HashiCorp Vault, or AWS Secrets Manager**.

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## **Final Thoughts**
The **tj-actions/changed-files** breach serves as a **wake-up call** for developers and organizations that depend on **open-source software**. Supply-chain breaches are becoming increasingly **complex**, and **robust security practices** are vital to prevent **credential theft** and **data breaches**. By **pinning commit hashes, enabling 2FA, auditing dependencies, and monitoring logs**, organizations can **mitigate their risks** and **secure their software supply chains**.

For additional guidance, consult security reports from **StepSecurity**, **Wiz**, and **Semgrep**.

A Sneak Peek Behind the Curtains of *The Electric State*

# **The Electric State: A Sci-Fi Journey Realized by the Russo Brothers**

## **Introduction**
Anthony and Joe Russo, the innovative directors behind *Avengers: Endgame*, have ventured once again into the realm of science fiction with their newest film, *The Electric State*. Based on the graphic novel created by Swedish artist and designer Simon Stålenhag, the film depicts a dystopian alternate version of 1990s America, where humans and robots exist side by side in a war-torn landscape. Featuring a distinctive visual aesthetic, a captivating narrative, and a prominent cast, *The Electric State* offers a cinematic adventure that fuses nostalgia with forward-thinking storytelling.

## **A Tale of Survival and Exploration**
At its heart, *The Electric State* chronicles the journey of a young girl, Michelle (portrayed by Millie Bobby Brown), who sets out on a nationwide quest alongside her robotic companion, Cosmo (voiced by Alan Tudyk). Her goal? To locate her missing genius brother, Christopher (Woody Norman), while staying one step ahead of a relentless federal agent (Giancarlo Esposito). Throughout their adventure, Michelle and Cosmo build an unexpected partnership with a smuggler named Keats (Chris Pratt) and his witty robot sidekick, Herman (Anthony Mackie).

The film showcases an array of quirky and unforgettable robot characters, such as Mr. Peanut (Woody Harrelson), Popfly (Brian Cox), Penny Pal (Jenny Slate), Perplex (Hank Azaria), Garbage Bot (Billy Gardell), and Mrs. Scissors (Susan Leslie). Meanwhile, the villain, Ethan Skate (Stanley Tucci), is the architect of Christopher’s disappearance and has dark schemes that Michelle must unravel.

## **A Distinctive Visual Style**
Although Stålenhag’s original illustrations are celebrated for their eerie, desolate landscapes, the Russo brothers chose to embrace a more vibrant 1990s visual style. This choice elicited mixed responses from fans of the graphic novel, but Stålenhag himself commended the adaptation, asserting that the film effectively embodied the spirit of his original ideas.

The film’s production designer, Dennis Gassner, was instrumental in defining the movie’s visual character. With an impressive portfolio that includes *Blade Runner 2049*, *Skyfall*, and *The Truman Show*, Gassner utilized his talents to construct over 100 distinct sets and a variety of original robot characters. His philosophy? “When in doubt, make it beautiful.”

## **Bringing Robots to Reality**
A particularly intriguing element of *The Electric State* is its eclectic cast of robots, each embodying unique traits and emotional journeys. The Russo brothers aimed for the robots to resonate authentically with the alternate 1990s backdrop while retaining familiarity. As Joe Russo articulated, the designs drew inspiration from retro commercials, shopping centers, and corporate branding.

Gassner and his team created around 175 robots, diligently selecting those that best suited the narrative. The most significant challenge was designing Cosmo, Michelle’s robotic friend. In the graphic novel, Cosmo has an oversized head, which posed practical difficulties for a real-world robot. To address this, the team modified the proportions and integrated piston armatures to stabilize the head. Even Stålenhag was impressed, remarking that Cosmo’s movements matched his vision precisely.

## **Innovative Set Construction**
The film’s sets were painstakingly designed to embody the universe of *The Electric State*. The headquarters of Sentre Technologies, the film’s malevolent corporation, exhibits a brutalist and sterile appearance, while Keats’ hideout is filled with nostalgic artifacts from the 1980s and 1990s. One of the standout locations was the neglected Blue Sky Acres Mall near Atlanta, which served as a refuge for the misplaced robots. The production crew converted old storefronts into functional areas, including a pizza oven transformed into a metal recycling facility and a juice bar repurposed as a charging station.

## **A Fusion of Practical and Digital Visuals**
Though CGI was fundamental in animating the robots, the filmmakers also integrated practical effects whenever feasible. Roboticist Dennis Hong from UCLA even constructed a working version of Cosmo for promotional showcases. His team developed a novel actuator type that simulates artificial muscles, enabling the robot to move in a realistic manner.

## **Conclusion**
*The Electric State* is a visually captivating and emotionally resonant sci-fi journey that delves into themes of technology, human relationships, and survival. With its intriguing characters, stunning production design, and a blend of humor and heart, the film is essential viewing for enthusiasts of both science fiction and nostalgic narratives.

Now available for streaming on Netflix, *The Electric State* invites audiences to embark on a journey through a world where robots and humans must collaborate to unveil the truth. Whether you’re a long-time admirer of the original graphic novel or a newcomer to Stålenhag’s universe, this

Biohybrid Robotic Hand Created Utilizing Human Muscle Cells

# **Biohybrid Robots: The Promise of Cyborg Technology?**

The combination of biological and synthetic elements in robotics has long captivated the imaginations of scientists and engineers. Biohybrid robots, which merge living tissues with artificial materials, represent a thrilling progression toward this goal. Nevertheless, in spite of notable advancements, the technology still confronts significant hurdles. A recent development from researchers at Tokyo University underscores both the prospects and the constraints of biohybrid robotics.

## **What Are Biohybrid Robots?**

Biohybrid robots blend biological components—like muscles, plant tissues, or even fungi—with synthetic frameworks. These robots aim to leverage the inherent efficiency, adaptability, and flexibility of biological materials while enjoying the precision and durability offered by artificial substances.

However, a primary challenge in biohybrid robotics is maintaining the vitality and functionality of the biological segments. Up to this point, most biohybrid robots have been small and uncomplicated, generally measuring no more than a few centimeters, with limited movement capabilities.

## **A Breakthrough in Biohybrid Robotics**

A group spearheaded by Professor Shoji Takeuchi at Tokyo University has achieved a notable milestone by crafting a full-sized, 18 cm-long biohybrid robotic hand. This hand, designed to replicate human anatomy, is powered by lab-cultivated human muscles. The research signifies a pivotal advancement in scaling biohybrid robots.

### **The Challenge of Keeping Muscles Alive**

One significant barrier in the creation of larger biohybrid robots is necrosis, the decay of cells resulting from inadequate oxygen and nutrition. In living organisms, blood vessels carry these vital resources to muscle tissues. However, lab-cultivated muscles do not possess these vascular systems, making it challenging to sustain them when they exceed a certain thickness.

To address this, Takeuchi’s team devised an innovative method: **MuMuTAs (Multiple Muscle Tissue Actuators)**. These are cylindrical clusters of muscle fibers made by rolling thin muscle sheets—analogous to preparing sushi rolls. This approach guarantees that all muscle cells receive sufficient oxygen and nutrients, preventing necrosis.

## **How the Biohybrid Hand Works**

The robotic hand created by Takeuchi’s team features five fingers, each with three joints. The hand is constructed from 3D-printed plastic and is kept in a liquid medium to maintain muscle vitality.

Each finger is operated by a MuMuTA, which contracts in response to electrical impulses. The intensity of the contraction can be adjusted by changing the applied voltage. By selectively activating different MuMuTAs, the hand can execute a range of gestures, including those used in the rock-paper-scissors game. It can also handle small items, such as a pipette.

## **Limitations and Challenges**

Despite its achievements, the biohybrid hand presents several limitations:

1. **One-Way Movement** – The fingers are capable of moving solely in one direction. In human hands, opposing muscles work collaboratively to enable fingers to move back and forth. The robotic hand depends on the buoyancy of the liquid medium to restore fingers to their initial position. A possible remedy is to introduce elastic materials at the joints or integrate additional MuMuTAs for bidirectional mobility.

2. **Dependence on Liquid Suspension** – The hand is incapable of operating outside a liquid environment. Future improvements must incorporate artificial nutrient delivery systems to sustain the muscles in dry conditions.

3. **Muscle Fatigue** – The biohybrid muscles fatigue rapidly. After approximately 10 minutes of usage, the hand requires an hour of rest before regaining functionality. This occurs because lab-grown muscles are notably weaker than natural human muscles.

## **The Future of Biohybrid Robotics**

One potential solution for muscle fatigue is **exercise**. Just as natural muscles strengthen and resist fatigue through repeated use, lab-grown muscles may also improve with regular contractions. An additional approach could involve utilizing chemical growth factors to boost muscle strength.

Although biohybrid robotics remains in its nascent phase, the endeavors of Takeuchi and his team represent a significant leap forward. If researchers can surmount the current challenges, biohybrid robots may transform domains such as prosthetics, medical robotics, and even space exploration.

For the time being, the aspiration for fully functional cyborg technology remains an aspiration. However, with ongoing research and innovation, the boundary between biology and robotics may soon become even more indistinct.

### **Reference:**
Takeuchi’s research on biohybrid robotic hands is published in *Science Robotics*:

Africa Makes Significant Investments in Solar Mini-Grids to Enhance Climate Adaptation and Improve Livelihoods

# **Nigeria’s Solar Mini-Grids: A Blueprint for Africa’s Energy Future**

## **Introduction**
Nigeria is at the forefront of developing small, off-grid solar panel systems, presenting a sustainable and economically feasible solution to the country’s persistent electricity issues. With almost half of its 230 million citizens lacking dependable electricity, Nigeria is adopting solar mini-grids to fill the energy void. These compact installations are not only making power more affordable but also revitalizing local economies and serving as a model for other African countries.

## **The Energy Crisis in Rural Nigeria**
For many years, numerous rural Nigerian areas have depended on kerosene lamps and diesel generators for their electricity needs. In villages such as Mbiabet Esieyere and Mbiabet Udouba, located in southern Nigeria, the absence of a national grid connection left residents with limited access to modern amenities. In 2021, a renewable energy firm, Prado Power, proposed the installation of a solar mini-grid in the area. Initially met with doubt, the project quickly demonstrated its value when, in 2022, households were illuminated with reliable electricity for the first time.

## **Why Opt for Solar Mini-Grids?**
Currently, solar power accounts for only about 3% of Africa’s overall electricity generation, even though the continent enjoys some of the highest sunshine levels globally. By comparison, Germany generates nearly 12% of its electricity from solar sources, while the United States obtains about 6%. The sluggish uptake of solar energy in Africa can be attributed to high initial costs and financing obstacles. However, mini-grids present a viable solution, particularly in remote regions where extending the national grid would be excessively costly.

### **Key Advantages of Solar Mini-Grids:**
1. **Cost-Effectiveness** – Mini-grids deliver electricity at a fraction of the price of diesel generators.
2. **Reliability** – Unlike the national grid, which often experiences outages, mini-grids provide stable power.
3. **Economic Advancement** – Reliable electricity boosts businesses and agricultural ventures.
4. **Environmental Preservation** – Solar energy diminishes reliance on fossil fuels, thereby reducing carbon emissions.

## **Nigeria’s Leadership in Mini-Grid Innovation**
Nigeria has emerged as a frontrunner in mini-grid innovation through strategic policies and investment incentives. The nation has deployed nearly 120 mini-grids, supplying power to around 50,000 households and impacting about 250,000 individuals. Energy expert Rolake Akinkugbe-Filani notes that Nigeria is a “poster child for mini-grid development throughout Africa.”

### **Policy and Investment Initiatives**
– **Regulatory Framework** – In 2016, Nigeria’s Electricity Regulatory Commission established legal guidelines to promote mini-grid development.
– **Financial Backing** – Entities such as the World Bank and the Rockefeller Foundation have extended funding to mitigate investment risks.
– **Removal of Fuel Subsidies** – The government’s choice to eliminate fuel subsidies has enhanced the attractiveness of solar power.

## **Transforming Lives and Enterprises**
The influence of mini-grids transcends mere electricity provision. In Mbiabet, businesses have thrived, and daily living standards have notably improved.

### **Case Study: Mbiabet Community**
– **Barbershops and Small Enterprises** – Local business owners, such as 18-year-old Christian Aniefiok Asuquo, have witnessed significant cost reductions. Previously, he spent $1.20 daily on generator fuel; now, his electricity bill is just $2 per month.
– **Agricultural Progress** – A newly established agro-processing hub enables cassava farmers to process their produce efficiently, increasing their earnings five times.
– **Enhanced Safety** – Women in the area feel more secure at night thanks to well-lit streets and homes.

## **Obstacles and Solutions**
Despite the successes of mini-grids, various challenges persist.

### **1. Elevated Initial Costs**
– **Solution:** International organizations provide grants and subsidies to lower upfront expenses.

### **2. Maintenance and Sustainability**
– **Solution:** Training local technicians guarantees long-term maintenance and decreases dependence on external support.

### **3. Financial Hurdles**
– **Solution:** Lowering interest rates and encouraging local banks to fund mini-grid projects can enhance financing accessibility.

## **Scaling Up Across the Continent**
Nigeria’s achievements with mini-grids are motivating other African nations. Countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, and Senegal are investing in similar initiatives. The United Nations Development Program is collaborating with 21 African nations to broaden mini-grid adoption.

### **Key Recommendations for Expansion:**
1. **Lower Import Tariffs** – Reducing tariffs on solar panels can enhance project affordability.
2. **Boost International Financing** – Wealthier countries should contribute more to Africa’s renewable energy transition.
3. **Promote Private Sector Investments** – Local financial institutions and businesses should be incentivized to invest in mini-grids.

## **Conclusion**
Nigeria’s solar mini-grid initiative is a transformative approach for rural electrification across Africa.

“The Wheel of Time Makes Its Comeback for Season 3 – Weekly Summaries Accessible”

# **The Wheel of Time Season 3: An In-Depth Look at Amazon’s Adaptation**

## **Introduction**
Amazon Prime’s rendering of *The Wheel of Time* has sparked extensive conversations among aficionados of Robert Jordan’s cherished fantasy universe. With the debut of *Season 3*, the series continues to depart from its original material while preserving the core of the monumental tale. Longtime readers Andrew Cunningham and Lee Hutchinson return to examine the newest season, providing insights, humor, and speculations regarding the trajectory of the adaptation.

## **A Recap of the Journey Thus Far**
Cunningham and Hutchinson have kept a close watch on *The Wheel of Time*, having recapped each episode of *Season 1* and *Season 2*. As *Season 3* progresses, they now delve into the significant plot twists, character developments, and the creative decisions made in the adaptation.

The third season commences with a three-episode debut, launched on March 13, 2025, for Amazon Prime viewers. This season chiefly adapts *The Shadow Rising*, the fourth installment in the series, while weaving in aspects from other volumes.

## **The Show’s Growth**
### **A More Defined Narrative Path**
One of the most notable points from the premiere is how the series has finally discovered its rhythm. Cunningham remarks that the production has achieved a confident pace, harmonizing thrilling action with significant character moments. The cast has come together seamlessly, and the showrunners have made clear-cut decisions regarding what to adapt and what to leave out.

Hutchinson likens this evolution to *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, which solidified its identity during its third season. The pace and storytelling techniques have matured, granting it a feel of greater cohesion and engagement.

### **Key Plot Developments**
– **Rand al’Thor’s Quest**: Rand, portrayed by Josha Stradowski, is determined to unite the Aiel, the “People of the Dragon,” before traveling to Tear to seize Callandor, the famed *Sword That is Not a Sword*. This represents a significant divergence from the original books, where events in Tear precede the Aiel tale.
– **Aes Sedai and White Tower Schemes**: Egwene and Elayne experience their Accepted trials, while Nynaeve and Elayne navigate the political intrigues within the White Tower. The presence of the Black Ajah intensifies, leading to dramatic confrontations.
– **The Forsaken’s Role**: Various Forsaken make appearances, such as Lanfear, Moghedien, and Rahvin (in disguise as Gaebril). Their manipulations inject added tension into the narrative.
– **Perrin’s Return to the Two Rivers**: Perrin sets off on a homeward journey, discovering that changes have occurred in his absence. His storyline is projected to delve into his role as a leader and his link to the wolves.
– **Mat’s Transformation**: Mat Cauthon, depicted by Dónal Finn, continues his evolution, highlighting his combat abilities and mysterious ties to ancient prophecies.

## **Character Spotlights**
### **Rand al’Thor’s Challenges**
While Rand remains the series’ focal character, his presence in the premiere feels less prominent. Cunningham notes that this aligns with the books, where Rand’s viewpoint is often overshadowed by other characters. Nevertheless, his journey remains vital to the overarching narrative.

### **The Forsaken’s Influence**
The Forsaken stand out as a significant factor in the season. Lanfear, played by Natasha O’Keeffe, captivates audiences with her commanding aura. The introduction of Moghedien, along with her unsettling capability to create Gray Men, adds a spine-chilling layer to the show. Rahvin’s manipulation of Queen Morgase and her court is another highlight, displaying the insidious impact of the Forsaken.

### **Elaida’s Introduction**
Shohreh Aghdashloo’s depiction of Elaida do Avriny a’Roihan is an appealing addition. Fans of *The Expanse* will admire Aghdashloo’s commanding presence, establishing Elaida as a formidable player within the White Tower.

## **Deviations from the Books**
The show continues to make substantial departures from the original material, some of which have garnered positive responses:
– **Rearrangement of Events**: Prioritizing *The Shadow Rising* before fully exploring *The Dragon Reborn* allows for a constructively streamlined narrative.
– **Character Evolution**: The series highlights emotional complexity, as characters communicate openly and form significant bonds. This stands in stark contrast to the books, where many characters grapple with emotional restraint.
– **LGBTQ+ Representation**: The adaptation embraces the subtext present in the books, rendering relationships such as that of Elayne and Aviendha more explicit.
– **Representation of the Black Ajah**: The show leans

Unforeseen Speed Boost in SNES Hardware and Its Effects

# The Concealed Weakness in SNES Hardware: How Inexpensive APU Resonators Impact Performance

## Introduction

The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) is frequently viewed as one of the most dependable gaming consoles ever produced. Yet, recent investigations by the TASBot community have uncovered an unexpected flaw in its hardware: the employment of low-cost ceramic resonators in the Audio Processing Unit (APU). These components, anticipated to deliver a consistent clock rate, have instead caused discrepancies that influence gameplay accuracy, especially for speedrunners and tool-assisted speedruns (TAS).

## The Function of the APU in SNES Performance

The SNES APU is tasked with audio processing and synchronization with the console’s CPU. According to Nintendo’s official documents, the APU is designed to operate at a fixed frequency of **24,576 Hz**, with the corresponding Digital Signal Processor (DSP) sample rate at **32,000 Hz**. Ideally, this should guarantee that all SNES units perform uniformly under identical conditions.

However, TASBot researchers have found that the actual clock rate of the APU can fluctuate marginally due to elements such as **temperature, system age, and slight physical differences** in the ceramic resonators utilized in the hardware. This fluctuation results in minor yet notable discrepancies in how games perform on various SNES systems.

## The Effect on Speedrunning and TASBot

For casual gamers, the APU timing problem might merely lead to **slightly modified in-game music pitch**. However, for speedrunners and TASBot operators, these irregularities pose significant hurdles.

TASBot, a robotic system crafted to execute frame-perfect inputs on authentic hardware, depends on **accurate timing** to flawlessly reproduce tool-assisted speedruns (TAS). Nevertheless, due to the **unreliable clock speed of the SNES APU**, TASBot often faces **desynchronization challenges**, leading to failed inputs or unforeseen outcomes.

Allan “dwangoAC” Cecil, a prominent TASBot researcher, asserts that the issue is **”constant, pervasive, and unavoidable.”** The unpredictable fluctuations in APU timing imply that even if a speedrun functions seamlessly in an emulator, it may not perform identically on a genuine SNES console.

## Exploring the APU Clock Variability

To gain better insight into the scope of the problem, Cecil executed an **informal online survey** where SNES owners were asked to gauge their console’s DSP clock speed. The findings were enlightening:

– The **average DSP clock speed** noted was **32,078 Hz**, considerably higher than Nintendo’s official specification of **32,000 Hz**.
– The **slowest and fastest DSPs** recorded during the survey displayed a **234 Hz difference**, or roughly **0.7% variation**.
– Temperature shifts had a **minimal effect**, yielding only an **8 Hz increase** on average between cold and warm consoles.

These results indicate that **SNES APUs may be gaining speed over time**, likely due to the deterioration of the ceramic resonators.

## Why Ceramic Resonators Are the Dilemma

In contrast to **quartz crystal oscillators**, which are widely employed in electronics for their **high precision and stability**, ceramic resonators are **more economical but less dependable**. Over time, they are known to **deteriorate**, resulting in **slight but quantifiable clock speed discrepancies**.

Moreover, documents concerning the **Ceralock ceramic resonators** utilized in the SNES APU suggest that **temperature can influence their effectiveness**, indicating that a console’s APU might operate marginally faster as it heats up.

## Efforts to Resolve the Issue

To tackle the problem, Cecil swapped the **ceramic resonator in his SNES APU for a more precise quartz variant**, hoping this would restore flawless synchronization. However, the outcomes were **not as anticipated**. Even with an accurate quartz oscillator, the SNES still demonstrated **unexpected timing inconsistencies**.

Further investigation by **Rasteri**, another member of the TASBot team, indicates that the **SNES reset circuit** introduces extra randomness. Each time the console powers up, the **CPU and APU clocks begin at slightly different positions in their synchronization cycle**, resulting in **unpredictable timing fluctuations**.

## The Outlook for SNES Speedrunning

For speedrunners and TASBot developers, these revelations pose a considerable challenge. While **emulators can be modified** to address the real-world discrepancies in SNES hardware, achieving perfect **frame-accurate synchronization on actual consoles remains challenging**.

Despite these difficulties, Cecil and the TASBot team are dedicated to **understanding and alleviating** the SNES’s timing inconsistencies. Their research not only illuminates the **concealed flaws of retro gaming hardware** but also emphasizes the **complexity of attaining true hardware accuracy** in speedrunning.

## Conclusion

The identification of **APU clock variability in the SNES** presents a captivating

Crew-10 Takes Off, Facilitating Butch and Suni’s Journey Back to Earth

# **Crew-10 Launch Sets Stage for Crew-9’s Much-Anticipated Homecoming**

A Falcon 9 rocket executed a successful launch of four astronauts into orbit on Friday night, marking the official kickoff of the **Crew-10 mission** to the International Space Station (ISS). While all crewed launches hold significance, this particular mission is especially crucial—it paves the way for **NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams** to finally make their return to Earth following an unforeseen nine-month sojourn in space.

## **A Seamless Launch Following Initial Postponement**
The Crew-10 launch took place two days later than initially scheduled. A **hydraulic problem** with the ground systems at **Launch Complex 39A in Florida** compelled NASA and SpaceX to cancel the original attempt on Wednesday. However, the launch on Friday occurred without any technical complications, and in clear weather, the four astronauts—**NASA’s Anne McClain and Nichole Ayers, Japanese astronaut Takuya Onishi, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Kirill Peskov**—smoothly ascended into orbit.

If everything goes as planned, their **Crew Dragon spacecraft** is set to dock with the ISS at **11:30 PM ET on Saturday**, where they will spend around **six months** engaged in scientific exploration and station upkeep.

## **Crew-9’s Extended, Unforeseen Tenure**
Once Crew-10 reaches the ISS, they will partake in a **handover ceremony** with the **Crew-9 astronauts**, including Wilmore and Williams. This exchange will allow Crew-9 to **leave as early as Wednesday, March 19**, contingent on favorable weather for their **splashdown off the Florida coast**.

Wilmore and Williams had initially anticipated a stay of just **eight days in space** after launching on **Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft on June 5, 2024**. Nonetheless, their mission took an unexpected twist due to **technical difficulties with Starliner**, such as **thruster malfunctions and helium leaks**. Eventually, NASA determined that Starliner would return to Earth **uncrewed**, leaving Wilmore and Williams to remain aboard the ISS for several additional months beyond what was planned.

## **Chronology of Delays and Political Issues**
The Crew-9 mission has been characterized by a series of delays and political controversies:

– **June 5, 2024** – Wilmore and Williams launch aboard Starliner, but the spacecraft suffers from **thruster malfunctions and helium leaks**.
– **August 2024** – NASA reveals that **Starliner will return uncrewed** due to ongoing technical failures.
– **September 2024** – Crew-9 launches with **only two astronauts** (NASA’s Nick Hague and Russia’s Aleksandr Gorbunov) rather than a full complement.
– **October 2024 – March 2025** – Wilmore and Williams remain on the ISS, extending their mission from **eight days to over eight months**.
– **February 2025** – SpaceX faces a **Crew Dragon development challenge**, postponing Crew-9’s return by another month.
– **February 2025** – **Elon Musk and former President Donald Trump politicize** Wilmore and Williams’ prolonged stay, wrongly asserting they were “stranded” due to NASA mismanagement.
– **March 2025** – NASA officials **dispute Musk’s assertions**, confirming that the astronauts were never in peril.

## **What Lies Ahead?**
With Crew-10 now en route to the ISS, attention turns to **Crew-9’s return**. NASA has yet to disclose official plans for their **arrival in Houston**, but there’s speculation that a **ceremony with White House officials, possibly including President Trump**, could occur.

Though Wilmore and Williams’ journey has stretched far beyond expectations, their return will signify the conclusion of one of the most **surprising and politically charged** space missions in recent memory.

—
Stay tuned for more updates regarding Crew-9’s return and the developments of Crew-10’s mission aboard the ISS. 🚀

“Measles Cases in the US Reach Highest Level in 5 Years as Outbreak Spreads to 15 States, Featuring Increasing Cluster in Texas”

# **Resurgence of Measles in the US: An Escalating Public Health Issue**

## **Introduction**
Measles, which was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000, is experiencing a concerning resurgence. In the initial three months of 2025, the nation has documented over 300 cases, exceeding the annual totals of each year since 2019. This revival is primarily fueled by an outbreak in a county with low vaccination rates in West Texas, which has now spread to New Mexico and Oklahoma. The escalating case numbers have raised alarms among health officials, who are apprehensive that the US might again be at risk of forfeiting its measles elimination status.

## **The Present Measles Outbreak**
As of March 14, Texas has documented **259 cases** across 11 counties, resulting in **34 hospitalizations** and **one death**—a six-year-old girl who was unvaccinated. New Mexico has seen **35 cases**, which include **two hospitalizations** and **one death** involving an unvaccinated adult. Oklahoma has reported **two suspected cases** tied to the outbreak.

In addition to these states, **12 others** have confirmed at least one measles case since the start of the year, including:
– **Alaska**
– **California**
– **Florida**
– **Georgia**
– **Kentucky**
– **Maryland**
– **New Jersey**
– **New York**
– **Pennsylvania**
– **Rhode Island**
– **Vermont**
– **Washington**

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has verified **301 cases** as of March 13, with further cases reported in Texas and New Mexico.

## **What Is Causing the Measles Resurgence?**
Measles was declared eliminated in the US in 2000 due to extensive vaccination initiatives. However, since then, outbreaks have emerged due to falling vaccination rates and increased international travel. The years with the highest case numbers post-elimination include:
– **2014** – 667 cases
– **2018** – 381 cases
– **2019** – 1,274 cases (the peak since elimination)

The **COVID-19 pandemic** has further worsened the situation, leading to a decline in routine childhood vaccinations. The percentage of kindergartners immunized against measles has decreased from the **target of 95% to 92.7%**, putting communities at risk for outbreaks.

## **The Worldwide Measles Increase**
Measles is not solely a US issue; it is resurging on a global scale. As per the **World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF**, the **European Region** reported **127,350 measles cases in 2024**, the highest figure since 1997. The two countries most affected were:
– **Romania** – 30,692 cases
– **Kazakhstan** – 28,147 cases

The global uptick in cases raises the likelihood of unvaccinated travelers reintroducing the virus to the US, potentially igniting new outbreaks.

## **The Dangers of Measles**
Measles is an extremely contagious virus that spreads via respiratory droplets. It can lead to serious complications, such as:
– **Pneumonia**
– **Encephalitis (swelling of the brain)**
– **Blindness**
– **Death**

The virus is so contagious that **90% of unvaccinated individuals exposed to it will contract the disease**.

## **The Vital Role of Vaccination**
The **Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine** is the most effective method to avoid measles. The CDC advises:
– **First dose** at **12-15 months**
– **Second dose** at **4-6 years**

Two doses of the MMR vaccine are **97% effective** at preventing measles.

## **Conclusion**
The revival of measles in the US serves as a critical alert for public health leaders and communities. With falling vaccination rates and increasing global cases, the threat of widespread outbreaks is rising. To prevent measles from becoming endemic again, **immediate action is essential to enhance vaccination rates and manage outbreaks**.

As WHO’s regional director for Europe, **Hans Kluge**, cautions:
> *”Measles is back, and it’s a wake-up call. Without high vaccination rates, there is no health security.”*

The battle against measles is not over, and maintaining high vaccination coverage is essential to keep this preventable illness under control.