AllYouCanTech

“Apple Chip Flaw Uncovers Gmail, iCloud, and Various Confidential Information to Possible Attacks”

# New Side-Channel Vulnerabilities in Apple Silicon: Unveiling FLOP and SLAP Exploits

Apple’s bespoke A-series and M-series processors, used in its iPhones, iPads, and Macs, have received extensive acclaim for their efficiency and performance. Nevertheless, researchers have recently identified two notable side-channel vulnerabilities—referred to as **FLOP** and **SLAP**—that exploit speculative execution features inherent in these processors. These vulnerabilities could empower unauthorized remote attackers to capture sensitive data, including credit card information, location logs, and email contents, from widely-used browsers such as Safari and Chrome.

This revelation brings forth critical concerns regarding the security of Apple’s hardware and the use of speculative execution as a method for enhancing performance. Below is a comprehensive examination of the vulnerabilities, their ramifications, and possible countermeasures.

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## **What Are Side-Channel Attacks?**

Side-channel attacks take advantage of indirect information leaks from a system—like timing, power usage, or electromagnetic emissions—to deduce confidential information. Unlike conventional exploits that exploit software weaknesses, side-channel attacks are aimed at the hardware itself, rendering them more challenging to detect and alleviate.

The newly identified vulnerabilities in Apple silicon relate to **speculative execution**, a performance-enhancing technique that anticipates the next actions a CPU should undertake for improved speed. While speculative execution has significantly advanced modern computing, it has simultaneously created new attack vectors, as evidenced by previous vulnerabilities like Spectre and Meltdown.

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## **The FLOP and SLAP Vulnerabilities**

### **1. FLOP (Load Value Predictor Exploit)**

FLOP targets the **Load Value Predictor (LVP)**, a speculative execution function introduced in Apple’s M3 and A17 chipsets. The LVP anticipates memory contents that are not readily accessible, enabling the CPU to continue with calculations. However, researchers discovered that the LVP could be deceived into returning incorrect values from memory, allowing attackers to access sensitive data.

#### **Key Features of FLOP:**
– **Extensive Data Access:** FLOP can read any memory address within the browser’s process space, making it more formidable than comparable attacks.
– **Cross-Browser Effect:** FLOP compromises both Safari and Chrome, putting users of either browser at risk of data breaches.
– **Sensitive Data Exposure:** FLOP can retrieve location history from Google Maps, inbox information from Proton Mail, and calendar entries from iCloud Calendar.

#### **Attack Overview:**
To carry out a FLOP attack, the victim must have a legitimate site (e.g., Gmail or iCloud) open in one browser tab while the attacker’s malicious site is open in another. Over a span of 5–10 minutes, the attacker can deploy JavaScript to manipulate the LVP and extract sensitive information.

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### **2. SLAP (Load Address Predictor Exploit)**

SLAP exploits the **Load Address Predictor (LAP)**, another speculative execution feature that anticipates memory locations for quicker data retrieval. By coercing the LAP to predict erroneous memory addresses, SLAP enables attackers to execute unauthorized operations on sensitive data preserved in distinct Safari processes.

#### **Key Features of SLAP:**
– **Safari-Centric:** SLAP is restricted to Safari and does not target Chrome or other browsers.
– **Restricted Data Access:** SLAP can only read strings located adjacent to the attacker’s data, making it less impactful than FLOP.
– **Focused Data Recovery:** SLAP can extract sensitive details from Gmail, Amazon, and Reddit when the victim is logged in.

#### **Attack Overview:**
SLAP necessitates that the victim open a malicious site in Safari while logged into another site, like Gmail or Amazon. The attacker can then retrieve sensitive strings, such as email subject lines, sender identities, and product specifications.

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## **Affected Devices**

The vulnerabilities affect a variety of Apple devices based on the generation of their chipsets:

– **FLOP (A17/M3 and newer):**
– All Mac laptops (MacBook Air, MacBook Pro) from 2022 onwards.
– All Mac desktops (Mac Mini, iMac, Mac Studio, Mac Pro) from 2023 onwards.
– All iPad Pro, Air, and Mini models from September 2021 onward.
– All iPhones from September 2021 onward (iPhone 13, 14, 15, 16, and SE 3rd Gen).

– **SLAP (A15/M2 and newer):**
– Similar range of devices but includes slightly older models.

Devices with **A14/M1 and older chips** are not vulnerable to either issue.

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## **Technical Insights**

### **How FLOP Functions:**
1. The LVP forecasts memory values based on historical patterns.
2. FLOP manipulates the LVP by supplying it with malformed data, prompting it to pass through incorrect values.
3. This enables the attacker to circumvent memory safety checks and access arbitrary

“AI Adversaries Construct Virtual Pitfalls to Bewilder Web Scrapers That Ignore Robots.txt”

### How an Anti-Spam Defense Evolved into an AI Strategy: The Emergence of Tarpits in the Fight Against AI Crawlers

The swift advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced numerous challenges, notably the ethical and technical concerns surrounding data scraping. As AI firms strive to cultivate more advanced models, they have come under fire for aggressively navigating websites, frequently disregarding established guidelines like robots.txt. This has sparked backlash from developers, rights holders, and everyday users who feel taken advantage of by the unchecked data gathering methods employed by AI companies. In retaliation, a fresh array of anti-AI tools has surfaced, with “tarpits” standing out as a defensive measure initially aimed at combating spam, now repurposed to counter AI crawlers.

### The Challenge: AI Crawlers and Data Harvesting

In 2024, AI enterprises such as Anthropic and OpenAI were criticized for their web crawlers, which allegedly ignored robots.txt guidelines and inundated websites with millions of requests daily. These crawlers, intended to collect data for the training of AI models, have become a significant source of annoyance for website owners who incur costs for hosting and bandwidth without receiving compensation or acknowledgment for their content being utilized.

Reddit’s CEO openly denounced AI companies for their “nuisance” crawlers, and other sites like iFixit and Ars Technica echoed similar frustrations. Despite such grievances, AI firms have shown little willingness to amend their approaches, leading some developers to take action themselves.

### Introducing Nepenthes: A Tarpit for AI Crawlers

One such developer, known by the pseudonym “Aaron,” developed a tool named **Nepenthes**, inspired by a carnivorous pitcher plant that ensnares and digests its prey. Nepenthes is a malware variant crafted to ensnare AI crawlers in a perpetual “maze” of static files lacking exit links. Once ensnared, the crawlers are bombarded with nonsensical data, referred to as Markov babble, which could corrupt the AI models learning from the harvested data.

Tarpits like Nepenthes are not an entirely new concept; they were initially crafted as anti-spam measures to squander the efforts and resources of malicious operators. Nonetheless, Aaron’s ingenuity lies in customizing this idea to confront AI crawlers specifically. Nepenthes has demonstrated success against most prominent web crawlers, with OpenAI being the sole entity to devise a workaround to date.

### The Emergence of Tarpits as Anti-AI Tools

Nepenthes has sparked a trend of similar initiatives, such as **Iocaine**, created by software developer Gergely Nagy. Drawing its name from a fictional toxin in *The Princess Bride*, Iocaine employs a reverse proxy to ensnare crawlers in an unending cycle of worthless data. Nagy indicated that implementing Iocaine diminished bot traffic to his site by 94%, mainly targeting AI crawlers.

Other developers, including Marcus Butler, have joined the effort, designing tools like **Quixotic** to contaminate AI training datasets. These utilities have garnered support from various individuals and organizations seeking to safeguard their content from unauthorized scraping activities.

### The Morality and Efficiency of Tarpits

While tarpits present a means for website proprietors to push back against AI crawlers, they are not free from debate. Detractors contend that the use of tarpits can strain servers and heighten energy consumption, potentially worsening the ecological footprint of AI. Aaron refutes this criticism by emphasizing that AI models already demand considerable energy, and any extra load caused by tarpits is a minor cost for resisting exploitation.

Moreover, the long-range viability of tarpits remains in question. AI firms are innovating defenses to identify and filter out tainted data, with many exploring alternative data sources, such as the deep web, to circumvent superficial defenses. Despite these challenges, tarpits signify a symbolic act of defiance against the unchecked expansion of AI.

### The Broader Consequences

The ascendance of tarpits underscores a mounting friction between AI companies and the wider online community. On one end, AI holds the promise of fostering innovation and addressing intricate challenges. Conversely, its progression often infringes upon individual rights and the integrity of online environments.

Tarpits like Nepenthes and Iocaine are part of a broader movement calling for accountability from AI enterprises. By complicating and increasing the costs associated with unauthorized data scraping, these tools aim to nudging the industry toward more ethical standards, such as compensating content creators or obtaining explicit consent for data usage.

### A Call for Action

As AI continues to progress, so too will the strategies employed to resist its encroachment. Developers like Aaron and Nagy regard their efforts as a form of digital advocacy, confronting the idea that AI’s growth is both inevitable and unassailable. Their stance is unmistakable: the internet is not open for unchecked exploitation, and those who aim to take advantage of it must encounter repercussions.

“Privately Engineered Aircraft Reaches Supersonic Speed for the Initial Occasion”

### The Resurgence of Supersonic Air Travel: Boom Supersonic’s Milestone with XB-1

The commercial aviation sector is experiencing a renewed fascination with supersonic flight, a technological wonder that once appeared to be confined to history. On a memorable day in the skies of California, Boom Supersonic’s XB-1 test aircraft shattered the sound barrier, signifying an essential turning point in the aim to bring back supersonic travel for today’s world. This accomplishment not only showcases the possibilities of faster-than-sound travel but also emphasizes the increasing need for innovation within commercial aviation.

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### **Shattering the Sound Barrier: A Landmark Flight**

On a clear Tuesday morning, the XB-1 test vehicle, steered by former US Navy pilot Tristan “Geppetto” Brandenburg, attained Mach 1.122, officially breaching the sound barrier. This landmark was reached during a sequence of three supersonic flights, all concluding with a secure landing at the Mojave Air & Space Port. The flight marked the end of years of efforts by Boom Supersonic, a company established ten years ago with the ambitious mission of making supersonic commercial air travel a reality.

Blake Scholl, the founder and CEO of Boom Supersonic, celebrated the successful outcome, remarking, “A dedicated and talented team of engineers has achieved what once required vast government resources and billions in funding.” Certainly, this milestone signifies a remarkable advancement, realized with a mere fraction of the investments that fueled past supersonic projects like the Concorde.

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### **A Gateway to the Future: The Overture Aircraft**

The XB-1 is not merely an isolated success; it acts as a one-third scale technological showcase for Boom’s broader ambition: the Overture aircraft. Intended to be a commercial supersonic passenger plane, Overture is designed to cruise at Mach 1.7 and achieve a maximum speed of Mach 2.2. With a range of 4,500 miles (7,200 km) and the capacity to carry 55 passengers, Overture aspires to transform air travel by significantly cutting flight durations.

The Overture initiative draws inspiration from earlier models such as the Concorde and the Soviet Tupolev Tu-144, which were pioneering during their era but ultimately did not achieve economic sustainability. By utilizing advancements in materials, aerodynamics, and propulsion technologies, Boom Supersonic aims to tackle the hurdles that hindered prior supersonic crafts and ensure that high-speed travel is both eco-friendly and economically viable.

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### **The Importance of the XB-1 Flight**

The successful supersonic flight of the XB-1 transcends mere technical accomplishment; it embodies a proof of concept for the innovations that will drive Overture. The demonstrator features state-of-the-art technologies such as carbon-fiber composites, digital stability enhancement, and advanced supersonic intakes. These innovations are vital for meeting the performance, efficiency, and safety benchmarks essential for commercial operations.

However, Overture’s propulsion system will be distinct from the XB-1’s. Boom is crafting a new engine called Symphony, in partnership with various collaborators, including Florida Turbine Technologies, GE Additive, and StandardAero. This custom-designed engine aims to be sustainable and cost-effective, aligning with the industry’s broader movement towards environmentally friendly aviation solutions.

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### **Increasing Demand for Supersonic Travel**

The commercial air travel market appears poised for a supersonic renaissance. Boom Supersonic has already obtained 130 orders and pre-orders for the Overture aircraft from prominent airlines, including American Airlines, United Airlines, and Japan Airlines. This level of enthusiasm highlights the market’s demand for quicker travel options, especially on long-haul routes where time savings can have a significant impact.

To cater to this need, Boom completed the construction of its Overture “Superfactory” in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 2024. The facility aims to scale production to 66 aircraft annually, with initial deliveries anticipated before the decade concludes. If successful, Overture could transform our perceptions of air travel, making supersonic speeds accessible to a larger demographic.

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### **Obstacles and the Journey Ahead**

While the XB-1’s flight is an important achievement, the road to commercializing supersonic travel is laden with challenges. Regulatory issues, ecological concerns, and the high costs tied to creating and operating supersonic aircraft remain significant barriers. Boom Supersonic will need to confront these challenges directly to secure the feasibility of its vision.

One of the most urgent issues is the environmental footprint of supersonic travel. In the past, supersonic jets have faced criticism for their excessive fuel consumption and noise pollution, especially the sonic booms produced during flight. Boom is striving to alleviate these concerns through the implementation of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) and cutting-edge noise-reduction solutions.

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### **The Outlook for Sup

States Assert Exemption from Medicaid Program After Trump Administration Funding Halt

### Trump Administration’s Federal Assistance Suspension Triggers Medicaid Emergency Nationally

In a development that has shaken the U.S. healthcare framework, the Trump administration has imposed a broad suspension of federal funding, resulting in states losing access to Medicaid—a critical program that offers vital health coverage to tens of millions of low-income Americans. The sudden suspension, communicated through a memo from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) on January 27, has sparked significant alarm regarding the immediate and future effects on at-risk populations.

#### **The Funding Suspension: A Political Maneuver**
The memo, penned by Acting OMB Director Matthew Vaeth, delineates the administration’s decision to suspend federal assistance programs deemed misaligned with President Trump’s political agenda. Specifically, the suspension targets what the administration labels as “Marxist equity, transgenderism, and green new deal social engineering policies.” Federal agencies have been mandated to halt all fund disbursement activities while embarking on a thorough evaluation of their programs.

“To the extent permissible under applicable law, Federal agencies must temporarily pause all activities related to obligation or disbursement of all Federal financial assistance,” the memo asserts. This suspension has been described as a step to guarantee that federal resources are allocated in accordance with the administration’s ideological perspective.

#### **Immediate Consequences for Medicaid**
Medicaid, a collaborative federal-state initiative that offers health coverage to low-income individuals, has been among the first to suffer from the funding suspension. Illinois was the first state to announce a loss of access to Medicaid funding, with resources cut off sooner than expected. As reported by the Chicago Sun-Times, Illinois Medicaid served about 3.9 million residents in 2023, encompassing children, pregnant women, and individuals with disabilities.

By Tuesday afternoon, it was confirmed that all 50 states had been shut out of Medicaid portals. Senator Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) took to the social media platform Bluesky to highlight the extensive disruption, declaring, “This is a blatant attempt to rip away healthcare from millions of Americans overnight and will get people killed.” Likewise, Senator Chris Murphy (D-Conn.) indicated that Connecticut’s Medicaid payment system had been rendered inactive, preventing healthcare providers from receiving payments and raising concerns regarding the continuity of care.

#### **Medicaid’s Extensive Reach**
Medicaid serves as a foundational element of the U.S. healthcare system, delivering coverage to over 79 million individuals as of October 2024. This includes more than 37 million children, who represent nearly half of Medicaid’s beneficiaries. The program also funds essential services such as prenatal care, nursing facility care, and healthcare for those with disabilities. A 2023 analysis by the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) revealed that Medicaid financed 41% of U.S. births, nearly half of all children with special healthcare needs, and 5 out of 8 nursing home inhabitants.

The suspension has positioned millions of Americans precariously, with states urgently attempting to manage the abrupt loss of federal assistance. Healthcare providers, including physicians and hospitals, are now uncertain about their capacity to keep offering services without reimbursement.

#### **Mixed Signals from the White House**
While the White House has claimed that mandatory programs like Medicaid and SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) would remain unaffected by the funding suspension, the reality contrasts sharply. During a press briefing, White House spokesperson Karoline Leavitt was queried about the impact on Medicaid and whether beneficiaries could be assured of consistent healthcare access. Leavitt replied, “I’ll check back on that and get back to you,” providing little comfort to the millions of Americans depending on the program.

#### **Political and Humanitarian Consequences**
Critics have denounced the funding suspension as a politically charged action that jeopardizes the health and welfare of countless individuals. Senator Wyden and other legislators have cautioned about severe repercussions, including the potential loss of lives, if Medicaid access is not swiftly reinstated. The suspension has also triggered broader worries about the administration’s intent to leverage federal funding as a means of enforcing ideological uniformity, potentially threatening the safety net programs crucial to millions of Americans.

#### **What Lies Ahead?**
As states contend with the immediate repercussions, the long-term effects of the funding suspension remain ambiguous. Advocacy organizations, healthcare practitioners, and state officials are urging prompt measures to restore Medicaid funding and guarantee that vulnerable populations are not deprived of critical healthcare services. Meanwhile, the administration’s order to reassess federal programs for ideological consistency raises concerns about the future viability of other safety net initiatives and federal aid programs.

For the time being, the suspension has initiated a healthcare crisis of unprecedented magnitude, leaving millions of Americans in uncertain circumstances and underscoring the delicate equilibrium between federal policy and the necessities of the nation’s most at-risk citizens. Whether the administration will reconsider its position or persist with its directive remains to be determined, but the implications are profoundly significant for the millions dependent on Medicaid for their health and security.

“Senator Ted Cruz Rejects Plan to Offer Wi-Fi Hotspots for Students”

### Ted Cruz Opposes FCC Hotspot Lending Initiative, Raising Issues Regarding Parental Rights and Online Safety

In a development that has ignited considerable discussion, Senator Ted Cruz (R-Texas), leading the Senate Commerce Committee, has put forth a Congressional Review Act (CRA) resolution intended to repeal a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulation permitting schools and libraries to lend Wi-Fi hotspots to students and users requiring assistance. Cruz contends that the initiative, which was established to tackle the digital gap and support students in completing homework, introduces dangers to children’s internet safety, encroaches on parental rights, and may suppress exposure to conservative perspectives.

### The FCC’s Hotspot Lending Initiative

The FCC’s hotspot lending initiative, sanctioned in July 2024 under the leadership of then-Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel, broadens the E-Rate program, which conventionally aids schools and libraries in obtaining low-cost broadband access. The updated regulation permits the use of E-Rate funds for providing Wi-Fi hotspots and associated services to students, school staff, and library visitors for off-campus utilization. The FCC justified this initiative by asserting that it would assist in bridging the “homework gap” for students lacking dependable internet access at home, allowing them to finish assignments, engage in virtual classrooms, and participate in various educational pursuits.

The FCC mandate highlighted that the initiative is consistent with its legal obligation to enhance access to advanced telecommunications services for educational institutions and libraries. It also noted that the program would operate within the current E-Rate budget, which has regularly not met its annual funding ceiling of $4.94 billion.

### Cruz’s Objections

Senator Cruz and his Republican peers have expressed multiple concerns regarding the FCC’s initiative. In an announcement, Cruz stated that the effort unlawfully broadens the FCC’s power as outlined in the Communications Act, which he asserts restricts Universal Service Fund (USF) support to “classrooms.” He also voiced worries about the risks of unchecked internet access, which he believes may expose minors to unsuitable content and transfer control of internet access from parents to educational institutions.

Cruz further claimed that the initiative could suppress conservative viewpoints, asserting, “The government ought not to be complicit in harming students or hindering parents’ capacity to determine what their children view by underwriting unsupervised access to inappropriate content.” He also criticized the initiative for not implementing means-testing to verify that hotspots are given exclusively to those who genuinely require them, and for potentially overlapping with existing broadband subsidies.

### Support and Dissent

Cruz’s resolution has gained backing from several Republican senators, including John Thune (R-S.D.), Marsha Blackburn (R-Tenn.), and Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.). These legislators share worries about the initiative’s potential to raise costs for consumers, as Universal Service Fund programs are financed through fees levied on telecommunications companies, which are frequently passed to consumers as “Universal Service” fees on their bills.

Conversely, supporters of the FCC’s initiative argue that it is a crucial step in closing the digital divide, especially for low-income students who find it challenging to obtain internet access at home. Rosenworcel, who led the charge for the initiative, defended it as a contemporary solution to a persistent problem. “We can revert to the times when individuals sat in parking lots to secure a signal for online access… or we can progress and construct a digital future that benefits everyone,” she stated.

### The Wider Discussion on Digital Equity

The debate surrounding the FCC’s hotspot lending initiative brings to light a more extensive discussion on digital equity and the government’s role in facilitating internet access. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the FCC distributed Wi-Fi hotspots through the $7.171 billion Emergency Connectivity Fund, authorized by Congress in the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. However, that program terminated when Congress retracted its remaining funding in 2022, leaving countless students without consistent internet access.

The FCC’s recent program seeks to bridge this void, but critics, like FCC Chairman Brendan Carr, who opposed the regulation in 2024, argue that such undertakings should be the purview of Congress. Carr has also articulated concerns regarding the program’s absence of safeguards, including spending limits and expiration provisions, which were incorporated into the temporary pandemic-related program.

### What Lies Ahead?

The CRA resolution presented by Cruz offers Congress a means to annul the FCC’s regulation. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether the resolution will accumulate sufficient support to pass through both legislative chambers and evade a presidential veto. Even if the resolution does not succeed, Carr has signaled that he may initiate a new FCC process to rescind the regulation, citing his dedication to reversing what he perceives as regulatory overreach by the preceding administration.

### Conclusion

The discourse on the FCC’s hotspot lending initiative highlights the difficulty of reconciling digital equity with apprehensions regarding government overreach, parental authority, and internet safety. While the initiative aspires to tackle the urgent issue of the digital divide, its detractors maintain that it raises substantial legal, financial, and ethical considerations that must

Ancient Lavatory Find Reveals “Forgotten” Location Shown in the Bayeux Tapestry

### Archaeologists Discover the Possible Location of King Harold II’s Lost Dwelling in England

A dwelling in Bosham, West Sussex, could lie above the remnants of Harold II’s long-gone residence, the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. This finding, outlined in a recent study published in *The Antiquaries Journal*, illuminates the aristocratic hubs of pre-Norman England and provides a rare insight into the life of a monarch whose reign concluded with the Norman Conquest in 1066.

This research forms part of the “Where Power Lies” initiative, aimed at mapping and investigating aristocratic power bases throughout England from 800 to 1200 CE. The project melds historical documents, geophysical surveys, and state-of-the-art archaeological methods to unveil the physical vestiges of early medieval noble domains. The discoveries at Bosham hold particular importance, as they establish a concrete link to Harold II, a figure celebrated in the renowned Bayeux Tapestry.

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### The Bayeux Tapestry and King Harold’s Dwelling

The Bayeux Tapestry, an almost 70-meter-long embroidered depiction, narrates the events leading to the Norman Conquest, including the crucial Battle of Hastings, wherein Harold II was bested by William the Conqueror. Among its 58 illustrations, two portray Harold dining in an exquisite hall in Bosham before setting sail for France. Archaeologists are now convinced they have located the site of this hall, concluding it was integral to Harold’s personal residence.

Crafted in the 11th century, the tapestry serves as a rare instance of secular Romanesque artistry. Its vibrant visual representations and Latin texts create a distinctive historical documentation, showcasing images of Halley’s Comet as a precursor to the Norman invasion. The findings at Bosham contribute an additional layer of depth to the tapestry, correlating its story to tangible evidence in the landscape.

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### Excavating Harold’s “Show-Home”

Under the direction of Oliver Creighton from the University of Exeter, the research team utilized various techniques to explore the Bosham site. These methods included ground-penetrating radar (GPR), photogrammetry, and a reassessment of earlier excavations. Their discoveries point to a high-status dwelling closely linked to Holy Trinity Church, which dates to the 11th century.

One of the most striking evidences is a latrine uncovered in 2006 within the remnants of a sizable timber structure. This latrine, initially dismissed, has been recognized as a signature of elite homes from the 10th century onward. Together with other architectural elements revealed through GPR, this strongly indicates that the site functioned as Harold’s personal power hub.

A “garden ruin,” a heavily overgrown construction near the modern manor, was also found to contain features associated with the eastern wall of Harold’s residence. Furthermore, posthole remnants of a bridge or causeway that linked the dwelling to Holy Trinity Church further substantiate the identification of this location as a noble stronghold.

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### The Importance of Anglo-Saxon Dwellings

The Norman Conquest represented a significant transformation in England’s ruling class, with castles emerging as predominant emblems of aristocratic authority. Consequently, the examination of pre-Norman residences has frequently been overlooked. Nevertheless, Creighton and his fellow researchers argue that Anglo-Saxon leaders like Harold II substantially invested in their residences, which functioned as both administrative centers and markers of influence.

The revelation at Bosham underscores the complexity of these early medieval homes. Duncan Wright from Newcastle University, a co-author of the research, characterized the site as an “Anglo-Saxon en suite,” highlighting its advanced attributes for the period. He asserts that the evidence confirms “beyond all reasonable doubt” that this was Harold Godwinson’s private dwelling.

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### Wider Implications for Archaeology

The “Where Power Lies” initiative has pinpointed seven aristocratic centers across England, focusing on Bosham and an early medieval enclosure at Hornby in North Yorkshire for this study. By integrating archaeological information into a geographic information system (GIS), the project strives to construct an exhaustive map of pre-Norman power centers.

The revelations at Bosham not only boost our comprehension of Anglo-Saxon nobility but also question the notion of the Norman Conquest as a complete break in English history. Rather, they imply a more intricate transition, with elements of pre-Norman culture enduring alongside the new Norman regime.

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### Conclusion

The identification of King Harold II’s probable residence at Bosham stands as a pivotal milestone in the exploration of Anglo-Saxon England. It grants a rare insight into the life and heritage of the last Anglo-Saxon king, whose defeat at Hastings signified the conclusion of an era. By merging historical accounts with innovative archaeological methods, researchers are revealing the physical remnants of a world that has long been eclipsed by the dramatic developments of 1066.

As part of the “Where Power Lies” project

“Star Trek: Section 31 Film Strives to Captivate Viewers”

**Star Trek: Section 31 – An Unsatisfying Side Trip in the Trek Universe**

The Star Trek franchise has historically been lauded for its hopeful perspective on the future, its investigation of moral quandaries, and its capacity to mirror present-day societal challenges through science fiction. From the original series to contemporary versions such as *Strange New Worlds* and *Lower Decks*, the franchise has evolved continually while remaining grounded in its foundational principles. Nonetheless, the newest installment in the Trek universe, *Star Trek: Section 31*, disappointingly diverges from these ideals, leaving even the most dedicated fans pondering its relevance within the franchise.

### The Premise: A Lost Opportunity

First appearing in *Star Trek: Deep Space Nine* during the Dominion War narrative, Section 31 operates as a clandestine intelligence agency lurking in the Federation’s shadows. Its existence prompts significant ethical debates regarding the sacrifices made to uphold utopia and whether the goals justify the actions taken. This ethically ambiguous notion has long prompted mixed reactions among fans, as it starkly contrasts with Star Trek’s optimistic depiction of a post-scarcity world founded on diplomacy and mutual respect.

Given the vibrant potential of Section 31 as a storytelling element, one might anticipate a feature film focusing on this enigmatic organization to probe these philosophical tensions. The circumstances also seemed ideal for a narrative that could echo contemporary concerns such as misinformation, surveillance, and paranoia. Regrettably, *Star Trek: Section 31* wastes this chance, instead favoring a conventional sci-fi action film that feels disconnected from the franchise’s essence.

### Philippa Georgiou: An Underutilized Protagonist

Michelle Yeoh’s Philippa Georgiou, a beloved character from *Star Trek: Discovery*, takes the spotlight in *Section 31*. Georgiou, a past leader of the Terran Empire in the Mirror Universe, was a memorable figure in *Discovery*, mixing charisma, intimidation, and a hint of humor. Yeoh’s portrayal added depth to a character navigating the line between antagonist and antihero, making her one of the most intriguing personalities in modern Trek.

However, the film fails to make the most of Georgiou’s rich complexity. Instead of diving into her moral journey or her efforts to align her Terran instincts with Federation values, the movie simplifies her into a flat action protagonist. The subtle character development that rendered her so captivating in *Discovery* is largely missing, leaving Yeoh with a convoluted script that barely highlights her skills.

### A Typical Sci-Fi Action Film

At its heart, *Star Trek: Section 31* resembles less a Star Trek film and more a standard sci-fi action feature. The storyline centers on Georgiou being enlisted by Section 31 to confront a fresh danger from the Mirror Universe. What ensues are a series of uninspired action scenes, interspersed with awkward dialogue and a lack of emotional depth.

The film’s format, split into four “chapters,” gives it the appearance of a failed television pilot rather than a unified cinematic effort. The hurried pacing provides scant opportunity for character growth, and the ensemble cast of “eccentric misfits” fails to leave a significant mark. Performances vary from forgettable to outright annoying, with characters like Fuzz, a diminutive alien with an Irish accent operating a robot, and Quasi, a shape-shifting figure played by Sam Richardson, feeling more like stereotypes than fully developed personalities.

Even the action sequences, a hallmark of modern Trek, disappoint. Over-reliance on rapid camera shifts and hectic editing leads to scenes devoid of the suspense and imagination that fans typically expect. Instead of exhilarating space skirmishes or clever tactical strategies, viewers are given repetitive hand-to-hand confrontations that feel misplaced in the Star Trek realm.

### Visual and Tonal Disconnection

One of the most prominent issues with *Section 31* is its deviation from the visual and tonal characteristics that define Star Trek. The film’s aesthetics, spanning from its vessels to its attire, heavily draw from the sharp, metallic style of *Discovery*, which has been contentious among fans. While *Discovery* successfully balanced its darker tone with moments of hope and positivity, *Section 31* dives deeply into a bleak, joyless atmosphere.

The script’s attempts at humor further highlight the tonal disparity. Anachronistic language and forced jokes, like a character referencing Georgiou as a “bad bitch” or another neutrally stating “whatevs,” seem jarringly out of context in a 23rd-century environment. These instances undermine the film’s serious ambitions, resulting in a fragmented viewing experience.

### Not Truly “Trek”

For many fans, the decisive measure of any Star Trek production lies in whether it resonates with the franchise’s ethos. By this standard, *Section 31* falls short. Star Trek has consistently excelled by utilizing science fiction to engage with complex topics.

“Grasping Market Worries Related to Chinese AI Entrant DeepSeek”

### Nvidia Experiences $600 Billion Decline in Market Value Due to AI Disruption from DeepSeek

On Monday, the tech sector was rocked as Nvidia, the foremost manufacturer of AI chips, encountered an astonishing $600 billion drop in market value. This sell-off was instigated by a revolutionary announcement from Chinese AI firm DeepSeek, which asserted it had created a highly proficient AI model, the R1, at a mere fraction of the conventional expense related to such technological progress. The revelation not only unsettled Wall Street but also raised concerns about the trajectory of AI evolution, competitive dynamics, and the hegemony of US technology enterprises in the international AI competition.

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### **DeepSeek’s Innovation and Its Consequences**

DeepSeek’s R1 model, introduced alongside an extensive research paper, has been recognized as a significant advancement in AI technology. The model’s developmental outlay of just $5.6 million stands in stark contrast to the billions usually necessary for comparable initiatives. The announcement further revealed that the R1 model was trained on only 2,048 Nvidia GPUs, a number that could be obtained without infringing US export regulations. This disclosure has disrupted the traditional belief in AI “scaling laws,” which maintain that AI models enhance in proportion to increased data and computational capacity.

The market’s immediate reaction was harsh. Nvidia’s stock fell by 17%, marking its most significant single-day decline since March 2020. The Philadelphia Semiconductor Index also dropped by 9.2%, reflecting widespread worries regarding the viability of AI-driven growth in the technology sector. Short sellers, who had recently taken positions against Nvidia’s inflated valuation, reaped substantial profits, with estimated gains of $6.75 billion.

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### **The Discourse: Overreaction or Paradigm Shift?**

While the market’s response was rapid and extreme, opinions remain split on whether the sell-off was warranted. Numerous figures in Silicon Valley regard DeepSeek’s triumph as a spur for broader AI adoption, potentially benefiting Nvidia in the long run. Pat Gelsinger, the former CEO of Intel, expressed encouragement, declaring that “reducing the cost of AI will broaden the market.” He even acquired Nvidia stock during the dip, indicating his faith in the company’s future.

Nvidia itself echoed this viewpoint, suggesting that DeepSeek’s advancements would boost the demand for its GPUs. The company underscored the increasing significance of “inference”—the process of executing AI models to produce outputs for user inquiries. Nvidia’s CEO, Jensen Huang, has previously forecasted a tremendous rise in demand for inference-related chips, portraying it as a market set to expand “a billion times.”

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### **China’s Expanding AI Aspirations**

The DeepSeek announcement also emphasizes China’s growing competitiveness within the AI domain. Huawei, a pivotal entity in China’s technological ecosystem, has emerged as a significant contender to Nvidia, especially in the field of inference chips. Huawei has allegedly been collaborating with AI firms like DeepSeek to modify models trained on Nvidia GPUs for application on its own Ascend chips. This development aligns with the Chinese government’s initiative for technological self-sufficiency, notably in the context of US export limitations.

The geopolitical ramifications are considerable. Former US President Donald Trump referred to DeepSeek’s breakthrough as a “wake-up call” for American industries, advocating a renewed emphasis on sustaining AI leadership. The timing of the announcement, just ahead of major US tech firms set to disclose earnings, further fueled speculation regarding its strategic intent.

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### **Skepticism Surrounding DeepSeek’s Narrative**

Despite the buzz surrounding DeepSeek’s R1 model, some analysts have cast doubt on the company’s assertions regarding cost efficacy. Dylan Patel, a semiconductor authority at SemiAnalysis, approximated that DeepSeek and its associated hedge fund, High-Flyer, have invested over $500 million in Nvidia GPUs throughout the years. This implies that the R1 model’s creation was underpinned by considerable prior experimentation and testing, which may not have been as cost-efficient as initially depicted.

Moreover, DeepSeek’s capacity to circumvent Nvidia’s proprietary CUDA software platform has raised concerns. CUDA has long been viewed as a fundamental aspect of Nvidia’s supremacy in AI development. By showing that high-performance AI models can be developed without depending on CUDA, DeepSeek has potentially leveled the competitive landscape, opening avenues for alternative methodologies and challengers.

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### **Consequences for the AI Landscape**

DeepSeek’s breakthrough holds significant implications for the AI sector. For years, the high barriers to entry have restricted competition, allowing a small number of US tech giants to monopolize the market. DeepSeek’s achievements challenge this status quo, indicating that advanced AI capabilities can be realized at a fraction of the traditional costs. This democratization of AI could expedite its integration across various industries, ranging from healthcare to finance, while simultaneously heightening competition among chipmakers and AI developers.

However, the journey ahead is not devoid of obstacles. While DeepSeek’s open-source strategy has been commended, it also poses concerns about the commoditization of AI. As one short seller remarked, “They’re suggesting there’s no value.”

“Google Shows Excitement for the Gulf of Mexico”

### Google Maps to Update Names for Gulf of Mexico and Mount Denali in the U.S.

In a move that has ignited widespread debate, Google Maps revealed on Monday evening its plans to revise its platform to incorporate new names for two significant geographical sites in North America: the Gulf of Mexico and Mount Denali. The modifications, which will rename these locations to the “Gulf of America” and “Mount McKinley,” respectively, are slated to occur once the updates are confirmed by official U.S. government sources.

This announcement follows an executive order issued by former President Donald Trump last week, aimed at “restoring names that honor American greatness.” The order is part of a wider initiative to commemorate the nation’s legacy, requiring the renaming of these landmarks to represent historical figures and values tied to American history.

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### The Executive Order: Advocating for “American Greatness”

President Trump’s executive order, signed in early January, instructs the Secretary of the Interior to undertake all necessary actions to rename the Gulf of Mexico and Mount Denali within 30 days. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), which oversees the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), is responsible for updating its records to display the new names. These adjustments are generally executed on a bi-monthly schedule, suggesting that the changes could be formally acknowledged soon.

The executive order characterizes the renaming as a means to “celebrate the extraordinary heritage of our Nation and ensure future generations of American citizens honor the legacy of our American heroes.” Mount McKinley, named after President William McKinley, and the Gulf of America are regarded as emblems of this initiative.

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### Google’s Role in the Update

Google Maps, the most widely utilized mapping service globally, has pledged to enact the updates as soon as they receive official recognition from the U.S. government. In a statement disseminated via the social media platform X (formerly Twitter), Google remarked, “When that occurs, we will promptly update Google Maps in the U.S. to display Mount McKinley and Gulf of America.”

Nonetheless, the changes will mostly impact users in the United States. Google emphasized that its longstanding practice is to show the official local names of geographical landmarks based on the user’s location. For instance, individuals outside of the U.S. will continue to encounter both names—Mount Denali/Mount McKinley and Gulf of Mexico/Gulf of America—on the platform. This method ensures that international users are not misled by localized naming conventions.

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### Historical Context: A Disputed Renaming

The renaming of these landmarks comes with its share of contention. Mount Denali, North America’s highest peak, was officially renamed from Mount McKinley to Denali in 2015 by the Obama administration. The name “Denali,” meaning “The High One” in the Koyukon Athabaskan language, signifies the mountain’s importance to Alaska’s Indigenous peoples. The decision to revert to “Mount McKinley” has reignited discussions about balancing the honoring of Indigenous heritage with the celebration of American historical figures.

Likewise, the Gulf of Mexico has long been acknowledged as an essential geographical feature with historical and cultural importance. The shift to “Gulf of America” has raised concerns about the motivations underlying the change and its consequences for international relations, especially with Mexico and other nations along the Gulf.

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### Tech and Politics: Google’s Connection with the Trump Administration

Google’s prompt response to the executive order underscores the complex interplay between technology companies and political administrations. Sundar Pichai, Google’s CEO, has attempted to cultivate a closer relationship with Trump since his election. Pichai participated in Trump’s inauguration and shared a meeting with him at Mar-a-Lago prior to his inauguration. These engagements suggest a willingness on Google’s part to navigate the political landscape in ways that coincide with the administration’s objectives.

The renaming also highlights how political decisions can shape digital platforms that millions rely on daily. As mapping technology increasingly becomes an essential facet of contemporary life, the names and labels featured on these platforms wield significant cultural and political influence.

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### What’s Ahead?

As of Tuesday morning, the Gulf of Mexico and Mount Denali were still shown under their original designations on Google Maps in the United States. However, with the USGS anticipated to update its database soon, the changes might be introduced in the forthcoming weeks.

The renaming initiative has initiated a larger dialogue regarding the intersection of government, technology, and cultural heritage in shaping our perceptions and interactions with the world. Whether these modifications will be welcomed or opposed remains to be determined, but one thing is clear: the conversation surrounding names and their significance is far from concluded.

For the time being, users in the U.S. can look forward to seeing the new names—Gulf of America and Mount McKinley—on their digital maps shortly, while the global audience will continue to see both names as part of Google’s dual-labeling strategy.

“Apple Activates Default Setting for Apple Intelligence in iOS 18.3 Update”

# Apple Unveils Significant Software Updates Across Its Platforms: iOS 18.3, macOS Sequoia 15.3, and More

Apple has once again aligned its software update schedule, launching new versions of iOS, macOS, watchOS, iPadOS, tvOS, and visionOS. These updates, which are now publicly available, introduce enhancements, bug fixes, and new features to Apple’s ecosystem. Below is a comprehensive overview of what’s new across Apple’s platforms.

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## **iOS 18.3: Enhancing Apple Intelligence**

The iOS 18.3 update is the highlight of this release cycle, with the majority of changes centered around *Apple Intelligence*, Apple’s collection of features driven by deep learning models. Launched in iOS 18, Apple Intelligence has been progressively enhanced in subsequent updates, and iOS 18.3 further fine-tunes its functionalities.

### **Notable Updates in iOS 18.3**
1. **Apple Intelligence Enabled by Default**
Once an opt-in feature, Apple Intelligence is now active by default on compatible devices. Although this modification may not drastically affect most users, it reflects Apple’s trust in its AI-driven functionalities.

2. **Notification Summaries: Ongoing Development**
One of the most debated features of Apple Intelligence, notification summaries, has been temporarily disabled for apps in the “News & Entertainment” segment. This decision follows feedback from entities like the BBC, which highlighted issues with the way the feature summarized news articles.
– Apple has revised the display of these summaries to indicate they are in beta and may contain inaccuracies.
– Summaries for texts and emails are still available but continue to face accuracy challenges.

3. **Visual Intelligence Improvements**
iOS 18.3 brings enhancements to the *Visual Intelligence* feature, which identifies objects recognized by the camera.
– Users can now recognize a broader variety of plants and animals.
– New capabilities allow users to create calendar events straight from posters or flyers seen in the camera view.

4. **Additional Fixes and Enhancements**
– The Calculator app now repeats the last calculation when the equals sign is tapped again.
– A bug causing the keyboard to vanish during typed Siri inquiries has been fixed.
– Audio playback in Apple Music now correctly halts when the app is exited.

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## **macOS Sequoia 15.3: Introducing Genmoji**

The macOS Sequoia 15.3 update offers a blend of new features and improvements, with *Genmoji* being a standout addition, a feature driven by Apple Intelligence that enables users to create personalized emojis from text descriptions.

### **Key Features of macOS Sequoia 15.3**
1. **Genmoji Creation**
– Users can craft custom emojis in Messages and other compatible applications by simply entering a description. This feature brings a fun and creative touch to messaging.

2. **Notification Summaries**
– Like iOS, macOS now features updated notification summaries with enhanced formatting to differentiate them from non-AI-generated notifications.
– Notification summaries for “News & Entertainment” apps have been temporarily suspended.

3. **Bug Fixes and Improvements**
– The Calculator app now accommodates repeated operations using the equals sign.
– Several security updates provide a more secure user experience.

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## **watchOS 11.3, iPadOS 15.3, tvOS 15.3, and visionOS 2.3**

While updates for Apple’s other platforms are less extensive, they still introduce noteworthy enhancements:

### **watchOS 11.3**
– A new watch face has been added, though no major functionality changes were implemented.

### **iPadOS 15.3**
– iPadOS has received the same notification summary updates as iOS and macOS.
– Other modifications mainly focus on bug fixes and performance enhancements.

### **tvOS 15.3 and visionOS 2.3**
– Both updates primarily address bug fixes and stability enhancements, with no significant new features unveiled.

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## **What Lies Ahead for Apple Intelligence?**

Apple Intelligence continues to be a central aspect of Apple’s software development, but its integration has not been without hurdles. The temporary halting of notification summaries for specific app categories emphasizes the challenges of deploying AI-driven features at scale. Nonetheless, Apple’s iterative strategy—refining features based on user input—indicates that these tools will become increasingly reliable and beneficial in the future.

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## **Release Notes Summary**

### **iOS 18.3**
– **Visual Intelligence**: Improved object recognition and calendar integration.
– **Notification Summaries**: Temporarily disabled for “News & Entertainment” apps; enhanced clarity in styling.
– **Bug Fixes and Enhancements**: An overview of improved functionalities and fixes.