AllYouCanTech

Court Determines Google Not Required to Reimburse Victims of Gift Card Frauds

### Google Play Gift Card Scams: An Increasing Issue and Legal Challenges

In recent times, gift card scams have emerged as a considerable problem, especially as scammers increasingly focus on victims from widely used platforms like Google Play. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) reports that a significant share of gift card scams targets Google Play users, leading to millions of dollars being stolen by fraudsters. A recent lawsuit has brought this matter to public attention, raising concerns over the accountability of tech firms like Google in deterring these scams and compensating affected individuals.

#### The Growth of Google Play Gift Card Scams

Typically, gift card scams involve con artists deceiving victims into buying gift cards and transmitting their codes to the fraudsters, who subsequently redeem the cards for products or services. These scams often operate under the pretense of government grants, technical support, or even fabricated romantic links. From 2018 to 2021, FTC data revealed that scams involving Google Play gift cards comprised 20% of all reported gift card fraud, resulting in losses exceeding $17 million.

One reason fraudsters favor Google Play gift cards is their convenient use and the rapid redemption for digital products, which complicates the tracking of funds after the scam is executed. Google earns a commission ranging from 15 to 30 percent on purchases made using these gift cards, leading to criticism that the company benefits from fraudulent transactions without providing refunds to victims.

#### The Legal Challenge: May v. Google

In 2021, Judy May, a victim of a Google Play gift card scam, initiated a class-action lawsuit against Google. May had been deceived into buying $1,000 worth of Google Play gift cards after being told by scammers that she qualified for a government grant. She was instructed to send the gift card codes for “upfront costs” associated with the grant, only to discover later that it was a scam. When she reached out to Google for a refund, the company rejected her request, citing its terms of service.

May’s lawsuit contended that Google was aware that its gift cards were commonly exploited by scammers and that the company should have taken more steps to inform consumers. Additionally, she argued that Google possessed the technology to monitor the transactions and potentially avert the fraud but opted not to intervene. The lawsuit sought significant damages for what May characterized as “unfair practices” by Google.

#### The Court’s Decision

On November 4, 2024, federal Judge Beth Freeman predominantly sided with Google, allowing the company’s request to dismiss most allegations in the lawsuit. Freeman decided that Google bore no liability for the losses as the company did not persuade May to buy the gift cards—the scammers did. The judge also emphasized that May had not utilized the gift cards “as intended,” meaning they were meant for acquiring goods and services, not transferring money to third parties.

Freeman additionally ruled that Google had no obligation to reimburse May or other scam victims, referencing comparable policies from retailers such as Target and Walmart, which also deny refunds for gift card scams. Furthermore, the judge concluded that May’s assertion that Google could have used its technology to identify the scam was inadequate, as she failed to demonstrate that Google had employed such technology at the time of her transaction.

While Freeman permitted May to modify some of her claims within 45 days, the judge dismissed a crucial claim requesting triple damages, stating that May had not established a likelihood of being scammed again, considering her enhanced awareness of such frauds.

#### The Wider Implications

This case underscores the escalating challenge of gift card scams and raises critical questions regarding tech companies’ roles in fraud prevention. Although Google is not legally bound to refund victims under existing regulations, the case has ignited discussions about whether firms profiting from gift card sales should assume greater responsibility for safeguarding consumers.

Critics assert that Google and similar companies could enhance user awareness about prevalent scams by placing clear warnings on gift cards or employing more advanced fraud detection systems. They also highlight Google’s technical ability to track gift card transactions and potentially identify suspicious activity, but the company has yet to take such measures.

Conversely, corporations like Google maintain that they are not accountable for third-party scams and that providing refunds could set a challenging precedent. They also note that other retailers have similar policies regarding gift card fraud, suggesting that this issue spans the entire industry rather than being unique to Google.

#### What Steps Can Consumers Take?

Given the frequency of gift card scams, consumers must remain cautious when buying and utilizing gift cards. Here are several suggestions to avoid becoming a target of these scams:

1. **Be Wary of Unexpected Requests**: If someone requests payment via gift card—be it for a government grant, technical assistance, or a romantic partner—it’s likely a scam.

2. **Confirm the Identity**: If you receive communication from someone claiming to represent a government agency or

“Documentary Captures the Quest for Shackleton’s Endurance Shipwreck”

### The Remarkable Legend of Shackleton’s *Endurance* and Its Rediscovery: A Fresh NatGeo Documentary

The saga of *Endurance*, the ill-fated vessel of renowned Arctic explorer Ernest Shackleton, has enthralled audiences for more than a hundred years. Shackleton’s 1914 mission to navigate Antarctica ended tragically when his ship became trapped in ice and ultimately sank. Nonetheless, the story of survival, determination, and leadership that ensued has attained legendary status. A new National Geographic documentary, helmed by Oscar-winning directors Jimmy Chin and Chai Vasarhelyi (*Free Solo*), revives this astonishing tale once more. The documentary, named *Endurance*, is currently available for streaming on Disney+.

#### An Interwoven Narrative Structure

*Endurance* unfolds two connected tales: Shackleton’s arduous 1914 mission and the 2022 finding of the shipwreck, which had lain beneath Antarctic ice for nearly 107 years. The documentary skillfully intertwines these two narratives, presenting viewers with a distinctive viewpoint on both the historical occurrences and the contemporary pursuit to uncover the ship.

As Vasarhelyi notes, Shackleton’s story has long been a source of fascination for her and Chin. “I believe the Shackleton narrative is central to the essence of our films,” she mentioned in a conversation with Ars Technica. “It’s the ultimate human survival story. It truly reflects having bold goals and aspirations.” The discovery of the wreck in 2022 offered the ideal chance to revisit the tale with renewed insights, employing cutting-edge filmmaking methods and advanced technologies.

#### The Shackleton Expedition: A Journey of Survival

Shackleton’s mission set off from Plymouth on August 6, 1914, aiming to be the first group to cross the Antarctic continent. Yet, by January 1915, the *Endurance* was ensnared in the drifting ice of the Weddell Sea. Despite relentless efforts, Shackleton and his crew had to remain patient for the ice to break, a lengthy ordeal lasting nearly 10 months. Throughout this period, the crew faced severe cold, and by October 1915, the vessel was irretrievable. Shackleton instructed his men to vacate the ship and establish camp on the ice.

The *Endurance* ultimately succumbed on November 21, 1915, crushed by the overwhelming forces of the ice. Shackleton and his crew found themselves marooned, yet their adventure was far from finished. After months adrift on ice floes, the crew launched lifeboats and reached Elephant Island. Shackleton and five of his men then embarked on a bold 720-mile trek to South Georgia in search of aid. Incredibly, Shackleton returned to rescue his entire team in August 1916, with no lives lost.

#### The Rediscovery of *Endurance*

The wreck of the *Endurance* eluded discovery for more than a century, despite repeated efforts to find it. Shackleton’s navigator, Frank Worsley, had diligently recorded the ship’s coordinates upon its sinking, but the reliability of his instruments raised challenges for the search.

In February 2022, the Endurance22 expedition, organized by the Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust, embarked on a mission to locate the wreck. Employing state-of-the-art submersibles and sonar technology, the team scoured the ocean floor for weeks. At the last possible moment, they found the wreck lying 3,008 meters below the surface, about four miles south of its last known location. Remarkably, the ship was discovered in immaculate condition, preserved by the frigid waters and absence of wood-eating microbes.

#### Reviving History

Chin and Vasarhelyi encountered the challenge of recreating Shackleton’s narrative in a manner that would resonate with contemporary viewers. They relied extensively on the original images and footage captured by *Endurance*’s photographer, Frank Hurley. Hurley’s visuals, including his 1919 documentary *South*, offered invaluable pictorial records of the expedition. The filmmakers supplemented this with additional footage from various early 20th-century polar expeditions.

In a daring initiative, the directors persuaded the British Film Institute (BFI) to permit them to apply color treatment to some of Hurley’s footage. “The BFI had taken exceptional care of the footage and been great stewards of it, but they had also been very firm about never altering the color,” Vasarhelyi explained. The color enhancement introduced a new dimension of drama and immediacy to the historical footage, enabling viewers to connect more profoundly with the narrative.

For aspects of the Shackleton story that Hurley wasn’t able to capture—like the final rescue operation—the filmmakers conducted re-enactments. These scenes were shot on location in Iceland and on sound stages in Los Angeles. The crew contended with challenging conditions, including icy temperatures and the difficulties of constructing replica boats and acquiring period-specific costumes. Burberry

Kia Introduces Cutting-Edge Electric Off-Road Camper Van Concept

# Kia Reveals Off-Road Electric SUV and EV Van Concepts at SEMA 2024

Kia is once again redefining electric vehicle (EV) technology, this time with an adventurous angle. During the 2024 Specialty Equipment Market Association (SEMA) event in Las Vegas, the South Korean automotive brand launched two innovative concept vehicles intended to satisfy the increasing demand for off-road and adventure-oriented electric options. The concepts, the **Kia EV9 ADVNTR** and the **Kia PV5 WKNDR**, are created to entice outdoor lovers and adventurers eager to explore nature while maintaining a commitment to sustainability.

## The EV9 ADVNTR: A Sturdy Version of Kia’s Electric SUV

The **Kia EV9 ADVNTR** offers a robust variant of the well-received **Kia EV9**, which serves as the company’s flagship electric three-row SUV. While the base model has already made waves with its bold design and family-focused features, the ADVNTR concept enhances those attributes with added off-road capabilities.

### Key Features of the EV9 ADVNTR:
– **Enhanced Cladding**: The ADVNTR enhances the EV9’s pronounced, angular aesthetics with extra protective cladding, ensuring durability against the challenges of off-road driving.
– **Elevated Suspension**: An upgraded suspension system increases the ADVNTR’s ground clearance, enabling it to navigate rugged landscapes effortlessly.
– **All-Terrain Tires**: The SUV comes fitted with all-terrain tires, significantly boosting its off-road potential.
– **Utility Roof Rack**: For additional functionality, the ADVNTR features a roof rack, ideal for hauling extra equipment on extended journeys.

While the EV9 ADVNTR maintains many elements of the original EV9’s design and features, these rugged modifications present it as an appealing option for those seeking to venture off the conventional paths in an electric SUV. However, Kia has yet to clarify whether this concept will enter production or if it merely serves as an exhibition of future possibilities in the EV realm.

## The PV5 WKNDR: An Electrified Camper Van for the Future

The **Kia PV5 WKNDR** may be the more captivating of the two concepts. Engineered as an electric camper van, the PV5 WKNDR is built upon an upcoming electric van platform from Kia. Emphasizing off-road capabilities and prolonged outdoor stays, this concept targets the burgeoning market of EV advocates eager to enjoy the wilderness in comfort and style.

### Key Features of the PV5 WKNDR:
– **Popup Camper Roof**: The standout feature of the PV5 WKNDR is its popup camper roof equipped with built-in solar panels. This design provides extra headroom and sleeping space, while also capturing solar energy to recharge the vehicle’s batteries.
– **Off-Road Tires and Elevated Suspension**: Similar to the EV9 ADVNTR, the PV5 WKNDR is outfitted with off-road tires and a heightened suspension, ensuring it’s ready for challenging terrains.
– **Flexible Interior Design**: The interior of the PV5 WKNDR is reconfigurable according to the occupant’s preferences. Whether for relaxation, cooking, or sleeping, the furnishings can be conveniently stored in the floor or walls to optimize space.
– **Gear Head Compartment**: An extendable section on the van’s side, labeled the “Gear Head,” offers extra storage for outdoor gear, keeping the interior neat.
– **Exterior Kitchen Area**: The WKNDR includes an outdoor kitchen complete with an induction stove, facilitating meal preparation amid nature.

### Solar and Hydro Power?

One of the more forward-thinking features of the PV5 WKNDR is its potential to produce electricity from both solar panels and what Kia refers to as “hydro turbine wheels.” While the details of this technology are not fully defined, the concept implies that the wheels could generate power when placed in a flowing stream, allowing the motor to spin and recharge the batteries. If feasible, this innovative capability could position the PV5 WKNDR as a self-sufficient vehicle for extensive off-grid experiences.

## A Vision for the Future of Electric Adventure Vehicles

Both the EV9 ADVNTR and the PV5 WKNDR showcase Kia’s aspirations for the next generation of electric adventure vehicles. As overlanding and outdoor activities gain traction, these concepts are tapping into a market increasingly oriented towards sustainable exploration of nature. By merging off-road functionality with electric power advantages, Kia is asserting its role as an innovator in the growing category of electric adventure vehicles.

### Prospects for Production

Even though both vehicles currently exist only as concepts, they provide an enticing glimpse into what Kia may bring to the market soon. The **Kia EV9** is already available in its

UMG Claims Competing Firm is Stealing Music Using Fabricated Artist Names “Jutin Biber” and “Arriana Gramde”

# Universal Music Group Takes Legal Action Against Believe Over Suspected Piracy on Streaming Services

Universal Music Group (UMG), a leading entity in the music industry worldwide, has initiated legal proceedings against the French music distribution firm Believe and its American offshoot, TuneCore. The legal action, lodged in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, accuses Believe of facilitating the distribution of pirated versions of well-known songs across prominent streaming platforms including Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube, and TikTok. UMG alleges that Believe has deliberately permitted deceitful artists to upload falsified spellings of famous artists’ names and tracks, thus profiting from copyright violations.

## Claims of Piracy and Deceptive Artists

The focus of UMG’s lawsuit is the assertion that Believe has been disseminating pirated tracks from globally recognized artists such as Kendrick Lamar, Ariana Grande, Justin Bieber, and Lady Gaga. The pirated songs are frequently uploaded under slight variations of their original titles, including “Kendrik Laamar,” “Arriana Gramde,” “Jutin Biber,” and “Llady Gaga.” The lawsuit also highlights additional cases where Believe purportedly shared sped-up or remixed renditions of hit songs, including Rihanna’s “S&M” registered as “Rihamna” and Lady Gaga’s “Bad Romance” listed under the name “INDRAGERSN.”

UMG asserts that Believe’s business practices are “driven by rampant piracy” and that the firm has disregarded the reality that many of its clients are counterfeit artists. UMG contends that Believe’s artist roster is “flooded with bogus ‘artists’ and pirate record labels” that depend on Believe’s distribution channels to circulate unauthorized copies of copyrighted music throughout the digital soundscape.

## Believe’s International Presence and Business Strategy

Believe is a publicly-listed entity with a substantial global footprint, employing approximately 2,020 individuals across more than 50 nations. In the first half of 2024 alone, the company recorded revenues of $518 million (474.1 million euros). Believe’s expressed goal is to foster the growth of independent artists and labels within the digital realm, having established licensing arrangements with leading online platforms such as Spotify, YouTube, Apple Music, TikTok, and Instagram.

Nonetheless, UMG asserts that Believe’s swift expansion and financial success have been partially attributable to its distribution of pirated materials. The lawsuit indicates that Believe has distributed “millions of sound recordings to digital service providers,” a figure that UMG claims surpasses the authentic recordings provided by major labels and credible independent labels collectively.

## UMG’s Legal Requests

UMG is pursuing both injunctive relief and monetary restitution via the lawsuit. Specifically, the organization seeks the maximum statutory compensation of $150,000 for each infringed work or, alternatively, actual damages alongside Believe’s earnings derived from the infringement. UMG has included two exhibits detailing 1,380 alleged infringed works but anticipates that further investigation will uncover additional instances of piracy.

Beyond financial redress, UMG aims to prevent Believe from perpetuating the distribution of pirated materials. The lawsuit emphasizes that even after disputes on platforms like YouTube were resolved in UMG’s favor, Believe persisted in distributing the same infringing tracks to other digital music platforms while seeking to collect royalties on them.

## Believe’s Reaction

In light of the lawsuit, Believe has refuted the accusations and committed to contesting the claims in court. In a communication to *Ars Technica*, the company stressed its commitment to copyright enforcement and has implemented “robust tools and processes” to combat piracy. Believe also referenced its strong standing within the digital music sector, claiming “Tier 1 status” and inclusion in the Preferred Partner Program across all prominent music retailers.

“We firmly deny these allegations and the assertions made by Universal Music Group, and we will vigorously defend against them,” Believe stated. The company further emphasized its nearly two-decade legacy of endorsing independent artists and labels, asserting itself as a vital participant in the digital music realm.

## Broader Consequences for the Music Sector

This legal confrontation arises during a period when the music industry is contending with the challenges posed by digital piracy and the emergence of independent distribution channels. While firms like Believe have been instrumental in expanding access to music distribution for independent creators, they have also faced backlash for their insufficient measures to curb the dissemination of pirated content.

The lawsuit initiated by UMG against Believe has the potential to establish a crucial legal precedent regarding how digital music distributors are held accountable for the content they disseminate. Should UMG succeed in its legal endeavor, it may usher in more stringent regulations and oversight for companies distributing music on streaming services. This could, in turn, significantly influence how independent artists and labels operate within the digital music marketplace.

## Summary

The legal dispute between Universal Music Group and Believe

Test Driving the Hummer EV SUV: The Biggest and Most Inefficient Electric Vehicle

## Daily Driving the Hummer EV SUV: A Colossal Adventure

GMC’s Hummer line has long been a topic of debate. Initially designed as a civilian counterpart to the military Humvee, the Hummer evolved into a representation of extravagance, with models such as the H2 and H3 reflecting the tough, oversized SUV trend. By 2010, the line was phased out, only to be revived in the electric vehicle (EV) age. Introducing the Hummer EV, a giant that merges the brand’s heritage of magnitude and might with contemporary electric advancements. After experiencing the $104,650 Hummer EV SUV, here’s what I discovered about managing this titanic vehicle.

### Size is Significant—Indeed

The Hummer EV SUV is massive, even by American benchmarks. Measuring 196.8 inches (5,000 mm) in length and 86.5 inches (2,196 mm) in width, it is categorized as a class 3 medium-duty truck. This classification is generally assigned to vehicles like delivery trucks, which accounts for the yellow lights on the roof. Despite its dimensions, the SUV is actually shorter than its pickup variant, although this doesn’t consider the substantial spare tire protruding from the rear.

Parking this giant presents a challenge. Its width barely fits within standard parking spaces, and opening the doors can be quite tricky if adjacent vehicles are parked nearby. The Hummer EV SUV rises high at 77.8 inches (1,976 mm), boasting a ground clearance of 10.2 inches (259 mm) in its standard suspension mode. There’s an entry setting that lowers the vehicle by a few inches, but you must remember to activate it when parking.

### Weight and Range: A Heavy Responsibility

At an astounding 9,063 lbs (4,119 kg), the Hummer EV SUV outweighs most vehicles on the road. In fact, in various countries, you would require a commercial driver’s license to drive a vehicle of this weight. A significant portion of this weight—about one-third—stems from the enormous 217.7 kWh battery pack. Even with its heft and somewhat inefficient design (with a drag coefficient of 0.5), the Hummer EV SUV boasts an EPA-estimated range of 314 miles (503 km). However, the test vehicle showed a range of 358 miles on a full charge, according to GM’s own evaluations.

Recharging this massive battery requires patience. Utilizing a standard AC charger would necessitate about 16.5 hours for a complete charge. On a DC fast charger, GMC asserts that you can gain 100 miles of range in merely 10 minutes. In our tests, we managed to add 39 kWh in 13 minutes, with the charger starting at 296 kW and eventually stabilizing at 175 kW.

### Interior: A Voyage Through Space

Entering the cabin of the Hummer EV SUV is an adventure of its own. You’ll need to grasp the handle to pull yourself into the driver’s seat, owing to the vehicle’s elevation. Once inside, you are welcomed by a blend of materials and surfaces, featuring a map of the moon’s terrain etched into the speaker covers. This lunar motif continues into the weather mats and even the background of the infotainment system.

The driver’s view is commanding, but rear visibility is compromised by the narrow back window and the spare tire. Fortunately, GM’s video camera rearview mirror provides a broader perspective and auto-dimming capabilities at night, which alleviates this concern.

### Driving Characteristics: Unexpectedly Manageable

Despite its size, the Hummer EV SUV is fairly simple to drive within city limits, provided you exercise caution. The rear-wheel steering assists in minimizing the turning radius, and the shorter wheelbase (versus the Hummer pickup) enhances maneuverability. There’s even a crab walk mode, though it’s difficult to find a practical application for it on urban roads.

Equipped with three electric motors producing up to 830 horsepower (619 kW), the Hummer EV SUV can sprint from 0 to 60 mph in a mere 3.5 seconds. However, the experience at highway speeds lacks refinement. The rugged tires produce a considerable amount of road noise, and the ride can feel jittery, with noticeable body sway during turns. The T-top panels also have a tendency to rattle over uneven terrain.

### Charging Hurdles and Infotainment Quirks

While the Hummer EV SUV’s sheer size and power are remarkable, there are some practical difficulties. The infotainment system operates slowly, and Google’s voice recognition struggled with commands like “Electrify America,” necessitating multiple attempts. The powered rear tailgate is a useful feature, yet it is devoid of proximity sensors. As a result, if you back into a parking spot with a barrier behind it, the tail

Dragon Spacecraft to Aid in Moving the International Space Station for the Initial Occasion

# SpaceX’s Dragon Thrusters: A New Phase for ISS Propulsion and Autonomy

The International Space Station (ISS) has been a representation of global cooperation in space for many years, benefiting from contributions from numerous nations, including the United States and Russia. A vital component of keeping the ISS in orbit is its propulsion system, predominantly handled by the Russian portion of the station. However, advancements in space technology, especially from SpaceX, may indicate a potential change in how the ISS is controlled and sustained in orbit, possibly diminishing reliance on Russian systems.

## The Contribution of Russian Propulsion on the ISS

Traditionally, most of the ISS’s propulsion has been supplied by the Russian segment, largely through the Progress spacecraft. These vehicles are tasked with periodic “reboosts” of the station, which are essential to counteract the gradual decline of the ISS’s orbit due to atmospheric drag. Furthermore, the Russian segment is crucial in adjusting the station’s attitude (its orientation in space) and preventing possible collisions with space debris.

Nonetheless, with increasing geopolitical tensions, especially following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, concerns regarding the future of this partnership have intensified. Although collaborations at the engineer level between NASA and Roscosmos continue to be strong, the political environment has introduced uncertainty regarding the long-term cooperation between the two space agencies. Russia has committed to supporting the ISS only until 2028, while NASA intends to maintain the station’s operations until 2030.

## SpaceX’s Dragon: A Fresh Possibility for ISS Autonomy

Given these uncertainties, NASA is investigating alternative strategies to uphold the ISS’s orbit and guarantee its ongoing operations. One of the most encouraging advancements comes from SpaceX and its Dragon spacecraft.

During a recent mission, SpaceX’s Cargo Dragon spacecraft docked with the ISS, delivering around 6,000 pounds (2,700 kg) of supplies and scientific experiments. Although this mission was routine in many aspects, it represented a notable achievement for NASA and SpaceX. For the first time, the Dragon spacecraft is set to conduct a “reboost and attitude control demonstration,” assessing its capability to maneuver the ISS using its Draco thrusters.

### The Draco Thrusters

The Dragon spacecraft is outfitted with 16 Draco thrusters, each generating roughly 90 pounds of thrust. These thrusters are usually employed for maneuvering the spacecraft in orbit and for deorbit burns during re-entry to Earth. However, the forthcoming test will prioritize the thrusters situated in the “service section” of the spacecraft, located at the rear of the capsule. These thrusters, typically utilized for in-orbit maneuvers, will be leveraged to modify the ISS’s orbit and orientation.

As per Jared Metter, SpaceX’s director of flight reliability, the burn is expected to last about 12.5 minutes. The data gathered from this trial will be crucial for evaluating the Draco thrusters’ performance and their potential to provide sustained propulsion for the ISS.

### Future Considerations

This test extends beyond merely showcasing the Dragon spacecraft’s capabilities; it holds significant implications for the ISS’s future. SpaceX is currently developing a revised version of the Dragon spacecraft, designed to enable the deorbiting of the ISS at the end of its operational lifespan, which is currently anticipated for 2030. The insights gained from this test will assist SpaceX and NASA in understanding the amount of thrust the Draco engines can supply when maneuvering the considerably larger ISS, ultimately guiding it toward a safe re-entry over the Pacific Ocean.

Yet, the importance of this test transcends deorbiting. If successful, the Dragon spacecraft could offer NASA a dependable alternative to the Russian propulsion systems presently used to maintain the ISS’s orbit. This would provide a vital capability, particularly if geopolitical tensions escalate or if Russia opts to withdraw from the ISS program before 2030.

## Decreasing Dependence on Russian Systems

The potential for Dragon to address some of the ISS’s propulsion requirements is especially significant in light of the current geopolitical atmosphere. While public discourse between NASA and Roscosmos has softened since the departure of Dmitry Rogozin as Roscosmos director in 2022, the underlying tensions persist. The risk of Russia pulling out of the ISS program or even detaching its segment from the rest of the station remains a real concern for NASA.

Should the Russian segment become inaccessible, NASA would require an alternative approach to keep the ISS in orbit. While Northrop Grumman’s Cygnus cargo spacecraft has already shown some propulsive capabilities, the Dragon spacecraft presents a more feasible solution. With one or more Dragon capsules typically docked to the ISS, NASA would maintain a continuous, reliable method for sustaining the station’s orbit and orientation, even without Russian aid.

## A Move Toward ISS Autonomy

The upcoming reboost and attitude control demonstration represents a vital advance toward securing the ISS’s long-term sustainability.

Boeing Strike Wraps Up as Employees Endorse Major Salary Boost

# Boeing Workers Conclude Expensive Strike, Commit to Restoring Legendary Legacy

In a notable turn of events for both Boeing and the aerospace sector, over 33,000 Boeing employees have finalized a tentative deal to conclude a prolonged strike that has emerged as one of the costliest in contemporary U.S. history. Lasting multiple weeks, the strike is projected to have incurred losses of over $9.6 billion to the U.S. economy, according to analysis from the Anderson Economic Group.

The workforce, represented by the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) Districts 751 and W24, had turned down two prior proposals from Boeing, resulting in an extended deadlock. The strike impacted Boeing’s activities throughout Washington state, Oregon, and California, with the company incurring daily losses amounting to hundreds of millions. The impasse was finally resolved after U.S. Secretary of Labor Julie Su stepped in, facilitating a return to negotiations that culminated in a deal accepted by 59 percent of the workers.

## Principal Provisions of the Deal

As part of the newly outlined agreement, Boeing workers are set to receive a 43 percent wage increase over the upcoming four years, in addition to a $12,000 bonus. Employees can opt to take this bonus as part of their paycheck, as a contribution towards their 401(k), or a combination of both options. Furthermore, Boeing has consented to match 401(k) contributions up to 8 percent, representing a notable upgrade from previous proposals.

According to *The New York Times*, Boeing indicated that the average annual salary for machinists is projected to exceed $119,000 by the conclusion of the contract, an increase from nearly $76,000 today. This salary augmentation, along with additional perks, signifies a substantial shift for Boeing employees, many of whom turned down Boeing’s prior offer of a 25 percent wage rise, viewing it as inadequate.

IAM District 751 President Jon Holden underscored the significance of maintaining resolve throughout the negotiations. “Working people understand the experience of a company overstepping and taking away more than what is equitable,” Holden remarked. Although Boeing suffered substantial losses during the strike, workers also gave up hundreds of millions in wages. Nonetheless, union leadership is convinced that the long-term benefits outweigh the immediate sacrifices.

## Boeing’s Reaction and Prospective Initiatives

Boeing President and CEO Kelly Ortberg, who assumed leadership of the company in August 2024, just prior to the onset of the strike, voiced relief over the agreement’s resolution. In a communication to staff, Ortberg stated Boeing was “pleased to achieve a ratified agreement” and highlighted the necessity of progressing together as one team. He acknowledged that Boeing would now concentrate on resuming production of its new 737 models, a top priority for the organization.

“While the last few months have been challenging for all of us, we are all part of the same team,” Ortberg said. “We can only advance by listening and collaborating. There is considerable work ahead to restore the excellence that characterized Boeing as an iconic company.”

Employees are anticipated to return to their roles as early as Wednesday, with a mandatory return date set for November 12. Boeing has also pledged to manufacture its next aircraft in the Puget Sound area of Washington, a decision expected to ensure job security for countless workers.

## A Renewed Commitment to Safety and Quality

A critical focus of the agreement lies in the revitalized emphasis on safety and quality standards at Boeing. The company has faced increasing scrutiny regarding its quality control measures in recent years, particularly following an incident involving a Boeing 737 Max 9, where a passenger door plug dislodged mid-flight due to absent bolts. This occurrence, among others, raised alarms about Boeing’s outsourcing of its supply chain and its overall safety protocols.

Holden asserted that Boeing employees are “prepared to assist Boeing in shifting direction and returning to building the highest quality and safest airplanes globally.” As part of this new agreement, workers will have a more substantial role in the decision-making processes, especially concerning safety and quality control protocols.

“Our members are essential to this mission, and now they possess a more robust voice in the decision-making arena to guarantee that necessary enhancements are implemented,” Holden stated. “There is no Boeing without the IAM, and we are eager to resume our role in restoring this company to the standards it should have never deviated from.”

## Economic Effect and Future Perspective

The financial ramifications of the strike have been enormous. Boeing is anticipated to continue experiencing cash losses through 2025 as it endeavors to ramp up production and recover from the strike’s impact. To support its recovery initiatives, the company recently secured $23 billion by selling shares to banks, a capital transaction that *Bloomberg* characterized as “one of the largest in its category by a public corporation.”

Over the four-year duration of the new agreement, Boeing is likely to disburse more than $1 billion in elevated wages to its workforce, as noted by Jefferies analyst Sheila Kahyaoglu.

“Metal Slug Tactics Unveils Dynamic, Artful Turn-Based Strategy Gameplay”

# **Metal Slug Tactics: A Modern Spin on a Timeless Arcade Series**

The **Metal Slug** franchise has been a fundamental part of arcade gaming history, celebrated for its high-octane run-and-gun gameplay, eccentric humor, and impressive sprite visuals. Nevertheless, **Metal Slug Tactics**, crafted by **Leikir Studio** and launched by **Dotemu**, steers the series into an audacious new territory. Debuting on **November 5, 2024**, this title replaces the classic side-scrolling gameplay with an insightful, turn-based tactical format. Don’t let the shift in pace mislead you—though it may be slower, the exhilarating thrill and wild energy that characterize the original titles still shine through.

## **A Tactical Spin on a Beloved Gameplay Style**

At its essence, **Metal Slug Tactics** is a strategy game that employs a tactical, grid-based approach, taking inspiration from renowned turn-based titles like **Into the Breach**. Nonetheless, it preserves the unique flair and style that endeared players to the original **Metal Slug** series. The game’s isometric viewpoint and turn-based gameplay might appear to stray from the franchise’s foundational traditions, but the creators have successfully captured the fast-paced excitement fans look for.

In **Metal Slug Tactics**, players lead a trio of characters, each armed with an array of weaponry, including the classic unlimited-ammo pistol. Objectives range from dispatching all foes to rescuing vital characters or conquering formidable bosses. The game unfolds across artistically designed global settings, where your team must thwart the schemes of a nefarious general intent on global supremacy.

Although the game is turn-based, it promotes swift and assertive tactics. Maneuvering your characters on the grid generates “Adrenaline,” which fuels special powers and enhances your squad’s durability. The game actively discourages defensive strategies, with notifications reminding players that maintaining mobility bolsters character toughness. This ensures that the excitement continues to flow, even within a more deliberate gameplay structure.

## **A Feast for the Senses**

One of the most captivating features of **Metal Slug Tactics** is its artistic execution. The game maintains the pixel art aesthetic of the initial **Metal Slug** titles, infused with a contemporary flavor. Characters and adversaries are perpetually animated, while the over-the-top explosions, gunfire, and melee strikes keep the visuals engaging. The art style perfectly melds nostalgia with modern appeal, embodying the spirit of ’90s arcade gaming while remaining invigorating.

The soundtrack merits specific praise as well. It’s a vibrant mix that harmonizes with the action, ensuring players remain focused and energized while strategizing. Whether you’re taking out opponents or narrowly avoiding attacks, the music amplifies the heart-racing experience.

## **Strategic Layers Amidst Arcade Frenzy**

While rooted in arcade gaming, **Metal Slug Tactics** surprises players with its considerable strategic profundity. Each character in your ensemble can explore distinct “tech trees,” permitting a range of playstyles and tactical approaches. As you progress through the game, you’ll unlock new weapons, skills, and characters, enriching your tactical choices.

Moreover, the game incorporates a “Sync” mechanic, where positioning your characters strategically enables them to strike together, inflicting additional damage. This promotes teamwork and diligent planning, as coordinating your squad’s movements is essential for maximizing their potential.

Additionally, the game’s roguelite elements guarantee that every playthrough is unique. Each session presents randomized environments, foes, and rewards. This makes **Metal Slug Tactics** exceedingly replayable, inviting you to test various strategies and character combinations to see what you can achieve.

## **Conveniently Designed for Quick Play**

A notable aspect of **Metal Slug Tactics** is its player-friendly session structure. A single gameplay session can be wrapped up in less than two hours, making it ideal for brief gaming periods. However, the game’s intricacies and variety will have you returning for more. Regardless of victory or defeat, each playthrough unveils new content, motivating you to jump back in and explore different tactics.

The game performs well on the **Steam Deck**, showing only minor concerns with mouse navigation and text size. This positions it as a fantastic option for mobile gaming, allowing you to immerse yourself in tactical action while on the move.

## **A New Era for Metal Slug Enthusiasts**

For devoted followers of the **Metal Slug** series, **Metal Slug Tactics** presents an exhilarating and innovative interpretation of the franchise. It retains the charm, humor, and explosive gameplay of the original titles while introducing fresh mechanics that enhance both depth and replayability. Even if you’re not an ardent **Metal Slug** supporter, the game’s fusion of tactical strategy and arcade pandemonium is bound to attract anyone seeking an enjoyable and challenging gaming experience.

Facebook and Nvidia Call on Supreme Court to Limit “Nuisance” Investor Lawsuits in Wake of Corporate Scandals

# Facebook and Nvidia Request SCOTUS to Limit Investor Lawsuits

Two prominent technology firms, Facebook (now Meta) and Nvidia, are appealing to the United States Supreme Court (SCOTUS) in disputes that could alter the legal terrain for investor lawsuits. Both entities are urging SCOTUS to constrict the legal avenues through which investors can pursue claims against them for losses resulting from alleged corporate wrongdoing. The decisions made in these cases could significantly influence how technology firms disclose risks and manage investor relations following controversies.

### Overview of the Cases

The two matters currently before the Supreme Court involve significant scandals that have shaken the tech sector in recent years:

1. **Facebook-Cambridge Analytica Scandal**: This case centers on Facebook’s management of the notorious Cambridge Analytica data breach, where the personal information of millions of users was inappropriately accessed and utilized for political marketing. In 2019, Facebook reached a settlement with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), paying over $5 billion in civil fines for misleading users and investors regarding the breach. Nonetheless, investors have continued to pursue legal action, contending that Facebook deceived them by failing to disclose the breach promptly and transparently.

2. **Nvidia’s Cryptocurrency Surge**: Nvidia is confronting allegations that it misrepresented the actual source of its revenue growth during the 2017–2018 cryptocurrency surge. Investors assert that Nvidia minimized the degree to which its sales were propelled by the volatile cryptocurrency market, as opposed to its primary gaming division. When the crypto market collapsed, Nvidia found it necessary to reduce its earnings forecasts, resulting in substantial investor losses. Nvidia settled with the SEC in 2022, incurring a $5.5 million penalty for insufficient disclosures, yet investors are still pursuing reparation through the litigation process.

### Legal Contentions

Both Facebook and Nvidia have filed appeals to SCOTUS, positing that the legal criteria for investor lawsuits must be tightened to fend off frivolous litigation. They argue that the existing legal framework enables investors to engage in “fishing expeditions” and initiate lawsuits based on hindsight instead of concrete evidence of fraud.

#### Facebook’s Stance: Hypothetical Risk Declaration

In the Facebook matter, the company defends its choice to characterize the risk of a data breach as a hypothetical occurrence in its SEC filings, even though the Cambridge Analytica breach was already in progress. Facebook’s disclosure articulated that a failure to avert or mitigate a data breach “could harm our business and reputation.” Investors contend that this phrasing was misleading because it suggested that no breach had occurred, while the Cambridge Analytica debacle was already happening.

Facebook argues that no reasonable investor would interpret a forward-looking risk disclosure as suggesting that no breach had ever taken place. The company claims that mandating it to report every past material incident would establish an “omissions liability” regime, compelling companies to over-disclose information and potentially inundating investors with extraneous data.

#### Nvidia’s Position: Expert Testimony and Crypto Revenue

In the Nvidia case, the company disputes the use of expert testimony to estimate how much of its revenue was linked to cryptocurrency demand. Investors relied on such an expert analysis to assert that Nvidia underreported its crypto-related revenue by over $1 billion. Nvidia contends that this expert testimony is speculative and that the lawsuit represents an instance of “fraud by hindsight,” where investors are initiating claims based on market conditions that were unforeseeable at the time.

Nvidia is invoking the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA), which imposes stricter pleading requirements on plaintiffs in securities fraud cases. The company argues that the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals erred in permitting the lawsuit to advance based on expert testimony, which Nvidia claims was “manufactured” to align with the investors’ allegations.

### Possible Consequences

The Supreme Court’s rulings in these cases could have extensive implications for both tech companies and investors. If SCOTUS favors Facebook and Nvidia, it may become considerably more difficult for investors to litigate against companies for securities fraud, especially in situations involving intricate disclosures and emerging markets like cryptocurrency.

#### Effects on Investor Lawsuits

Both Facebook and Nvidia caution that upholding the 9th Circuit’s decisions could unleash a deluge of frivolous lawsuits. Nvidia, in particular, has asserted that permitting expert testimony to serve as the foundation for securities fraud claims would create a “dangerous” precedent, facilitating investors to launch lawsuits based on speculative data.

Conversely, investors contend that private securities litigation is a crucial mechanism for ensuring corporate accountability. They argue that if SCOTUS favors the tech giants, it would effectively grant companies a “license to intentionally mislead investors” by minimizing or omitting material risks in their disclosures.

#### Pro-Business Court?

Legal analysts have noted that the Supreme Court’s conservative majority has a history of delivering business-friendly decisions, especially in matters related to federal regulation. Andrew Feller, a former SEC

Pharmaceutical Firm Shut Down Following Discovery of Contaminants in Injectable Weight Reduction Drug

# FDA Raises Alarm Over Compounded Weight-Loss Medications Amid Ongoing Legal Disputes

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a significant alert to both consumers and healthcare providers concerning the products made by Fullerton Wellness LLC, a compounding pharmacy located in Ontario, California. This notification emerges as the FDA continues to deal with safety issues related to compounded weight-loss medications, a sector that has surged recently due to the rising demand for drugs such as Wegovy, Ozempic, and Mounjaro.

## The FDA’s Notification

The FDA’s advisory was triggered by a concerning finding: Fullerton Wellness was producing drugs that must be sterile—namely injectable medications—without adhering to appropriate sterilization protocols. Among the drugs manufactured by the pharmacy were semaglutide and tirzepatide, which are designed to replicate established weight-loss and diabetes therapies like Wegovy, Ozempic, Zepbound, and Mounjaro.

The problem surfaced after a patient reported discovering a “black particulate” within a vial of semaglutide, which is an injectable medication that requires sterility to prevent severe health hazards. Following a thorough investigation, the FDA determined that Fullerton Wellness was utilizing non-sterile components in these injectable drugs and had failed to implement any sterilization measures.

Administering non-sterile medications can result in serious and potentially fatal health issues, including infections and sepsis. Consequently, the FDA has recommended that medical offices, clinics, and patients immediately discontinue the use of any products from Fullerton Wellness and isolate any leftover items.

## Fullerton Wellness Shuts Down

After the FDA’s inquiry, Fullerton Wellness voluntarily halted its operations. An inspection conducted at the pharmacy’s facilities in October verified that the company had been using non-sterile ingredients in its injectable medications. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain how extensively Fullerton Wellness’s drugs were distributed, and the company has not provided any comments regarding the situation.

## The Increasing Appeal of Compounded Weight-Loss Medications

The FDA’s warning is merely the latest incident in a broader conflict over compounded weight-loss medications. These drugs are essentially generic versions of well-known treatments like Wegovy, Ozempic, Zepbound, and Mounjaro. Compounding pharmacies are permitted to create these products only when the original branded versions are in limited supply, acting as a temporary measure to ensure patient availability.

However, given the soaring demand for weight-loss treatments and the exorbitant prices of their branded counterparts, compounded alternatives have become a desirable and cost-effective option for numerous patients. This trend has resulted in a surge in compounded weight-loss medications, consequently raising alarms regarding their safety and quality.

## Legal Conflicts and Industry Strains

The emergence of compounded weight-loss drugs has ignited a legal showdown between major pharmaceutical corporations and compounding pharmacies. Leading drug companies such as Eli Lilly, the producer of Zepbound and Mounjaro, and Novo Nordisk, the manufacturer of Wegovy and Ozempic, have initiated lawsuits against compounding pharmacies, alleging that they are creating unsafe and deceptive versions of their medications.

In one prominent instance, Eli Lilly took legal action against several compounding pharmacies for their production of knockoff types of tirzepatide, the active component in Zepbound and Mounjaro. Novo Nordisk has also pursued legal avenues, asserting that semaglutide, the active ingredient in Wegovy and Ozempic, is too intricate for compounding pharmacies to effectively duplicate.

The FDA has also found itself in a contentious position. In October, a trade group representing large-scale compounding pharmacies filed a lawsuit against the FDA after the agency removed tirzepatide from its drug shortage list. This action effectively prohibited compounding pharmacies from creating generic versions of the medication. Nevertheless, the FDA swiftly rescinded its decision in court, permitting compounders to persist in producing alternative versions of tirzepatide while reconsidering the withdrawal.

## The Outlook for Compounded Weight-Loss Medications

As the litigation continues, the future of compounded weight-loss medications remains ambiguous. In October, Novo Nordisk formally sought that the FDA prohibit compounding pharmacies from manufacturing generic versions of semaglutide, citing safety apprehensions. The company contended that the drug’s intricacy complicates safe replication by compounders, resulting in notable risks for patients.

In reaction, the Outsourcing Facilities Association, a trade organization representing compounding pharmacies, sent a letter to the FDA requesting that the agency obligate Novo Nordisk to submit an economic impact assessment. The organization argued that eliminating semaglutide from the compounding landscape could cause considerable price hikes and restrict patient access to affordable options.

## Conclusion

The FDA’s alert regarding Fullerton Wellness underscores the persistent challenges in monitoring the expanding market for compounded weight-loss medications. As the appetite for these drugs continues to escalate, so too do the worries surrounding their safety, quality, and legality. With pharmaceutical