AllYouCanTech

“Improperly Configured WHOIS Server Provides Researcher Unlawful Access to Confidential Information”

### The $20 Domain That Unveiled a Significant Internet Security Vulnerability

In an era where cybersecurity threats are evolving in complexity, it isn’t common for a security researcher to happen upon a flaw that could enable fake HTTPS certificates, email surveillance, and even remote code execution on countless servers—all for merely a $20 domain. However, that is precisely what transpired for Benjamin Harris, CEO and creator of the security firm watchTowr, at a recent Black Hat security conference in Las Vegas.

Harris’s revelation brings to light a harsh reality regarding the vulnerability of the Internet’s trust and security framework, particularly the WHOIS system, a fundamental component of Internet regulation that has existed since the early days of ARPANET.

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### The Unintentional Seizure of a WHOIS Server

The tale starts when Harris observed that the domain **dotmobilregistry.net**, previously the official WHOIS server for the `.mobi` top-level domain (TLD), had lapsed. WHOIS servers serve as authoritative directories that retain details about domain names, encompassing administrative contact information and other metadata. The `.mobi` TLD, designated for websites tailored for mobile platforms, had shifted its WHOIS server to **whois.nic.mobi**, leaving the former domain to expire.

Recognizing an opportunity, Harris acquired the domain for a mere $20 and established his own WHOIS server at **dotmobilregistry.net**. What ensued was both astonishing and concerning: within hours, his server started receiving inquiries from over 76,000 distinct IP addresses. Over the following five days, the server handled roughly 2.5 million requests from 135,000 unique systems. These requests originated from a diverse array of prominent entities, including domain registrars, online security firms, government bodies, universities, and even certificate authorities (CAs)—the organizations tasked with issuing browser-trusted TLS certificates that ensure HTTPS safety.

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### Trust Misplaced in Legacy Systems

The sheer volume of critical systems still querying a defunct WHOIS server highlights a considerable problem: misplaced confidence in outdated mechanisms. WHOIS has been a fundamental aspect of Internet governance since the 1970s when it was introduced as part of the ARPANET initiative. Over the decades, it has transformed into an essential resource for lawyers, spam services, certificate authorities, and others reliant on it to authenticate domain ownership and administrative information.

Nonetheless, as shown by Harris’s investigation, the WHOIS system is not infallible. By establishing a rogue WHOIS server, Harris managed to alter the information returned to querying systems. For example, he filled the WHOIS database with meaningless data for actual `.mobi` addresses, redirecting administrative email addresses to his own domain, **watchtowr.com**. For amusement, he even included ASCII art in some entries, like the WHOIS data for **google.mobi**.

However, the ramifications of this experiment went beyond mere humor. Harris discovered that his illicit WHOIS server granted him powers he should never have possessed, including the ability to affect the email address used by certificate authorities such as GlobalSign for domain ownership verification.

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### A Risk to HTTPS Security

One of the most troubling aspects of Harris’s finding was the capability to generate fraudulent TLS certificates. When a request for a TLS certificate is made, the certificate authority usually sends a verification email to the administrative contact indicated in the authoritative WHOIS record for that domain. In this instance, Harris’s rogue WHOIS server could reroute these verification emails to his own email account.

For example, when Harris created a certificate signing request for **microsoft.mobi**, GlobalSign forwarded him a verification email, providing him the chance to approve the certificate application via an email address he controlled. Although Harris refrained from actually securing the certificate for ethical reasons, the implications were unmistakable: with a bogus certificate, an attacker could intercept HTTPS traffic, pose as legitimate websites, and execute a variety of malicious activities.

“Now that we have the means to issue a TLS/SSL cert for a `.mobi` domain, we can, in theory, engage in all kinds of dreadful actions—ranging from intercepting traffic to mimicking the target server,” Harris noted in his research post. “It’s game over for a multitude of threat models at this stage.”

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### Monitoring Email Activity and Executing Code

The threats extended beyond counterfeit certificates. Numerous email servers and spam services, including those employed by government and military entities, queried Harris’s rogue WHOIS server whenever they received an email from a `.mobi` domain. This granted Harris the capability to trace email threads over time, potentially enabling him to discern the individuals involved in sensitive discussions.

Furthermore, various WHOIS clients and security services possess vulnerabilities that could permit an attacker to execute harmful code on the querying device. Ordinarily, these vulnerabilities would be deemed low-risk, as only trusted WHOIS servers would have the capacity to exploit them.

SpaceX Reveals Starship Launch Postponed Until at Minimum November Because of Regulatory Examination

# SpaceX’s Starship Test Flight Postponed: FAA Licensing Issues and Environmental Matters

According to a statement from SpaceX, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has notified the company that it will not grant a launch license for the next Starship rocket test flight until at least late November. This postponement pushes the timeline back by over two months from the FAA’s initial target of mid-September. SpaceX has shown its displeasure, indicating that the Super Heavy booster and Starship upper stage for the forthcoming launch—representing the fifth full-scale test flight of the Starship initiative—have been prepared since early August.

The forthcoming test flight is particularly ambitious, as it will involve an attempt to recover the Super Heavy booster at the launch site and capture it mid-air using mechanical arms. However, regulatory holdups, mainly due to environmental issues and bureaucratic delays, have hindered progress on the mission.

## The Challenge: A Daring New Aim

SpaceX’s upcoming test flight will showcase an unprecedented goal: capturing the Super Heavy booster in mid-air as it returns to the launch site. This will mark SpaceX’s first attempt at such a maneuver. The Super Heavy booster, comparable in length and width to a Boeing 747 jumbo jet, will descend vertically with the aid of its Raptor engines. The intention is for the booster to decelerate to a near-hover, permitting two mechanical catch arms to ensnare the stainless steel booster above the launch platform.

This approach represents a significant shift from SpaceX’s existing recovery methods for its Falcon 9 rocket, which typically lands on offshore platforms. A mid-air capture would facilitate quicker turnaround times and enhance the reusability of the Super Heavy booster, a vital part of SpaceX’s long-term ambitions for space exploration and interplanetary travel.

## FAA Delays: An Escalating Annoyance

SpaceX has strongly voiced its discontent regarding the FAA’s sluggish licensing process. The company has labeled the delays as “unreasonable and frustrating,” pointing to bureaucratic inefficiencies, a lack of transparency, and what it refers to as “unnecessary environmental assessments.”

In its statement, SpaceX emphasized that the setbacks are not attributable to technical readiness or safety issues, but rather stem from regulatory obstacles. The company has previously urged the FAA to bolster its staffing to accommodate the increasing volume of commercial space launches. Congress has, in response, approved a budget boost for the FAA’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation, which has recruited around 35 new employees in the past year, raising the total to 158. Nevertheless, SpaceX contends that this remains inadequate to satisfy the demands of the rapidly expanding commercial space sector.

## Environmental Matters: The Heart of the Delay

One of the primary factors delaying the launch is an environmental evaluation linked to SpaceX’s discharge of water around the Starship launch pad in Texas. This water is utilized to cool a steel flame deflector positioned underneath the Super Heavy booster’s 33 engines. SpaceX has encountered fines from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and the Environmental Protection Agency, although the company argues that these penalties stem from documentation disputes rather than genuine environmental damage.

Additionally, the upcoming flight will take a different trajectory than the previous Starship mission in June. A stainless steel ring, referred to as the hot-staging ring, will detach from the top of the booster and descend into a different area of the Gulf of Mexico. This alteration has prompted the FAA to begin a 60-day consultation with the National Marine Fisheries Service to reevaluate the potential effects on marine wildlife.

Another environmental issue pertains to the sonic boom produced by the Super Heavy booster upon its return to land in Texas. This has led the FAA to sanction an additional 60-day consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to assess the boom’s impact on local wildlife.

SpaceX has expressed displeasure with these supplementary reviews, claiming that they are unwarranted and could cause indefinite delays to the launch. “This single concern, which has already been thoroughly analyzed, could postpone the launch indefinitely without addressing any credible environmental impacts,” the company stated.

## The Larger Picture: National Security and Lunar Aspirations

The postponements of Starship test flights have wider ramifications beyond SpaceX’s commercial objectives. NASA has designated SpaceX’s Starship as the human-rated lander for its Artemis program, which aims to bring astronauts back to the Moon. The early-stage test flights of Starship are crucial for demonstrating the rocket’s reliability and testing technologies such as in-space refueling, essential for upcoming lunar missions.

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson has highlighted the significance of returning U.S. astronauts to the Moon before China, which plans to land its astronauts on the lunar surface by 2030. SpaceX’s Starship is a pivotal element of NASA’s strategy to achieve this ambition.

Kelvin Coleman, the FAA’s associate administrator for space transportation, acknowledged the importance of the Artemis initiative during a recent hearing before the House Space and Aeronautics subcommittee. “We certainly recognize and appreciate the crucial significance of

Huawei Launches $2,800 Trifold Smartphone, Tailored for Daily Use

# Huawei Mate XT Ultimate: A Groundbreaking Trifold Smartphone

In the fast-paced arena of smartphones, Huawei has once more expanded the horizons of innovation with the introduction of its **Mate XT Ultimate**, a device that transforms the concept of foldable phones. In contrast to offerings from **Samsung** or **Google**, which have brought attention to conventional flip or fold designs, the Mate XT Ultimate showcases a **trifold** mechanism, providing users a distinctive experience that merges the convenience of a smartphone with the generous display of a tablet.

## A Novel Foldable: The Trifold Structure

The **Huawei Mate XT Ultimate** distinguishes itself with its **trifold** structure, allowing the phone to fold over **two hinges**. When completely unfolded, the device features a **10.2-inch diagonal display**, nearly matching the size of a regular iPad. This expansive screen delivers a near-tablet experience, perfect for productivity, gaming, or enjoying multimedia content.

Nevertheless, the Mate XT Ultimate is not solely about size. The device also folds into a more portable **7.9-inch** format, striking a balance between a tablet and a phone. Ultimately, when fully collapsed, it takes on the form of a conventional **6.4-inch** smartphone, making it convenient to carry in your pocket. This adaptability is among the most attractive aspects of the Mate XT, allowing users to toggle between various modes based on their requirements.

For those seeking to enhance productivity, Huawei additionally provides an **optional folding keyboard**, converting the Mate XT into a mini-laptop for work on the go.

## A Price Tag That Reflects the Innovation

With all this innovative technology, the Mate XT Ultimate comes with a substantial price tag. In China, the device is priced at **19,999 yuan**, which translates to roughly **$2,800 USD**. This positions it as one of the priciest smartphones available, exceeding even the premium foldable offerings from Samsung and Google. Regrettably for tech fans in the U.S., the Mate XT Ultimate cannot be purchased due to ongoing sanctions and trade limitations between the U.S. and Huawei.

The timing of the Mate XT’s introduction is also significant. It debuted mere hours after **Apple’s iPhone 16 event**, an action that many interpret as a strategic move by Huawei to dispute the supremacy of U.S. tech giants. As **The New York Times** noted, Huawei has a pattern of scheduling its product launches to align with significant U.S. tech events, highlighting the persistent friction between the Chinese tech powerhouse and the U.S. government.

## A Vision Brought to Life

At the unveiling of the Mate XT Ultimate, **Richard Yu**, chairman of Huawei’s consumer group, shared his enthusiasm for the device. “This is a creation that everyone has envisioned but never succeeded in developing,” Yu stated during the livestream. “I’ve always dreamed of fitting our tablet into my pocket, and we’ve achieved that.”

This sentiment encapsulates the spirit of the Mate XT Ultimate—a device designed to merge the boundaries between smartphones and tablets, giving users the best of both realms in a single, foldable format.

## Advanced Specifications

For the cost of **two high-end gaming PCs**, the Mate XT Ultimate delivers a remarkable set of specifications:

– **256GB of storage** (with options for higher capacities)
– **16GB of RAM**
– A **5,600 mAh battery** for prolonged use
– A **50-megapixel main camera**, paired with two additional **12 MP ultrawide** and **periscope cameras**
– A **120 Hz LTPO OLED display**, ensuring fluid visuals
– Weighs **298 grams** and measures just **3.6 mm thick** when completely unfolded

Huawei has also integrated a variety of **AI-driven features** within the Mate XT, particularly in the camera and software areas, promising improved performance and user satisfaction.

## The Tiangong Hinge Mechanism

One of the most captivating features of the Mate XT Ultimate is its **hinge mechanism**, which Huawei has named after the **Tiangong space station**. According to Huawei, the hinge permits both **internal and external bending** across dual tracks, guaranteeing durability and flexibility. The hinges are crafted from a **composite laminate** and integrate **non-Newtonian fluid components**, which aid in absorbing impacts and contribute to smoother folding and unfolding.

Considering the intricacy of the trifold design, the resilience of the hinges will be a crucial aspect in determining the long-term viability of the Mate XT. Foldable smartphones have historically faced challenges concerning hinge reliability, and it will be intriguing to observe how Huawei’s innovative system performs in the long run.

## Pre-Orders and Market Introduction

In spite of its premium pricing, the Mate XT Ultimate has already garnered substantial interest in China. According to **The Verge**, the phone has achieved **3.7 million pre-orders** through

Woman Suffers from Profuse Sweating Following Meals Because of Uncommon Nerve Condition

### Gustatory Hyperhidrosis: When Eating Causes Sweating

The human body presents a complex and intriguing system, filled with phenomena that can sometimes seem illogical. A remarkable aspect is the capacity of nerves to repair themselves following an injury, enabling individuals to recover some lost capabilities. Nonetheless, this healing process can occasionally misfire, resulting in uncommon and peculiar conditions. One such condition is **gustatory hyperhidrosis**, often referred to as **Frey’s syndrome**, where eating incites excessive perspiration on the face.

#### What is Gustatory Hyperhidrosis?

Gustatory hyperhidrosis is an unusual neurological disorder that usually arises after harm to the **parotid glands**, the sizable salivary glands situated on either side of the face, just before the ears. These glands play a crucial role in generating saliva, particularly during meals. However, post-injury or surgery to these glands, the nerves controlling saliva flow might regenerate inaccurately, causing a confusing interplay of signals.

In this scenario, the nerves that facilitate saliva production become intertwined with those that manage sweating, leading to a bizarre occurrence: when an individual eats or even contemplates food, rather than merely generating saliva, they also start to perspire profusely on their face.

#### A Case Study: Sweating During Meals

In a recent case documented in the *New England Journal of Medicine*, physicians in Taiwan took notice of a 76-year-old female who had been suffering this very phenomenon for two years. Each time she consumed food, her face would sweat uncontrollably. The doctors witnessed this directly when she tasted a piece of pork jerky. Within moments, her left cheek began to shimmer with sweat, and after 75 seconds of chewing, large droplets were cascading down her face and neck.

The woman had undergone a surgical procedure seven years prior to remove her left parotid gland due to a benign tumor. While gustatory hyperhidrosis is a recognized complication following such surgeries, it typically manifests within six to 18 months after the operation. However, in this instance, symptoms emerged five years after the surgery, which left the doctors baffled.

#### The Anatomy Behind the Condition

To grasp gustatory hyperhidrosis, one must explore the anatomy of the nervous system. The nerves that regulate the salivary glands are components of the **parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS)**, which oversees “rest and digest” functions such as salivation. Conversely, the nerves controlling sweating belong to the **sympathetic nervous system (SNS)**, which orchestrates “fight or flight” reactions, including sweating.

Despite being part of different branches of the nervous system, the nerves that oversee salivation and sweating converge in a nerve known as the **auriculotemporal nerve**, which runs along the facial side. These nerves also utilize a shared neurotransmitter: **acetylcholine**. This chemical messenger activates both the PSNS fibers responsible for saliva production and the SNS fibers overseeing sweating.

When the parotid gland sustains damage or is removed, the nearby nerves can regenerate. However, due to their close location and shared neurotransmitter, the PSNS fibers intended to manage salivation may inadvertently grow along the routes of the SNS fibers controlling sweating. Consequently, when the brain signals the body to generate saliva during eating, it unintentionally triggers the sweat glands, causing perspiration on the face in addition to—or instead of—salivation.

#### Living with Gustatory Hyperhidrosis

Though gustatory hyperhidrosis can be an unsettling condition, a range of treatment options exists:

1. **Botox Injections**: Botox (botulinum neurotoxin) can be administered into the impacted area to momentarily paralyze the sweat glands, stopping them from producing sweat in reaction to eating.

2. **Topical Anticholinergics**: These medications impede the action of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter responsible for activating both salivary and sweat glands. By blocking acetylcholine, these therapies may reduce perspiration.

3. **Topical Antiperspirants**: Over-the-counter or prescription-strength antiperspirants can aid in managing perspiration by obstructing the sweat glands.

4. **Surgical Reconstruction**: In select cases, surgical intervention may be feasible to rectify the nerve miswiring, although this is generally viewed as a last option.

Despite these alternatives, not all patients opt for treatment. In the case of the woman from Taiwan, after reviewing her choices with her medical team, she chose to accept the symptoms rather than pursue interventions.

#### Conclusion

Gustatory hyperhidrosis is a rare yet intriguing instance of how the body’s intricate networks can sometimes get their signals crossed—literally. While the condition can be uncomfortable and socially challenging, it is usually not detrimental, and various treatments are accessible for those who wish for relief. For others, like the Taiwanese woman, living with this condition may be the preferable option.

“Two U.S. Nationals Indicted for Managing ‘Terrorgram Collective’ Digital Platform Advocating Radicalism”

### The US Government’s Operation Against the “Terrorgram Collective”: An In-Depth Look at White Supremacist Accelerationism on Telegram

In a pivotal action against domestic terrorism, the US government has recently filed multiple charges against the purported leaders of the “Terrorgram Collective,” a faction that exploited the Telegram messaging service to advocate and incite acts of white supremacist violence. The group’s activities encompassed the distribution of hit lists targeting US officials and activists, idolizing violent extremists, and sharing instructions for sabotaging critical infrastructure, like electrical substations. This article explores the group’s ideology, methods, and the wider consequences of its presence in today’s digital landscape.

### What Constitutes the Terrorgram Collective?

The Terrorgram Collective is a loosely affiliated entity that functions chiefly on Telegram, a messaging service recognized for its mix of public channels and encrypted private messaging. The group’s chief objective is to advance “white supremacist accelerationism,” a radical philosophy that aims to hasten societal disintegration through violent actions, ultimately aspiring to create a white nationalist regime.

The concept of “accelerationism” indicates the belief that societal failure can be expedited by inciting disorder and violence, which would theoretically trigger a civil conflict or catastrophic confrontation. In the context of the Terrorgram Collective, this upheaval is presented as an essential precursor for dismantling the current government system in favor of one grounded in white supremacy.

### The Group’s Actions and Dissemination of Ideology

The Terrorgram Collective has been notably active in utilizing Telegram to propagate its narrative. The group’s propaganda comprises manifestos, instructional videos for bomb-making, and even audiobooks of shooter manifestos. A publication titled “Do it for the Gram” alludes to the platform’s name while urging violent actions. Another significant document, their accelerationist manifesto, is named “Hard Reset,” detailing their aspirations for societal collapse and the formation of a white ethnostate.

The group also venerates individuals who have committed violent acts, referring to them as “saints.” These so-called saints are celebrated in a “White Terror” video produced by the collective, which sanctifies mass murderers and motivates others to emulate them. They have even compiled an “encyclopedia” of these killers, solidifying their status as icons within the community.

### The Function of Telegram in Terrorgram’s Operations

Telegram has emerged as a preferred platform for the Terrorgram Collective because of its distinctive features. Although public channels and chat rooms on Telegram lack encryption, they facilitate the extensive distribution of propaganda and recruitment materials. Concurrently, Telegram provides encrypted private messaging, enabling safer communication among members and potential recruits.

Despite their dependence on technology for disseminating their message, the group paradoxically exhibits skepticism toward certain technological advancements. For instance, one post urged followers to assault local power grids, articulating, “Do not let those technophiles have a day of rest!” Another post cautioned members to “LEAVE. YOUR. PHONE. AT. HOME,” underlining the necessity of evading digital surveillance during violent actions.

### The Leaders: Dallas Humber and Matthew Allison

The US government has pinpointed Dallas Humber (34) from Elk Grove, California, and Matthew Allison (37) from Boise, Idaho, as the principal figures of the Terrorgram Collective. As per the indictment, both figures played critical roles in managing the group and spreading its violent ideology. However, neither Humber nor Allison is accused of perpetrating acts of violence themselves. Instead, they seem to have been satisfied with inciting others to execute attacks and celebrating those who did.

### Real-World Fallout: The Bratislava Shooting

The Terrorgram Collective’s impact transcends the virtual environment, with several real-world attackers connected to the group’s propaganda. A prominent example is the 2022 Bratislava shooting, where a 19-year-old Slovakian man fatally shot two individuals at an LGBTQ+ bar before taking his own life. Prior to the assault, the shooter forwarded his manifesto to Matthew Allison, one of the alleged leaders of the Terrorgram Collective. The manifesto explicitly listed the group’s accelerationist manifesto, “Hard Reset,” as recommended material.

This occurrence underscores the immediate threats posed by the Terrorgram Collective and comparable extremist factions. While the group’s leaders may not have acted violently themselves, their rhetoric and propaganda have inspired others to engage in violence, resulting in fatal consequences.

### The Wider Repercussions of White Supremacist Accelerationism

The emergence of factions like the Terrorgram Collective highlights the escalating menace of white supremacist accelerationism both in the United States and globally. These factions are not merely fringe groups; they represent a larger trend of radicalization that has been enabled by the internet and social media platforms.

Accelerationist entities like Terrorgram flourish in the digital era, where they can seamlessly disseminate their propaganda to a worldwide audience.

Experts Caution That AI Judgments on Unemployment Claims Could Result in Irreparable Mistakes

### Nevada to Be the First State to Implement AI for Unemployment Appeals: A Historic Trial with Major Implications

In a groundbreaking initiative, Nevada is poised to become the very first state in the United States to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) for aiding in the determination of unemployment benefits appeals. The state’s Department of Employment, Training, and Rehabilitation (DETR) has teamed up with Google to launch an AI system designed to accelerate the processing of unemployment claims, a task that has faced considerable delays due to an increase in claims linked to the pandemic and shortages in staffing.

Nevada’s willingness to adopt AI for such an essential task is both cutting-edge and contentious, prompting discussions regarding the ethical and legal ramifications of integrating AI into critical governmental decisions. This decision forms part of a wider movement among state administrations to leverage AI for greater efficiency, even as it underscores challenges related to ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in decisions generated by AI.

### The AI System: Functionality Overview

The AI system that Nevada is set to implement will be powered by Google’s Vertex AI Studio, a cloud-based platform allowing for the refinement of AI models. According to a 2024 budget document, the state has committed approximately $1.38 million to Google for this technology. The system will utilize data from DETR’s database, encompassing transcripts from unemployment appeals hearings and previous rulings. This information will be uploaded to the cloud, where the AI will evaluate it and benchmark it against past cases to formulate a ruling.

The AI is anticipated to produce a decision in as little as five minutes—an extraordinary enhancement compared to the three hours it generally takes a human worker to arrive at a similar verdict. This efficiency is particularly crucial for Nevada, currently managing a backlog exceeding 40,000 unemployment appeals.

Nevertheless, the AI’s decision will not be conclusive. A state employee will review the ruling generated by AI to identify any potential inaccuracies, biases, or hallucinations—instances where the AI might produce erroneous or fabricated information. If the human reviewer concurs with the AI’s conclusion, they will endorse it. Otherwise, they have the authority to amend the ruling and provide feedback to enhance the AI system’s future performance.

### The Promise of AI: Quicker Decisions, Reduced Backlog

For Nevada, the potential advantages of incorporating AI into unemployment appeals are evident. The state has been inundated with a wave of unemployment claims following the COVID-19 pandemic, compounded by staffing shortages that have intensified the difficulties. By automating certain aspects of the decision-making process, Nevada aims to expedite the resolution of its backlog and ensure that unemployed citizens receive their benefits promptly.

Carl Stanfield, DETR’s information technology administrator, shared his enthusiasm about the AI’s prospects, labeling the time savings as “phenomenal.” He emphasized that the AI system could greatly enhance the efficiency of the appeals process, better positioning the state to serve its residents.

### Ethical and Legal Challenges: A Complex Dilemma

While the introduction of AI could expedite the appeals process, it simultaneously raises significant ethical and legal issues. Experts, including legal scholars and former Department of Labor officials, have cautioned that an emphasis on speed might lead to hurried decisions, with human reviewers potentially endorsing AI-generated rulings without adequate examination. This situation could result in inaccurate decisions that are challenging to contest in court.

A primary concern is that AI errors—arising from bias, hallucinations, or inadvertent mistakes—could compromise claimants’ ability to appeal. In certain situations, a district court may lack the authority to override the decision of the appeal referee, meaning an erroneous AI ruling could have enduring repercussions for claimants.

Google has recognized that its AI models are not perfect. Studies indicate that Google’s models deliver incorrect or misleading outputs between 17% and 33% of the time, and provide incomplete responses between 18% and 63% of the time. Google’s responsible AI guidelines highlight the importance of continuous oversight of AI systems, cautioning that “issues will arise” since “any model of the world is nearly always flawed.”

### Privacy and Security: Protecting Sensitive Information

Another pivotal consideration is the safeguarding of private information. Unemployment appeals frequently involve the sharing of personal data, such as tax information, social security numbers, and insights into a claimant’s health, family, and financial status. Nevada officials have reassured the public that Google will not access this sensitive data for any purpose apart from processing the appeals.

However, the state has yet to complete a “security impact analysis” to evaluate any potential cybersecurity threats tied to the AI system. The 2024 budget document mentioned that while Google’s technology is “well-established,” it also introduces “several cybersecurity concerns” that need to be tackled before full deployment of the system.

### Balancing Innovation with Responsibility

Despite these worries, Nevada officials maintain a hopeful outlook regarding AI’s potential to enhance government operations. DETR director Christopher Sewell, who initially voiced skepticism

“MNT Reform Next: A Combination of Open Source Hardware and Enhanced Usability”

### MNT Reform Next: An Improved, Open-Source Laptop for Today’s World

The initial **MNT Reform laptop** made headlines in the technology sector as a daring initiative in open-source hardware and software. It was crafted with transparency, user-modifiability, and repairability as foundational aspects. However, despite its commendable goals, the laptop’s bulky design and lackluster performance, particularly due to its sluggish processor, left users looking for a contemporary, Internet-ready device wanting.

Fast forward to 2024, and **MNT Research** has returned with a noteworthy enhancement: the **MNT Reform Next**. This latest version seeks to rectify the flaws of its forerunner while upholding the same open-source ideology that distinguished the original Reform. Let’s explore the essential features and advancements of the MNT Reform Next.

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### A More Compact, Efficient Form Factor

One of the standout modifications in the MNT Reform Next is its **more compact and slimmer form**. The original Reform was recognized for its hefty design, which, while practical, was hardly elegant. MNT Research has succeeded in reducing the laptop’s dimensions without compromising its core tenets of user-repairability and modular design.

The size reduction is mainly attributed to two innovative design elements:
1. **Enhanced Battery Packs**: The new battery units are more compact yet still **user-replaceable**, an uncommon trait in the increasingly enclosed consumer tech landscape. These **LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate)** batteries provide a blend of safety, eco-friendliness, and durability. Additionally, for those prioritizing extended battery life over safety, the motherboard features switches for using **Li-ion batteries** instead.

2. **Modular Motherboard Configuration**: Rather than utilizing a single extensive motherboard, the Reform Next incorporates **several smaller boards**. This modular framework not only aids in creating a sleeker profile but also simplifies the process of replacing individual parts. The motherboard is organized into a **CPU module** and three distinct **”port boards”** that manage both internal and external connections, streamlining repairs and upgrades.

—

### Under the Hood: A More Robust Processor

A critical deficiency of the original MNT Reform was its slow performance, primarily attributed to its outdated **NXP/Freescale processor**. The MNT Reform Next addresses this with a **Rockchip RK3588 processor upgrade**. This SoC (System on Chip) boasts:
– **Four ARM Cortex-A76 CPU cores** (mirroring the cores found in the Raspberry Pi 5’s Broadcom SoC).
– **Four ARM Cortex-A55 cores** optimized for efficiency.
– Options for **16GB or 32GB of RAM**.

While this processor may not transform the Reform Next into a high-end heavyweight, it represents a significant step up from its predecessor. The upgraded specifications should enable the laptop to capably manage everyday tasks such as web browsing, productivity applications, and light development work.

—

### A More Conventional Input Interface

Another significant alteration is the transition from the distinctive trackball of the original Reform to a more standard **glass trackpad**. While the trackball was an unusual and engaging feature, it wasn’t universally appealing. The glass trackpad offers a familiar and user-friendly alternative for the majority, thereby enhancing the laptop’s accessibility to a wider audience.

—

### Connectivity and Upgrade Options

The MNT Reform Next does not compromise on ports or upgradeability. It includes:
– **HDMI and USB-C ports** for up-to-date connectivity.
– **Four PCIe lanes** internally, enabling users to connect **M.2 storage** or various expansion cards.

This level of expandability is uncommon in current laptops, especially those that favor slim designs. The Reform Next finds a sweet spot between slimness and the versatility that power users and enthusiasts desire.

—

### Open-Source Philosophy: Still Central

Just like the original MNT Reform, the Reform Next is anchored in the tenets of **open-source hardware and software**. This ensures that users have complete access to the laptop’s design files, schematics, and source code. Whether you are a developer eager to modify the system or a hardware fan looking to alter the laptop’s components, the Reform Next empowers you with the freedom to do so.

This open-source attitude also applies to the operating system. The laptop operates on **Linux**, allowing users the liberty to install their favorite distributions. This adaptability is refreshing in a landscape where most laptops are shackled with proprietary software and restricted customization possibilities.

—

### Availability and Cost

Currently, the MNT Reform Next remains in the **prototype phase**. MNT Research has a history of publicizing products long before they hit the market, and the Reform Next follows this pattern. To procure one of the initial batches, you’ll need to support the project via the **Crowd**.

“Captivating Footage Shows Japanese Eels Slipping Away Through Gills of Predatory Fish”

### The Amazing Evasion of the Japanese Eel: A Fish That Defies Death from Within a Predator

Envision yourself as a Japanese eel, gliding harmoniously in the water, when abruptly—bam!—a predatory fish gobbles you up whole. Suddenly, you are engulfed in a murky, acidic, and oxygen-starved setting, with mere minutes to evade inevitable doom. What are your options? Recent research featured in *Current Biology* reveals that Japanese eels have developed an astonishing survival tactic: they wriggle out of their predator’s digestive tract by reversing tail-first through the esophagus and surfacing from the gills.

This extraordinary ability uniquely positions the Japanese eel (*Anguilla japonica*) as the only fish species known to escape a predator’s digestive system post-swallowing. The investigation, spearheaded by Yuha Hasegawa and Yuuki Kawabata from Nagasaki University, sheds light on the survival maneuvers of prey after they fall into the clutches of their predators.

### An Exceptional Escape Strategy

The research builds upon previous insights from Hasegawa and his team, who had previously recorded instances of Japanese eels surfacing from the gills of predatory fish after ingestion. Yet, the precise mechanics behind this remarkable escape had remained elusive. To delve into the particulars, the scientists employed X-ray videography to closely monitor the behavior of Japanese eels within the digestive systems of their predators, specifically *Odontobutis obscura*.

To facilitate tracking of the eels’ movements, the researchers injected barium sulfate into the eels’ abdominal cavity and tail. They subsequently placed the eels in a tank with *O. obscura* and documented the events following their swallowing.

### The Countdown to Freedom

Upon being swallowed, the eels entered a daunting environment. The digestive system of *O. obscura* possesses a highly acidic composition and minimal oxygen levels, conditions lethal to eels in just over three minutes—precisely 211.9 seconds. Out of 32 eels consumed during the trial, 13 (approximately 40.6%) succeeded in thrusting at least their tails out through the predator’s gills. Among these 13, nine (69.2%) successfully managed their exit within an average time of 56 seconds.

The escape tactic entails the eels swimming backward through the digestive system, tail-first, towards the predator’s esophagus and gills. Once their tails protrude from the gills, they coil their bodies to pull their heads free and finalize their escape. The researchers observed that the duration from the eel’s tail emerging from the gills to its complete escape is vital for survival.

### Head-First Ingestion Aids Escape

Interestingly, eels have a greater likelihood of escaping when swallowed head-first. This alignment facilitates easier backward swimming toward the esophagus and gills. Conversely, eels fully consumed by the predator’s stomach often swam in circles, likely searching for an exit. Of the 11 eels that found themselves entirely in the stomach, five successfully positioned their tails towards the esophagus to escape, while two perished after swimming in the opposite direction.

“The most astonishing moment in this study was capturing the first images of eels fleeing by retracing their route up the digestive tract towards the gill of the prey fish,” co-author Yuuki Kawabata remarked. “Initially, we assumed that the eels would escape directly from the mouth to the gill. However, against our predictions, observing the eels’ frantic flight from the predator’s stomach to the gills was truly incredible.”

### Other Instances of Post-Swallow Escapes

While the escape mechanism of the Japanese eel is unparalleled among fish, other creatures have developed similarly remarkable methods to survive post-ingestion. For instance, the parasitic worm *Paragordius tricuspidatus* can force its way out of a predator’s digestive system after its host is consumed. Another intriguing case involves the aquatic beetle *Regimbartia attenuata*, which can traverse the digestive tract of a frog and escape through its anus, unharmed. In a study conducted in 2020, 19 out of 20 beetles emerged unscathed, with one beetle escaping in a mere five minutes.

Bombardier beetles (*Pheropsophus jessoensis*) have also fashioned a distinctive defense tactic. When ingested by a toad, they exude toxic substances that prompt the toad to regurgitate them. In prior experiments, between 35% and 57% of toads expelled the beetles within 50 minutes, thereby ensuring the beetles’ survival.

### Significance for Evolutionary Biology

The Japanese eel’s

Sony Introduces PS5 Pro: Upgraded Graphics Edition Set at $700, Releasing on November 7

**Sony Introduces PlayStation 5 Pro: Upgraded Graphics, Performance, and Storage**

Sony has officially introduced the PlayStation 5 Pro, a mid-cycle enhancement to its well-received PlayStation 5 console, which debuted in 2020. The PS5 Pro touts upgraded performance, increased frame rates, and superior graphical quality, all while ensuring compatibility with the current PS5 game catalog. The new console is set to launch on November 7, 2024, with a retail price of $699.99.

### Major Hardware Improvements

The PS5 Pro comes with several significant hardware enhancements compared to the standard PS5 model, such as:

– **2TB of Solid-State Drive**: Doubling the storage from the original PS5’s 1TB, the PS5 Pro offers greater space for games, updates, and downloadable content (DLC).

– **No Integrated Disc Drive**: The PS5 Pro will not feature an Ultra HD Blu-ray disc drive by default. However, Sony plans to provide an optional disc drive accessory for users who prefer physical media.

– **Enhanced GPU**: The PS5 Pro includes a considerably larger GPU, boasting up to 45% quicker rendering speeds. This is made possible by 67% more compute units and 28% faster video RAM relative to the original PS5. These advancements will facilitate smoother gameplay at elevated resolutions, with numerous games operating at 60 frames per second (fps) while delivering near-fidelity graphics.

### Performance and Visual Advancements

In a video briefing, Sony’s chief system architect, Mark Cerny, detailed that the PS5 Pro aims to bridge the performance disparity found in many PS5 titles. Players frequently have to choose between “fidelity” mode, which emphasizes higher resolution, and “performance” mode, which prioritizes smoother frame rates. Cerny mentioned that roughly 75% of players choose the latter, forgoing visual quality for enhanced gameplay fluidity.

The PS5 Pro seeks to remove this trade-off by providing both high frame rates and improved visuals. Cerny pointed out that the new system will achieve “nearly fidelity-level graphics at ‘performance’ frame rates” of 60 fps in many current PS5 titles. This represents a key enhancement for gamers desiring an optimal mix of beautiful visuals and seamless gameplay.

### Ray Tracing and AI Upscaling

A standout characteristic of the PS5 Pro is its enhanced ray-tracing functionality. Ray tracing is a rendering technique that mimics how light interacts with objects in a virtual environment, yielding more authentic reflections, shadows, and lighting effects. Cerny revealed that the PS5 Pro will provide a “streamlined and accelerated method” for ray tracing, with rays computed at “twice or even thrice the speeds of PlayStation 5.”

For instance, in *Gran Turismo 7*, the PS5 Pro will facilitate ray-traced reflections between vehicles while preserving a frame rate of 60 fps. In a similar vein, *Hogwarts Legacy* will gain more realistic shadow effects, enriching the overall graphic experience.

Moreover, the PS5 Pro introduces an “AI library” dubbed PlayStation Spectral Super Resolution (PSSR). This AI-guided upscaling technology automatically sharpens in-game visuals, enhancing distant objects and crowds for more detail. Cerny showcased how *Ratchet & Clank: Rift Apart* benefits from this feature, revealing clearer visuals within crowded scenes.

### PS5 Pro Enhanced Games

Sony has declared that titles optimized for the PS5 Pro will display the “PS5 Pro Enhanced” badge. These games will fully utilize the console’s upgraded GPU and additional hardware enhancements. Some prominent titles set to receive the “PS5 Pro Enhanced” designation include:

– *Alan Wake 2*
– *Assassin’s Creed: Shadows*
– *Demon’s Souls*
– *Dragon’s Dogma 2*
– *Final Fantasy 7 Rebirth*
– *Gran Turismo 7*
– *Hogwarts Legacy*
– *Horizon Forbidden West*
– *Marvel’s Spider-Man 2*
– *Ratchet & Clank: Rift Apart*
– *The Crew Motorfest*
– *The First Descendant*
– *The Last of Us Part II Remastered*

Beyond these enhanced titles, Sony will also introduce a “PS5 Pro Game Boost” feature. This will stabilize or elevate the performance of compatible PS4 and PS5 games, even if they haven’t been specifically optimized for the PS5 Pro.

### Reflecting on the PS4 Pro and Mid-Generation Upgrades

The PS5 Pro takes inspiration from the PS4 Pro, which was released in 2016 as a mid-cycle enhancement to the PlayStation 4. The PS4 Pro provided higher resolutions and quicker frame rates, enhancing the gaming experience for players without necessitating developers to create entirely new games. The PS5

Diamond-Producing Machines for Sale on Alibaba Priced at $200,000

### The Emergence of Lab-Created Diamonds: Technological Advancements, Industry Influence, and Prospective Opportunities

In a time when almost everything is available for purchase online, it’s hardly shocking that machines designed for diamond creation can now be found on platforms like Alibaba. For approximately $200,000, one can acquire a device capable of generating synthetic diamonds, highlighting the significant transformation the diamond industry has undergone in recent years. This shift towards more accessible diamond manufacture mirrors a larger movement that began over fifty years ago, continuously altering both the jewelry and industrial landscapes.

#### A Snapshot of Lab-Created Diamonds’ History

The origin of lab-created diamonds can be traced back to the 1950s when Howard Tracy Hall, a chemist at General Electric, achieved the successful synthesis of diamonds in a laboratory. Hall employed a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) approach that replicated the natural conditions conducive to diamond formation deep within the Earth’s crust. This breakthrough initiated a new chapter in diamond production.

Since then, advancements in technology have progressed remarkably, leading to two main techniques for producing lab-grown diamonds: the HPHT method and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Both approaches are now available to the public, with machines featured on Alibaba starting around $200,000 for HPHT models and $450,000 for CVD devices.

#### Understanding the Technology of Lab-Created Diamonds

1. **HPHT (High-Pressure, High-Temperature) Method**: This technique simulates the natural environment in which diamonds are formed. A small diamond “seed” is placed within a chamber alongside a carbon source (typically graphite) and subjected to extraordinary pressure and temperatures exceeding 2,000°C. Metal catalysts such as iron or cobalt are utilized to encourage the growth of the diamond crystal.

2. **CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)**: In this procedure, a diamond seed is positioned in a vacuum chamber filled with methane and hydrogen gases. The gases are heated to form a plasma, which decomposes the methane, allowing carbon atoms to accumulate on the seed and develop into a diamond layer by layer. CVD provides more precise control over the diamond’s attributes, including size and purity.

Both methods necessitate a considerable level of expertise, materials, and energy for operation. For instance, HPHT machines require high-quality graphite and metal catalysts, while CVD machines necessitate a consistent supply of methane and hydrogen gases, along with microwave or hot filament systems for plasma generation. Moreover, diamond seed crystals are crucial for initiating the growth process.

#### The Obstacles of Operating a Diamond Production Machine

Though acquiring a diamond production machine might appear to be the ultimate DIY endeavor, it is far from straightforward. These machines demand specialized knowledge to regulate growth parameters, manage hazardous materials, and maintain high-pressure systems. Furthermore, energy consumption is substantial, and ongoing maintenance is vital to ensure efficient operation.

For those contemplating entering the diamond production sector, it’s crucial to recognize that the process entails more than merely purchasing a machine. Access to a dependable supply of raw materials, proficiency in diamond growth processes, and the capability to refine raw diamonds into usable gems or industrial parts are essential. Additionally, compliance with safety regulations and environmental guidelines may be necessary, further complicating operations.

#### The Significant Diamond Surplus

As lab-created diamonds become increasingly available, the industry is confronting an unforeseen issue: a surplus of diamonds. This overabundance is partly attributed to improvements in both synthetic diamond production technologies and natural diamond extraction methods. For instance, De Beers, a company previously known for its dominance in the natural diamond sphere, now produces synthetic diamonds through its research and development branch, Element Six. These lab-grown diamonds boast such purity that they are utilized in advanced applications, including diamond windows for laser technology.

On the natural diamond side, innovations like industrial X-ray systems have transformed the extraction process. These systems enable miners to investigate rocks before crushing them, preserving large diamonds that could otherwise be lost. This has resulted in the discovery of enormous diamonds, such as a 2,492-carat stone uncovered using X-ray technology. However, this has also led to an oversupply of substantial diamonds, which often exceed the usual size for jewelry pieces.

#### The Effect on the Diamond Market

The surplus of diamonds, both synthetic and natural, is redefining the industry. Lab-created diamonds, once viewed as a specialty item, are now readily available in larger quantities. They can even be purchased by the kilogram on Alibaba, with prices differing based on whether one is buying industrial diamond grit for grinding and polishing or high-quality, round brilliant cut diamonds for jewelry use.

This saturation of diamonds challenges the traditional view of them as rare and valuable gemstones. For many years, De Beers promoted diamonds as symbols of love and devotion, creating a cultural link between diamonds and engagement rings. Yet, as lab-created diamonds gain popularity and affordability, this narrative is beginning to be reevaluated.

#### The Prospective Future of Diamonds: From Jewelry to Advanced Technologies

While the oversupply of diamonds might present challenges for the