AllYouCanTech

US Copyright Office Allows Repair of McFlurry Ice Cream Machines, Relaxing Limitations

# Soft-Serve Equipment Granted a Not-Quite-Perfect Exemption from DMCA Bypass Rule

In a notable achievement for consumer rights and the right-to-repair initiative, the US Copyright Office has approved an exemption under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) permitting the repair of retail-grade food preparation devices, including the notoriously temperamental soft-serve ice cream machines found in McDonald’s outlets. This ruling, praised by consumer advocacy organizations such as Public Knowledge and iFixit, is anticipated to simplify the process for franchise owners and independent repair services to fix these machines without apprehension of legal consequences.

## The “Liberate the McFlurry” Campaign

This ruling follows a dedicated effort by Public Knowledge and iFixit, who requested the exemption last year. The advocacy groups contended that the DMCA’s limitations on circumventing digital protections, even for non-infringing reasons like repairs, were obstructing small enterprises and franchise owners from maintaining their equipment. Meredith Rose, Senior Policy Counsel at Public Knowledge, referred to the ruling as a triumph for “franchise operators, independent repair providers, and anyone who has had to entice their children with a frozen treat on long car journeys.”

Although the ruling isn’t as extensive as the groups had desired, it still marks considerable progress. “We will persist in addressing ineffectual laws hindering the right to repair, sprinkling victories for consumers along the way,” stated Rose. “Today’s achievement may not be parfait, but it’s certainly quite enjoyable.”

## DMCA Section 1201: An Obstacle to Repair

The exemption pertains to Section 1201 of the DMCA, which prohibits circumventing digital locks safeguarding copyrighted materials, such as software within devices, even when there is no infringement of copyright. This section has long posed a challenge to the right-to-repair movement, as it restricts consumers and independent repair shops from accessing the software necessary to diagnose and repair many contemporary machines.

Public Knowledge and iFixit specifically sought an exemption for the diagnosis, upkeep, and repair of commercial and industrial food preparation tools. The final ruling from the US Copyright Office, approved by Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden, grants this exemption for retail-grade equipment, while stopping short of encompassing industrial units.

## Retail-Grade Equipment vs. Industrial Units

The ruling pertains to retail-grade food preparation machinery, like the soft-serve ice cream devices utilized in fast-food establishments such as McDonald’s. However, it does not cover larger, industrial-grade machines. The Copyright Office noted that while retail machines serve similar functions, industrial machines may vary considerably in software and hardware, and insufficient evidence existed to support extending the exemption to those designs.

The decision received backing from various government bodies, including the Department of Justice Antitrust Division, the Federal Trade Commission, and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration. These agencies argued that the repair limitations on these machines were detrimental to small businesses and consumers.

## The Dilemma with Soft-Serve Machines

The soft-serve ice cream machines at McDonald’s, especially those produced by Taylor Company, have gained notoriety for their frequent malfunctions and obscure error codes. Franchise operators have long voiced frustration that repairing these machines necessitates traversing a maze of nonsensical error messages, many of which are not fully elaborated in user guides. Complicating matters, these error codes frequently alter with firmware updates, making it challenging for even authorized technicians to stay informed.

One major concern is the existence of “technological protection measures” (TPMs) that block users from accessing the diagnostic software of the machine. These TPMs require either a code or a proprietary diagnostic device to unlock, and circumventing them without consent could result in legal repercussions under the DMCA. Consequently, numerous franchise owners have had to depend on costly service visits from authorized technicians, leading to lost revenue and increased exasperation.

The Copyright Office’s ruling acknowledges these obstacles, stating that “diagnosing the soft-serve machine’s error codes for repair purposes often necessitates accessing software on the machine that is safeguarded by TPMs.” The ruling also highlights that the threat of legal action has discouraged many users from attempting to self-repair the machines.

## The Kytch vs. McDonald’s Lawsuit

This ruling also arises amidst ongoing litigation between Kytch, a firm that created a device aimed at assisting McDonald’s franchise owners in keeping their ice cream machines operational. Kytch’s device enabled users to circumvent certain limitations imposed by Taylor’s machines, granting them enhanced repair capabilities. Nevertheless, Kytch claims that McDonald’s and Taylor colluded to eliminate the company from the market by dissuading franchise owners from using the device.

Kytch initiated legal action against McDonald’s in 2022, accusing the fast-food corporation of engaging in anti-competitive practices. The lawsuit remains in progress, but both parties have suggested they are pursuing a settlement.

## Opposition

Join Us on Tuesday for a Conversation About the Possible Advantages of GLP-1 Medications Beyond Weight Reduction

### The Ascendancy of GLP-1 Medications: A Transformative Journey in Addressing Diabetes, Obesity, and More

In the past few years, GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medications have emerged as a significant breakthrough in the healthcare sector. Their innovative effectiveness in managing Type 2 diabetes and obesity, along with their potential uses across various other health issues, has made these medications a central topic of both scientific inquiry and public attention. Nonetheless, despite appearances, GLP-1 medications have been in development, along with the underlying science, for many decades.

On October 29, Dr. Daniel Drucker, a prominent authority in GLP-1 exploration, will participate in a live forum to examine the prospects of these highly regarded drugs. Dr. Drucker, a senior researcher at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute and a professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto, has played a crucial role in GLP-1 studies right from their inception. His research has been key in comprehending the biology of this influential hormone and its analogs in treating various diseases.

### The Research Underpinning GLP-1 Medications

GLP-1 is an incretin hormone instrumental in moderating blood glucose levels and appetite. Initially, scientists posited that GLP-1 medications primarily functioned within the gastrointestinal tract to lower blood sugar levels and enhance feelings of fullness. This was logical, considering that the hormone is released in the intestines in response to dietary intake.

However, newer research has demonstrated that GLP-1 medications affect the brain as well. The molecular receptors for GLP-1 are located not just in the gut but also throughout the body, including the central nervous system, heart, blood vessels, liver, and kidneys. Within the brain, these receptors contribute to appetite regulation and inflammation control, opening exciting avenues for treating chronic conditions that extend beyond diabetes and obesity.

### A Track Record of Achievements

The effectiveness of GLP-1 medications, such as Wegovy and Ozempic, in managing Type 2 diabetes and obesity has been truly astounding. For instance, Wegovy, an injectable prescription weight-loss solution, has aided numerous individuals facing obesity challenges. These medications operate by mimicking the role of the GLP-1 hormone, which assists in controlling blood sugar levels and diminishing appetite, resulting in considerable weight loss for many users.

The influence of these medications has been so significant that they have gained recognition in everyday conversations, frequently spotlighted in the media and witnessing rising patient demand. Nevertheless, this wave of success has created hurdles, including drug shortages and elevated prices, igniting discussions regarding accessibility and affordability.

### The Horizon: Emerging Uses and Ongoing Studies

Although GLP-1 medications have already established themselves as revolutionary tools in combating diabetes and obesity, researchers are now probing their potential in other chronic health issues. Given the widespread presence of GLP-1 receptors in diverse organs and tissues, scientists are looking into how these medications might be utilized for cardiovascular diseases, liver conditions, and even neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s.

For example, GLP-1’s anti-inflammatory capacity in the brain has prompted investigations into its efficacy for treating ailments such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, the discovery of GLP-1 receptors in the heart and blood vessels has encouraged studies on its cardiovascular advantages, particularly in diminishing the likelihood of heart attacks and strokes among diabetic patients.

### A Dialogue with Dr. Daniel Drucker

To further explore the intricacies and future possibilities of GLP-1 medications, Dr. Daniel Drucker will engage in a live discussion on October 29 at 3:30 pm ET. As a trailblazer in the field, Dr. Drucker will provide his expertise on the progression of GLP-1 medications, their present uses, and the thrilling prospects that await.

Dr. Drucker’s contributions to GLP-1 research have been fundamental in enhancing our understanding of how these medications function and their transformative potential in chronic disease management. His work has not only furthered endocrinology as a science but has also significantly impacted the lives of millions globally.

### Participate in the Discussion

This live session promises to be an engaging investigation into the past, present, and future of GLP-1 medications. Whether you are a medical professional, a patient, or simply curious about the latest breakthroughs in medical science, this conversation with Dr. Drucker is an event you will not want to miss.

You can join the livestream on YouTube by following [this link](https://youtube.com/live/eLI6dYmtmGo?feature=share). Additionally, you can add the event to your calendar using

Court Declines Video Game Libraries’ Attempt to Legally Replicate Physical Game Collections on the Internet

# Register of Copyrights Aligns with Industry’s “Market Harm” Claim for Reissued Games

In a recent ruling, the U.S. Copyright Office has once again denied a plea from video game archivists aiming for a legal DMCA exemption that would permit them to distribute emulated versions of classic video games online for research purposes. This decision necessitates that researchers physically visit archives, like the Strong Museum of Play in Rochester, NY, to access rare and out-of-print games. The ruling has generated discontent among preservationists and academics, who maintain that the existing framework hinders research and the safeguarding of gaming history.

## The Request for a DMCA Exemption

Earlier this year, video game archivists, including groups like the Video Game History Foundation (VGHF), sought a DMCA exemption that would enable them to share emulated versions of their physical game collections with researchers from a distance. This would have allowed scholars to access rare and out-of-print games without needing to travel to designated physical sites, such as museums or university archives.

However, the U.S. Copyright Office dismissed this request, supporting the Entertainment Software Association (ESA) and other industry stakeholders who contended that granting remote access to these games could open up a legal loophole for an “online arcade.” The industry is concerned that this could negatively impact the market for classic game re-releases, which have increasingly become a significant revenue stream for publishers.

## The “Market Harm” Argument

In its ruling, the Register of Copyrights highlighted the possible market harm that could arise if remote access to emulated games were permitted. The entertainment sector has progressively re-released classic games for contemporary platforms, and the Register acknowledged the existence of a “healthy” market for these reissues. While some older games may not boast a viable reissue market, the Register contended that the danger of market harm outweighed the advantages of allowing remote access for researchers.

“While advocates are accurate that some older games will not have a reissue market, they admit there is a ‘healthy’ market for other reissued games and that the industry has been making ‘greater concerted efforts’ to reissue titles,” the Register stated. The ruling also pointed out that the preventive measures suggested by archivists to curb recreational use of the games were insufficiently detailed to ensure that market harm would be averted.

This position struck a chord with the Copyright Office, despite a VGHF study indicating that **87% of classic games are currently no longer in print**, rendering them unavailable to both the public and researchers.

## The Role of Emulation in Preservation

A central point of disagreement in this discussion is the function of emulation in preserving video games. Emulation allows legacy games to be played on modern devices, rendering it an essential tool for maintaining gaming history. However, the Register of Copyrights observed that emulation has been “historically linked to piracy,” which raises concerns about the possible abuse of emulated games if they were to be made accessible remotely.

This link to piracy has long been a source of irritation for preservationists. In fact, VGHF founder Frank Cifaldi delivered a talk at the 2016 Game Developers Conference (GDC) asserting that emulation should not be vilified, as it is vital for preserving games that would otherwise fade into obscurity. Ironically, the Copyright Office’s decision referenced Cifaldi’s talk as support for the piracy apprehensions surrounding emulation.

In response, Cifaldi humorously remarked on social media, “The moment I became the Joker is when someone in charge of copyright law watched my GDC talk about how it’s wrong to associate emulation with piracy and their takeaway was ’emulation is associated with piracy.'”

## The Impact on Researchers

The ruling has far-reaching consequences for researchers delving into video game history. At present, the sole method to access many classic games is to journey to specific archives, such as the Strong Museum of Play or the University of Michigan’s Computer and Video Game Archive. For scholars who reside far from these institutions, the financial and temporal costs of travel can be significant obstacles.

NYU professor Laine Nooney, a fervent supporter of the DMCA exemption, argued that video game researchers encounter distinct challenges compared to scholars in other disciplines. “Frankly, my colleagues in literary studies or film history have pretty routine and regular access to digitized versions of the things they study,” Nooney expressed to the Copyright Office earlier this year. “These [travel] obstacles

Elon Musk’s Discussions with Vladimir Putin: Consequences for SpaceX and International Relations

### NASA Chief Urges Inquiry into Elon Musk’s Suspected Links with Putin

A recent article from *The Wall Street Journal* has brought to light that Elon Musk, the leader of SpaceX and Tesla, is reportedly in frequent communication with Russian President Vladimir Putin over the last two years. These discussions are said to involve various issues ranging from geopolitics to business and personal subjects. Although the report lacks verification from credible sources, it has raised substantial alarm among U.S. officials, especially those in national security and space exploration.

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson voiced his worries about the situation, asserting that if these allegations hold any truth, it would be troubling, particularly for NASA and the Department of Defense. Nelson has requested a probe into the situation to assess the degree of Musk’s interactions with the Russian president.

### The Purported Discussions

The *Wall Street Journal* indicates that multiple current and former officials from the U.S., Europe, and Russia have suggested that Musk has been in touch with Putin. However, Musk has refrained from commenting on this information, and a spokesperson for Putin has minimized the assertions, claiming that they have engaged in only a single phone call. In spite of the absence of confirmation, the news has drawn attention due to its credibility, particularly in light of Musk’s growing role in international matters and his perceived stature as a global influencer.

This isn’t the first instance where rumors of Musk’s communication with Putin have emerged. In 2022, reports claimed Musk had conversed with the Russian leader, but those assertions were also faced with skepticism and denial by official parties.

### Musk’s Intentions

The motivations behind Musk’s supposed conversations with Putin remain ambiguous, especially given that neither of his primary companies—SpaceX and Tesla—engage in direct business with the Russian government. In fact, SpaceX’s emergence as a leading force in the aerospace industry has adversely affected Russia’s space sector. SpaceX’s achievements have enabled the U.S. to lessen its dependence on Russian rocket engines, thereby diminishing the demand for Russian commercial launch offerings. Moreover, SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft has permitted NASA to cease payments to Russia amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars each year for transport to the International Space Station.

One interpretation of Musk’s supposed dialogues with Putin could be his ambition to establish himself as a grand mediator. Musk has voiced a desire to address the Ukraine situation and other worldwide challenges, viewing his interactions with global leaders as a method to promote his ideas and sway international policies. Musk’s opportunistic character and confidence in his capacity to navigate complex geopolitical dynamics may also influence his dealings with Putin.

### Concerns for U.S. National Security

The alleged links between Musk and Putin have raised red flags among U.S. legislators, particularly concerning national security matters. SpaceX plays a crucial role in the U.S. space agenda and holds contracts with the Department of Defense for delicate operations. Musk’s access to classified information related to national security assets, including reconnaissance satellites, has prompted some to wonder if his discussions with Putin could jeopardize U.S. interests.

The timing of these alleged exchanges is also noteworthy, coinciding with Musk’s growing alignment with conservative politics and his acquisition of Twitter (now X). Over the last couple of years, Musk’s rapport with the U.S. government has witnessed increased strain, and his political maneuvers raise concerns regarding his sway over essential industries, such as space exploration and electric vehicles.

### Musk’s Political Realignment

Musk’s political engagement has sparked debate in recent times. His support for former President Donald Trump and his transition toward conservative viewpoints have polarized public sentiment. Musk has poured over $100 million into Trump’s electoral campaign and has been spotted at rallies donning a “Make America Great Again” hat. His use of X for promoting partisan perspectives and disseminating misinformation has further estranged certain sectors of American society.

For numerous Americans, Musk’s mounting involvement in politics is concerning, particularly in light of his considerable influence over sectors vital to the nation’s prospects. Both Tesla and SpaceX are regarded as frontrunners in their domains, and Musk’s personal reputation is intricately linked to these companies’ success. Nonetheless, his political stances have already influenced Tesla, with reports indicating that his alignment with conservative ideals has adversely affected sales among Democratic-leaning consumers.

### Consequences for SpaceX

The worries surrounding Musk’s purported interactions with Putin could bring about notable ramifications for SpaceX. As the firm remains integral to U.S. space exploration and national safety, any perceived risk to its association with the U.S. government might result in heightened scrutiny. Some critics have even suggested revoking Musk’s national security clearance, potentially limiting his access to sensitive data and threatening SpaceX’s agreements with the Department of Defense.

Furthermore, the U.S. Space Force is in the process of awarding contracts for national security launch operations, and it could be that Musk’s political undertakings might affect the

JetBrains Rider IDE to Be Available at No Cost for the First Time

# JetBrains Rider Free for Non-Commercial Use: A Revolutionary Change for Developers

In a major development that is poised to transform the landscape of integrated development environments (IDEs), JetBrains has unveiled that its well-received IDE, **Rider**, is now accessible at no cost for non-commercial purposes. This is the first instance where Rider, a long-time favorite among specific developer circles, is being provided without a paid license for hobbyists, open-source contributors, students, and educators. This decision follows JetBrains’ successful implementation of similar non-commercial free licenses with other products such as **RustRover** and **Aqua**.

## A Lasting Change, Not a Temporary Offer

JetBrains has emphasized that this is not a short-lived offer or a fleeting promotion. Per a

“Discontented Reddit Users Alter Google Search Outcomes, Emphasizing Dangers of AI-Powered Data Extraction”

### The Surge of Misinformation in Restaurant Suggestions: A Redditor’s Worthy Mission?

In a technology-driven world where search engines and AI-generated content shape our exploration of new venues and experiences, an intriguing phenomenon has surfaced on Reddit. Residents of London, exasperated by the wave of tourists and social media influencers flooding their cherished dining spots, have resorted to disseminating false information regarding restaurant suggestions. Their aim? To shield their favorite locations from the crowds of visitors and influencers whom they perceive as detracting from the dining atmosphere.

This movement, which involves recommending chain venues like *Angus Steakhouse* in London’s Leicester Square, underscores a more profound challenge: the fundamental weaknesses in Google Search’s dependence on user-sourced content, especially from sites such as Reddit. It also prompts inquiries about the reliability of AI-generated overviews, including Google’s AI Overview, which seeks to furnish users with prompt, trustworthy responses.

### The Reddit Misinformation Movement

This trend initiated on the *r/London* subreddit, where individuals voiced their dissatisfaction with the increasing sway of social media over local dining establishments. One poster expressed dismay over a beloved eatery in Borough Market being “ruined by influencers” who lined up for meals, only to snap photos and leave most of their food uneaten. The post rapidly gained popularity, amassing over 4,900 upvotes and a deluge of comments. Numerous users proposed that Redditors should begin promoting *Angus Steakhouse*, a familiar yet frequently disregarded chain restaurant, to steer tourists away from more genuine local dining options.

The suggestion gained traction, and soon Reddit threads brimmed with enthusiastic (and sarcastic) testimonials for *Angus Steakhouse*. One user remarked, “I agree with other commenters; Angus Steakhouse is absolutely first-rate and tourists shouldn’t overlook it.” Another wittily stated, “Spreading misinformation has suddenly turned into an admirable endeavor.”

### The Function of Google’s AI Overview

This phenomenon arises at a period when Google is trialing its AI Overview feature, which aspires to deliver summarized answers at the forefront of search results. Launched in the US in May, this feature employs AI algorithms to produce these overviews based on Google’s web rankings. Nonetheless, the feature has been scrutinized for its precision, as some users have highlighted its potential to yield misleading or even hazardous outcomes.

Google’s AI Overview aims to extract data from top-ranking web pages, yet, as many have realized, the caliber of Google’s search outputs has been declining in recent times. SEO manipulations and subpar content frequently rise to the surface, complicating users’ efforts to locate dependable information. Consequently, many individuals have resorted to the “Reddit hack,” appending “site:reddit.com” to their search queries to uncover more authentic, user-generated responses.

However, the *Angus Steakhouse* misinformation trend exemplifies the possible risks of over-relying on user-generated content. While this particular situation may appear innocuous, it highlights the danger of AI systems scraping content from platforms like Reddit, where users might harbor hidden agendas.

### The Consequences for AI Training

Google is not the sole entity that depends on Reddit for information. Indeed, Google has struck a $60 million annual agreement with Reddit for utilizing its content for AI training purposes. OpenAI, the organization behind ChatGPT, has likewise established a similar arrangement with Reddit. These contracts demonstrate the importance that tech companies attribute to user-generated content as a resource for training AI models.

Yet, what occurs when the information being harvested is deliberately misleading or substandard? Steve Huffman, the CEO of Reddit, recently tackled this issue in an interview with *The Wall Street Journal*. He recognized that the volume of AI-generated content on the internet is on the rise, which he claims diminishes the overall quality of online information. Nevertheless, Huffman asserted that this enhances Reddit’s reputation as a platform where users can still access authentic, human-generated content.

Nonetheless, the *Angus Steakhouse* trend poses a crucial inquiry: What transpires when subpar or intentionally misleading human-generated content is employed to train AI models? If AI systems are developed using data that is neither factual nor trustworthy, the generated outcomes could be significantly inaccurate.

### The Wider Ramifications

The *Angus Steakhouse* misinformation trend serves as a minor yet revealing illustration of how user-generated content can be manipulated to steer search results and AI algorithms. While this specific instance might not yield severe repercussions, it acts as a reminder of the potential hazards of depending on platforms like Reddit for accurate information.

As AI continues to assume a more prominent role in our online interactions, companies like Google and OpenAI must confront the quality of data utilized for training their models. In the realm of restaurant suggestions, a handful of sarcastic Reddit threads may not inflict much damage. Yet, in other areas—such as healthcare, finance, or security—misleading information could carry far graver consequences.

For the time being, it appears that the *Angus Steakhouse*

“Astra’s Surprising Resurgence: Challenging Anticipations”

### Astra’s Comeback: A Tale of Tenacity and Ingenuity

In the realm of aerospace startups, encountering failure is frequently a common occurrence rather than a rarity. The narrative of Astra, a petite launch enterprise that dealt with major obstacles, exemplifies the perseverance needed to thrive in this fiercely competitive sector. In spite of multiple launch setbacks, a steep drop in valuation, and the company being taken private, Astra is once again making waves. This time, it’s not due to another failure, but for landing a Department of Defense contract valued at as much as $44 million.

“If I have gleaned anything, it’s that perseverance is crucial,” remarked Chris Kemp, Astra’s co-founder and CEO. This straightforward yet impactful assertion captures the essence of the company’s path from near collapse to the brink of renewal.

### The Bumpy Path to Rocket 4

Astra’s odyssey has been far from easy. Established by Chris Kemp and Adam London, the firm first attracted attention with its small launch vehicle, Rocket 3, crafted to transport payloads to low-Earth orbit. However, Rocket 3 encountered considerable difficulties, experiencing failures in five of its seven orbital launch attempts. These setbacks, along with financial hardships, resulted in a dramatic decline in Astra’s valuation—from $2.6 billion to a mere $25 million. In July 2023, Astra transitioned to private status at just 50 cents per share, a stark contrast to its prior public market introduction.

In light of these challenges, many in the industry had deemed Astra a lost cause. Yet, Kemp and his team were determined to forge ahead. They were not prepared to throw in the towel. Instead, they redirected their efforts towards a new, more ambitious initiative: Rocket 4.

Rocket 4 is engineered to transport up to 600 kg to low-Earth orbit, representing a substantial enhancement compared to its predecessor. Although the launch vehicle remains under development and is not slated for its inaugural flight until at least the fourth quarter of 2025, the project has already attracted interest from key stakeholders, including the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). The DoD’s Defense Innovation Unit bestowed Astra a contract worth up to $44 million for the advancement of a “tactically responsive launch system.”

### A Ray of Optimism: The DoD Contract

The DoD contract marks a pivotal achievement for Astra, not only due to the financial support but also because of the encouraging signal it sends to prospective investors. The contract’s initial ensured value is just over $2 million, with further payments linked to developmental achievements. This funding will facilitate the advancement of Rocket 4 and its prospective applications in operational missions.

Crucially, the contract indicates that Astra’s concept for a mobile, tactically responsive launch system is gaining traction. This system is intended to be incredibly adaptable, allowing for the transportation of the rocket and its support equipment in shipping containers via barge, train, or truck. Such a system could play a vital role in national security, enabling swift deployment of satellites or other payloads to counter emerging threats.

“What we’re developing with this project is incredibly significant for our nation,” Kemp stated. “No one else is creating a tactical mobile launch system. So if that is going to be a reality in America over the next decade, we are the sole team positioned to make that happen.”

### The Future Ahead: Hurdles and Doubts

While the DoD contract heralds a promising step forward, Astra still confronts considerable challenges. The company is currently engaged in constructing and evaluating various components of Rocket 4. It has completed qualification testing of the first-stage tank and is gearing up for qualification assessments of its first-stage engine, which is now comprehensively designed and manufactured in-house. This engine, which incorporates a 3D-printed combustion chamber, signifies a marked advancement for Astra, highlighting the firm’s move toward increased self-sufficiency in its supply chain.

Nevertheless, skepticism persists. Astra’s history with Rocket 3 has left many industry observers wary of the company’s capability to fulfill its commitments. Kemp himself acknowledges the insights gained from previous setbacks, particularly the necessity of integrating reliability into the system from the outset.

“I realized that you cannot add reliability later; it needs to be established from day one,” Kemp noted. “For a reliable system, it begins with analyzing every potential failure and conducting the necessary assessments and groundwork upfront. And we fell short of that with Rocket 3.”

To confront these issues, Astra has enlisted the help of seasoned advisors, including Jim Maser, a prominent figure in the aerospace sector recognized for his dedication to quality control. Maser’s participation serves as an encouraging indication that Astra is taking essential measures to sidestep the missteps that hindered Rocket 3.

### The Investment Dilemma

One of the primary challenges confronting Astra is its ability to attract new investors. The company is actively pursuing $50 million in a Series B funding round to back the development of Rocket 4 and its broader business strategy. Astra currently employs around 150 individuals, the majority of whom are

“X Payments Postponed After Musk’s Sudden Exit from New York License Application”

# The Ambiguous Future of X Payments: Will It Ever Arrive?

As October 2024 approaches, numerous followers of Elon Musk are questioning: where is **X Payments**? This ambitious payment feature, heralded as a fundamental aspect of Musk’s plan to revolutionize X (previously Twitter) into an “everything app,” has yet to become a reality. Despite earlier commitments to launch by mid-2024, the prospects for X Payments seem increasingly unclear, with regulatory challenges and internal obstacles casting uncertainty on its future.

## Musk’s Aspirations for X Payments

Elon Musk envisions X Payments as much more than a mere peer-to-peer transaction system. In a December 2023 **Spaces** discussion with Ark Invest CEO Cathie Wood, Musk articulated his grand vision: to encompass users’ entire financial existence within the X platform. “When I mention payments, I genuinely mean a person’s whole financial life,” Musk stated. “If it involves currency, it’ll be available on our platform. Currency or securities or anything else. So, it isn’t merely about ‘sending $20 to my friend.’ I’m indicating that you won’t even need a bank account.”

This ambitious vision resonates with Musk’s longstanding goal of developing an “everything app,” akin to China’s WeChat, which merges social networking, messaging, and financial services into a singular platform. Musk’s blueprint for X Payments was to enable users to oversee their finances entirely within the app, covering everything from transferring money to friends to managing investments and securities.

Nonetheless, despite this lofty vision, the practicalities of implementing such a service have proven to be significantly more intricate.

## Regulatory Obstacles: The New York Challenge

A primary hurdle confronting X Payments is regulatory sanction, especially within the United States. For X to operate as a payment platform, it must obtain **money transmitter licenses** across all 50 states. Although the company has made strides, having secured licenses in 38 states, including the essential state of California, it has encountered a significant obstacle in New York.

New York’s role as a financial epicenter is critical, and Musk himself has recognized that launching X Payments without securing a New York license would be “irrelevant.” However, in April 2024, X discreetly retracted its application for a money transmitter license in New York. This decision came after a New York City law firm, **Walden Macht Haran & Williams (WMHW)**, dispatched an open letter to attorneys general and banking regulators nationwide, urging them to consider X “unsuitable” for a money transmitter license. The letter highlighted concerns regarding X’s affiliations with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and its supposed role in transnational repression, including the imprisonment of human rights activist Abdulrahman Al-Sadhan and the assassination of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

The withdrawal of the New York application indicates that X may not be equipped to endure the regulatory examination necessary to launch a payment platform in such an essential market. The absence of New York’s endorsement leaves the future of X Payments hanging in the balance.

## The Perils of a Partial Launch

Even if X were to initiate X Payments without New York, it would face substantial obstacles. **Daniela Hawkins**, a global payments authority at Capco, observed that launching a payment service without licenses in every state could create confusion for users. “Users might not understand where they can and cannot transfer funds,” Hawkins noted. “If you launch it with limitations, it’s going to be a rocky start.”

Lacking comprehensive nationwide coverage, users could only send money to individuals in states where X has obtained licenses. This disparity could hinder widespread acceptance, as users may lean towards more dependable options like PayPal or Venmo, which already enjoy complete regulatory clearance throughout the U.S.

## Escalating Regulatory Oversight on Payment Applications

The regulatory environment for payment applications is becoming increasingly intricate, introducing another layer of complexity for X Payments. In October 2024, the **Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)** established a final rule mandating that banks, credit unions, and online payment services simplify the process for customers to transfer their financial data to new providers. While this rule could favor X by granting it fast access to crucial financial data, it also raises issues regarding data privacy and security.

Banks have voiced concerns that the rule may result in a surge of fraud and data breaches, as sensitive financial information is shared with third parties. For X, which has already faced backlash over its management of user data, this could pose a significant obstacle.

## The Difficulties of Becoming a Bank

Musk’s ambition for X Payments extends beyond mere transaction facilitation; he aims for X to evolve into a fully operational financial platform, potentially even supplanting traditional banks. However, this aspiration comes with its own set of difficulties. As Hawkins pointed out, “It’s one thing to wish to transfer money using a payments app. It’s an entirely different matter to operate as a bank.”

Banks are governed by stringent regulations meant to prevent financial crimes, safeguard consumer interests, and maintain the

McDonald’s Outbreak Grows to 75 Cases, 12 Fresh Hospitalizations Observed in 3 More States

### E. Coli Outbreak Associated with McDonald’s Quarter Pounders: Essential Information

In the past few weeks, a notable **E. coli O157:H7 outbreak** has been associated with McDonald’s Quarter Pounder burgers, impacting several states throughout the U.S. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported on Friday that **26 additional cases** have been confirmed, raising the total number of cases to **75**. This marks a 50% rise in cases since October 22, 2024. The outbreak has resulted in **22 hospitalizations** and two occurrences of **hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)**, a serious complication linked to E. coli infections. Unfortunately, one death has also been recorded.

### States Impacted by the Outbreak

The outbreak has now extended to **13 states**, with the latest illness onset dating back to October 10, 2024. The states with verified cases include:

– **Colorado**: 26 cases
– **Montana**: 13 cases
– **Nebraska**: 11 cases
– **New Mexico**: 5 cases
– **Utah**: 5 cases
– **Missouri**: 4 cases
– **Wyoming**: 4 cases
– **Michigan**: 2 cases
– **Iowa, Kansas, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin**: 1 case each

### Origin of the Outbreak

Although the precise source of the outbreak has not been definitively established, investigators are concentrating on the **beef patties** and **sliced onions** utilized in McDonald’s Quarter Pounder burgers. In light of the outbreak, McDonald’s has promptly acted by removing the Quarter Pounder from menus in affected locations and ceasing the distribution of sliced onions from the implicated restaurants.

The impacted regions comprise **Colorado, Kansas, Utah, and Wyoming**, along with areas in **Idaho, Iowa, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, and Oklahoma**.

### Onion Recall and Supplier Measures

On October 23, 2024, **Taylor Farms**, one of McDonald’s onion suppliers, initiated a recall for peeled and diced yellow onion products. Although the company stated that its testing did not reveal E. coli, it opted to proceed with the recall as a precaution. The onions were disposed of to mitigate further risk.

### Effect on Other Fast Food Chains

Other fast food chains, including **Burger King, KFC, Taco Bell, and Pizza Hut**, have also removed onions from their establishments in the affected states. Nevertheless, the CDC has confirmed that no other restaurants or stores have been identified as sources of infection in this current outbreak. According to the CDC, all 42 individuals interviewed so far reported dining at McDonald’s prior to becoming ill, with a majority specifically citing the Quarter Pounder burger.

### CDC’s Risk Evaluation

Despite the increasing number of cases, the CDC believes that the **ongoing risk to the public remains low** due to McDonald’s prompt actions and the recall of potentially contaminated onions. However, the CDC warns that further cases could arise, as it may take **three to four weeks** to connect an illness to an outbreak.

### Legal Proceedings

Several individuals impacted by the outbreak have already initiated lawsuits against McDonald’s. **Clarissa DeBock**, a 33-year-old resident of Nebraska, has filed a lawsuit after receiving emergency treatment for an E. coli infection subsequent to her consumption of a Quarter Pounder on September 18. Likewise, **Eric Stelly** of Colorado experienced severe illness requiring emergency care after eating a Quarter Pounder on October 4. Both are being represented by the law firm **Ron Simon & Associates**, which is also advocating for at least nine other victims.

### High-Risk Groups

The CDC has highlighted that certain populations are more susceptible to severe E. coli infections, including:

– **Children under 5 years old**
– **Adults over 65 years old**
– **Individuals with weakened immune systems**

These groups face a greater risk of developing serious complications, such as **hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)**, which can result in kidney failure.

### E. Coli Infection Symptoms

The initial symptoms of an E. coli O157:H7 infection typically manifest **three to four days** after consuming contaminated food. Common symptoms include:

– **Stomach cramps**
– **Diarrhea (often bloody)**
– **Vomiting**

In more severe instances, individuals may encounter:

– **Diarrhea accompanied by a fever exceeding 102°F**
– **Diarrhea persisting beyond three days without improvement**
– **Bloody diarrhea**
– **Severe vomiting, hindering fluid retention**
– **Signs of dehydration**, such as diminished urination, dry mouth, and dizziness upon standing

### What to Do If You Suspect Infection

Missouri Attorney General Claims Google is Suppressing Trump, Seeks Information on Search Algorithm

# Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey Probes Google for Alleged Suppression of Conservative Voices

Missouri Attorney General Andrew Bailey has initiated an inquiry into Google, alleging that the tech corporation is altering its search algorithms to stifle conservative opinions, especially concerning former President Donald Trump. This action follows mounting apprehensions among conservatives that significant tech entities, including Google, demonstrate bias against right-leaning content, particularly during crucial election cycles.

## Bailey’s Charges Against Google

In a post on X (formerly Twitter), Bailey revealed his investigation, asserting that Google, the foremost search engine in the U.S., is deliberately censoring conservative discourse. He remarked:

> “BREAKING: I am launching an investigation into Google—the largest search engine in America—for censoring conservative speech during the most pivotal election in our country’s history. Google is launching an assault on the democratic process. It’s time to take a stand.”

Bailey’s office has indicated that Google is willfully skewing search outcomes to demote conservative content, rendering it less accessible to users. A representative for Bailey informed the *New York Post* that evidence suggests conservative coverage is being pushed to subsequent pages of search results, such as Page 11, while more liberal content is showcased on earlier pages.

The Missouri Attorney General’s office has announced it will subpoena details regarding Google’s algorithms and other internal mechanisms to ascertain if the company is partaking in unfair business practices by suppressing conservative discourse.

## Google’s Reaction: “These Claims Are Completely False”

Google has vehemently rejected the claims posited by Bailey. In a statement issued to *Ars Technica*, the company stated:

> “These claims are completely false. Independent studies have verified that Google Search is nonpartisan. Our search serves all users, and our business is predicated on providing useful information to everyone—regardless of their political perspectives.”

Google has consistently asserted that its search algorithms are created to deliver the most pertinent and beneficial information to users, regardless of their political leanings. The company has also referenced outside studies that found no proof of systematic bias in its search outcomes.

## Trump’s Advocacy for Google’s Prosecution

Bailey’s inquiry follows former President Donald Trump’s own allegations against Google. In September 2024, Trump posted on his social media platform, Truth Social, accusing Google of engaging in unlawful practices by surfacing negative stories about him while favoring positive narratives about Vice President Kamala Harris. Trump stated:

> “It has been determined that Google has illegally used a system of only revealing and displaying bad stories about Donald J. Trump, some made up for this purpose while, at the same time, only revealing good stories about Comrade Kamala Harris. This is an ILLEGAL ACTIVITY, and hopefully the Justice Department will criminally prosecute them for this blatant Interference of Elections.”

Trump further claimed that if he wins the 2024 presidential election, he would push for Google’s prosecution for what he characterized as election interference.

These allegations are grounded in assertions from the Media Research Center, a conservative watchdog organization, which accused Google of inflating its search results with left-leaning news articles critical of Republicans while amplifying more neutral or favorable content regarding Democrats.

## Google’s Rebuttal to Trump’s Accusations

In response to Trump’s allegations, Google reiterated that its search results are nonpartisan and that both Trump and Harris’s campaign sites consistently ranked high in search results for relevant queries. The company dismissed the Media Research Center’s report, claiming it was based on a unique and infrequent search term on a specific day, and even then, both candidates’ websites appeared prominently.

## Ongoing Republican Criticism of Google

Republican officials have long accused Google and similar tech firms of bias against conservative viewpoints. In December 2018, Google CEO Sundar Pichai faced tough questioning from Republican members of Congress during a House Judiciary Committee hearing regarding concerns over perceived liberal bias in Google’s search results.

In 2022, the Republican National Committee (RNC) filed a lawsuit against Google, alleging that the company’s Gmail spam filter was biased against Republican fundraising emails. This lawsuit was dismissed by a federal judge in August 2023, who determined that the allegations were barred by Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which grants legal immunity to tech platforms for their content moderation choices.

Additionally, in January 2023, the Federal Election Commission (FEC) rejected a related RNC complaint, which accused Google’s spam filtering of constituting illegal in-kind contributions to Democratic candidates. The FEC concluded there was “no reason to believe” that Google’s actions were politically motivated.

## Legal Questions and the First Amendment

The legal landscape surrounding these concerns is intricate, particularly regarding the First Amendment. In 2020, a U.S. appeals court ruled that YouTube, a platform owned by Google, is not bound by First Amendment free speech principles due to its status as a private entity. The court noted: