“Fallout: London – An Extensive Fallout 4 Modification Now Released and Strongly Endorsed”

# Fallout: London – An Essential Total Conversion Mod for Fallout 4

For enthusiasts of Bethesda’s *Fallout* franchise, the gap between official installments can seem like an endless post-apocalyptic stretch. Luckily, the modding community has consistently stepped in to bridge the gap with innovative and ambitious works. One such endeavor, *Fallout: London*, is a total conversion mod for *Fallout 4* that immerses players in a fresh environment complete with unique lore, factions, and ambience. Created by a collective of over 100 modders and voice actors, *Fallout: London* is a heartfelt project that spanned nearly five years to finalize. Despite initial challenges, including compatibility concerns with *Fallout 4’s* next-gen update, the mod has solidified its status as a must-experience for series aficionados.

## A Fresh Wasteland to Discover

*Fallout: London* is set 160 years following the global nuclear conflict, and 40 years prior to the *Fallout 3* timeline. Placed within a post-apocalyptic rendition of London, the mod provides a novel interpretation of the *Fallout* universe. In contrast to the well-known wastelands of the United States, London’s devastation is infused with British culture, history, and architectural flair.

The mod brings forth a plethora of new adversaries, allies, factions, and even mechanics that are not found in the original game. For example, ladders—previously absent in *Fallout 4*—make their debut, introducing a fresh aspect of vertical exploration. The UK alternative to the Pip-Boy 3000, dubbed the Atta-Boy personal computer, serves as a delightful addition for players accustomed to the wrist-mounted version in the original game. Moreover, there’s a dog companion named Churchill, a bulldog that seamlessly integrates into the British backdrop.

## An Extraordinary Narrative

In *Fallout: London*, you assume the role of a character who emerges from an underground chamber—not a Vault, but a comparable structure—and steps into a ravaged London. The city is fragmented by factions with differing ideologies about rebuilding civilization. As with any *Fallout* title, you’ll need to navigate these factions, undertake missions, and determine whom to support or oppose.

The mod’s plot may seem familiar—awakening in a post-apocalyptic landscape and selecting allegiances—but it’s the unique setting and the introduction of new factions that set it apart. The modders have successfully crafted a domain that feels both uniquely British and unmistakably *Fallout*. From canned beans to medieval armaments, the mod abounds with subtle details that enrich the authenticity of the setting.

## Acquiring *Fallout: London*

The simplest method to install *Fallout: London* is to have *Fallout 4: Game of the Year Edition* on GOG. Just install the base game, then download *Fallout: London* from GOG at no cost. However, be advised: the mod will “take over” your *Fallout 4* installation, necessitating the deactivation of cloud saves and a game reinstall should you wish to revert to the base version.

For users on Steam, the steps are slightly more complex. You’ll need to reinstall *Fallout 4*, disable any active mods, erase your saved files, and utilize a custom tool to revert the game to a compatible iteration. An optional fix for prolonged loading times is also available on Nexus Mods. Considering that *Fallout 4 GOTY Edition* frequently retails for $10–$15 on GOG, purchasing a copy there could streamline the installation process.

## A Passionate Effort

In spite of its unofficial status, *Fallout: London* possesses the feeling of a stand-alone game. The modders have designed a world with a unique aesthetic, vision, and array of narratives to convey. While signs of its mod origins may be evident upon close inspection, it’s easy to get immersed in the journey if approached with the right attitude.

The mod has undergone several updates since its launch, rectifying bugs and quality concerns that emerged during development. After all, the team behind *Fallout: London* had a significantly more limited QA team compared to Bethesda, so a few issues were bound to arise. However, the mod is now in far better condition, making it well worth the time for anyone who appreciates *Fallout 4*.

## A Novel Approach to *Fallout* Mechanics

One of the most striking features of *Fallout: London* is how seamlessly it integrates with *Fallout 4’s* systems. The interface has been redesigned to echo the UK’s 1970s “Protect and Survive” nuclear safety initiative, and the new weaponry and armor can be crafted and modified just like in the original game. Settlement construction is also part of the experience.

Insights Obtained from Three Years of Operating Windows 11 on Non-Supported PCs

# Can Windows 11 Revive Your Old PC When Windows 10’s End-of-Life Approaches?

With the October 2025 end-of-support deadline for Windows 10 fast approaching, numerous users are contemplating whether their older PCs can transition to Windows 11. Microsoft has made its stance clear regarding the strict hardware prerequisites for Windows 11, leaving many aging systems officially lacking support. Yet, does that imply your reliable machine is fated for obsolescence, or can Windows 11 still rejuvenate it?

## The Windows 10 Upgrade Cliff: What’s at Risk?

As Windows 10 hits its end-of-life in October 2025, the OS will cease receiving security updates, exposing systems to new security risks. The logical course for many would be to upgrade to Windows 11, but Microsoft’s hardware criteria for the upgraded OS have been a point of contention. Specifically, Windows 11 necessitates:

– A qualifying 64-bit processor (8th-gen Intel or newer, or AMD Ryzen 2000 series or newer)
– TPM 2.0 (Trusted Platform Module)
– Secure Boot capability
– Minimum of 4GB of RAM and 64GB of storage

These stipulations have left numerous older yet functional PCs in a difficult position, at least officially. However, as we will discuss, there are methods to circumvent these limitations and enable your older device to run Windows 11.

## Operating Windows 11 on Unsupported Hardware: A Practical Trial

I have been utilizing Windows 11 on unsupported hardware since its release, and after three years of experimenting with various systems, I’m confident in stating that keeping an older PC functional with Windows 11 is achievable. For this evaluation, I’ve employed two main devices:

1. **Dell Optiplex 3010 Desktop (2012)**: Boasting a 3rd-generation Intel Core i5-3475S, 16GB of RAM, and a SATA SSD. This unit has been enhanced with a low-profile AMD Radeon Pro WX2100 GPU for multi-monitor functionality, alongside USB Wi-Fi and Bluetooth adapters.

2. **Lenovo ThinkPad X230 (2012)**: Fitted with an Intel Core i5-3320M, 8GB of RAM, and a SATA SSD. This laptop was acquired from Goodwill’s online auction platform at a great price.

Both machines exceed Microsoft’s official support timeframe for Windows 11, but with several upgrades and adjustments, they are running the latest version of the OS without significant problems.

### The Upgrade Procedure: Easier Than You Might Expect

Although installing Windows 11 on unsupported hardware can present some challenges, it is far from unfeasible. Actually, after the OS installation, it operates similarly to how it would on a compatible system. Microsoft’s initial warnings regarding possible instability or the absence of updates have largely proved to be exaggerated.

For PCs that narrowly miss the Windows 11 eligibility criteria—like lacking a permitted processor yet possessing TPM and Secure Boot—the installation process is fairly simple. A minor registry modification lets you bypass the hardware checks, and from there, you can set up Windows 11 using Microsoft’s Installation Assistant or an ISO file.

Conversely, for devices that do not have TPM or Secure Boot, the procedure becomes more intricate. Here, you might need to produce a bootable USB drive to avoid hardware checks, though this usually necessitates a clean installation, resulting in the loss of your files and applications.

### Performance: Surprisingly Effective

Once installed, Windows 11 operates seamlessly on both the Optiplex 3010 and ThinkPad X230. Regular updates, including security patches and app enhancements from the Microsoft Store, are downloaded and applied without problem. The devices feel responsive, and I have not experienced any major crashes or software failures.

For routine activities like web browsing, document editing, and light photo editing, these ten-year-old machines manage remarkably well. Even with dual 4K monitors connected to the Optiplex 3010, performance was satisfactory, although the aging CPU occasionally maxed out during more demanding tasks.

### The Drawback: Feature Updates

The primary drawback of running Windows 11 on unsupported hardware is the challenge of installing significant feature updates. While regular updates install automatically, annual feature updates (like upgrading from version 22H2 to 23H2) necessitate manual effort. Unsupported machines will not automatically fetch these updates, meaning you will have to redo the installation process every year or two.

For systems equipped with TPM and Secure Boot, this is a relatively minor issue, but for those lacking these features, it can pose a considerable obstacle. In certain cases, you might have to utilize a workaround involving a Windows Server-branded installer to bypass the hardware checks.

## Is It Worth It?

### Desktops: A Reliable Method for Extending Lifespan

For desktop PCs, particularly those that can be easily upgraded

DeepMind Creates AI to Encourage Constructive Online Engagements and Diminish Aggression

# The AI That Surpassed Professional Mediators: DeepMind’s Habermas Machine

In a society that’s becoming increasingly fractured by political, social, and cultural factors, the promise of technology to unite these rifts is gaining traction. A recent Gallup survey indicates that **80 percent of Americans** feel the nation is significantly polarized regarding its core values. This divisiveness influences topics such as immigration, healthcare, identity politics, and even global disputes like the conflict in Ukraine. Comparable trends are evident across the European Union and the UK.

To tackle this expanding gap, **Google’s DeepMind** has created an AI system aimed at assisting individuals in conflict resolution and achieving consensus. Named the **Habermas Machine**, this AI derives its title from the German philosopher **Jürgen Habermas**, who proposed that rational individuals can always find common ground if they engage in dialogue as equals, fostering mutual respect and flawless communication.

But is it feasible for an AI to successfully mediate political disputes as effectively as it does in games like chess or **StarCraft**? More crucially, is it the appropriate instrument for the task?

## The Philosophy Underpinning the Machine

Central to Habermas’ philosophy is the notion that conflicts are predominantly procedural instead of substantive. In essence, individuals struggle to reach agreements not due to the irreconcilability of the issues, but because the dialogue mechanisms are inadequate. Habermas posited that if an ideal communication system could be established, any problem could be resolved.

DeepMind’s **Christopher Summerfield**, a cognitive science professor at Oxford University and a staff scientist at DeepMind, elaborates on the rationale for the AI: “Our Habermas Machine is an endeavor to rethink how individuals might deliberate and leverage modern technology to aid this process.”

## The Functionality of the Habermas Machine

The Habermas Machine employs the **caucus mediation principle**, where a mediator—here, the AI—engages with participants one-on-one, collects their viewpoints, and then amalgamates a group statement aimed at identifying common ground. A notable strength of the AI is its capacity to swiftly condense extensive texts; in this instance, it summarizes diverse perspectives from various participants.

Technically, the Habermas Machine is composed of two substantial language models (LLMs). The first is a **generative model**, based on DeepMind’s **Chinchilla** LLM, tasked with generating multiple candidate group statements from participant input. The second part is a **reward model** that estimates how inclined each participant might be to agree with the suggested group statements. The AI then delivers the statement with the highest predicted acceptance score to the participants for critique, and the cycle continues until consensus is achieved.

## Surpassing Human Mediators

Upon readiness, DeepMind executed a large-scale trial with over **5,000 participants** debating questions like whether the voting age should be lowered to 16 or if the UK’s National Health Service should undergo privatization. The outcomes were striking: the Habermas Machine surpassed human mediators, achieving a **56 percent acceptance rate** for its group statements, in contrast to **44 percent** for human mediators.

DeepMind also assessed the AI with a more representative sample of **200 participants** from the UK, organized by the **Sortition Foundation** to reflect a spectrum of ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds. The AI demonstrated equal competence, aiding participants in reaching consensus on five out of nine questions, including contentious topics like decreasing the prison population and facilitating entry for asylum seekers.

## The Constraints of AI Mediation

Notwithstanding its achievements, the Habermas Machine encounters certain limitations. The questions selected for the experiment were meticulously vetted to prevent triggering offensive dialogue. For instance, discussions around **transgender rights** were purposely excluded due to the high polarization associated with this issue. Summerfield expressed that the team aimed to ensure participants felt secure and did not wish to overly challenge their fundamental beliefs.

This raises a critical issue: can AI genuinely mediate the most polarizing topics if those subjects are omitted from the discourse? In a climate where political divisions frequently align with conflicting values, sidestepping the most sensitive topics could hinder the AI’s ability to bridge the most profound divides.

## The Impartiality Dilemma

For the Habermas Machine to gain widespread acceptance, it must be viewed as impartial. However, the matter of AI bias remains contentious. Following the release of **ChatGPT** by OpenAI in 2022, **Elon Musk** denounced what he termed “woke AI,” contending that AI technologies were found to promote progressive ideologies. In response, Musk unveiled his own AI initiative, **Grok**, which he branded as “anti-woke.”

Summerfield concedes that some research indicates language models often lean toward more progressive views when

“Bird Flu Under Control in Missouri, Rapidly Expanding in California”

### H5N1 Bird Flu Outbreak: Missouri’s Case Count Remains Low, Yet California and Washington Experience Increased Infections

The H5N1 bird flu outbreak persists in the United States, with California and Washington witnessing notable rises in both animal and human cases. Conversely, Missouri, which reported an unusual human case earlier this year, has not experienced further transmission, providing a semblance of hope amid the escalating concern.

#### Missouri’s Enigmatic Case

On September 6, 2024, the Missouri Department of Health revealed that an individual with pre-existing health conditions had tested positive for the H5N1 strain of bird flu. This case perplexed health officials, as the individual had not been in contact with infected animals or animal products. Historically, human cases of H5N1 have been associated with direct interaction with infected poultry or other animals, but Missouri’s case lacked a clear source of infection.

Despite the uncertainties surrounding this infection, health authorities expressed concern over the potential for human-to-human transmission. A household member of the infected individual exhibited symptoms around the same timeframe, and six healthcare professionals who treated the patient also fell ill. This raised alarms about a possible outbreak, but subsequent testing offered some reassurance.

#### No Indications of Human-to-Human Transmission in Missouri

During a press briefing by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on Thursday, Demetre Daskalakis, a senior official at the agency, reported that blood tests performed on the healthcare workers revealed no signs of H5N1 infection. The tests, which sought neutralizing antibodies and other immune responses, confirmed that all five healthcare workers were negative for the virus.

Further examinations on the index case (the original patient) and their household contact produced more ambiguous results. While both individuals tested positive for neutralizing antibodies, indicating possible exposure to the virus, they did not fulfill the CDC’s criteria for being classified as confirmed cases. According to Daskalakis, the CDC and the World Health Organization (WHO) require at least two out of three specific blood tests to be positive for a person to be officially counted as a case. In this situation, only one of the three tests returned positive for both the index case and the household contact, thus categorizing them as “seronegative” and not meeting the case definition based solely on blood testing.

Despite these inconclusive results, the index case will continue to be recognized as Missouri’s only confirmed human case of H5N1 due to the individual’s weak positive PCR test during their hospital admission. Notably, there is no evidence that the virus transmitted from the index case to others, leaving Missouri’s case count at one.

#### California’s Intensifying Crisis

While Missouri seems to have averted a larger outbreak, the circumstances in California are significantly more alarming. Since late August, the state has reported a surge in bird flu cases among dairy herds and farmworkers. Currently, California has confirmed infections in 137 dairy herds and at least 13 human cases, establishing it as the epicenter of the current outbreak in the United States.

California’s dairy sector, the largest nationally, has been particularly severely impacted. The virus, first identified in March, continues to spread swiftly among livestock, raising alarms about its potential transmission to humans. The state’s agricultural sector remains on high alert as officials strive to control the virus and prevent further human infections.

#### Washington State’s Recent Developments

Compounding the increasing worry, Washington state has recently reported an outbreak of a different strain of H5 bird flu at a significant chicken farm. This strain, likely sourced from wild birds, affected a farm housing around 800,000 chickens. While the infected birds were culled to inhibit further spread, several farmworkers contracted the virus. To date, two workers have been confirmed to have contracted the virus, with five others presumed positive.

#### The Broader Context: 31 Human Cases Identified So Far

Currently, at least 31 humans have been confirmed infected with H5 bird flu in the United States this year. The virus, primarily targeting birds, has demonstrated a concerning capacity to infect mammals and humans, particularly those in close proximity to infected animals. The ongoing spread of the virus among dairy herds, poultry farms, and wild birds raises fears that it could undergo mutations, potentially facilitating human-to-human transmission.

Health officials are especially apprehensive about the upcoming fall bird migration, which could introduce new virus strains and heighten the risk of additional outbreaks. Moreover, with the seasonal flu season on the horizon, there is increased anxiety regarding the possibility of viral reassortment—where genetic material from different flu strains combines to form new, potentially more hazardous variants.

#### Future Considerations

While Missouri’s case count remains minimal, the situations in California and Washington highlight the continuing threat presented by the H5N1 bird flu. As the virus continues to circulate among livestock

Scout Motors Unveils New Electric Pickup and SUV Variants Priced Below $60,000

### Scout Motors: Resurrecting a Legendary American Brand with Electric Off-Road Vehicles

In an exhilarating turn of events for car aficionados, Scout Motors, a name that once evoked images of tough off-road vehicles, is set to make its return. Previously part of International Harvester, Scout is now owned by Volkswagen Group. The brand’s resurgence revolves around two brand-new electric vehicles (EVs): the **Terra pickup truck** and the **Traveler SUV**, both of which are slated for production in South Carolina beginning in 2027.

#### A Fresh Chapter for Scout Motors

Scout Motors boasts a storied past, celebrated for its robust and adaptable off-road vehicles that gained popularity during the 1960s and 1970s. Now, Volkswagen is reinvigorating the brand, aiming to tap into the expanding demand for electric off-road vehicles. The Terra and Traveler will be constructed on an entirely new, clean-sheet platform purposefully designed for Scout. This platform, created in Michigan, incorporates **body-on-frame construction** and will accommodate both **purely electric** and **range-extended powertrains**.

The choice to manufacture these vehicles in the United States carries significant weight. The newly established Scout factory, situated north of Columbia, South Carolina, is expected to generate thousands of jobs and bolster the local economy. Scout Motors CEO Scott Keogh highlighted the significance of revitalizing this iconic American label, declaring, “We couldn’t be prouder to revitalize this iconic American brand, create thousands of American jobs, and put American ingenuity back to work.”

#### The Terra Pickup and Traveler SUV: Essential Features

Both the Terra pickup and Traveler SUV are crafted with off-road fans in mind, while also providing family-oriented flexibility. Here’s a more detailed look at what these vehicles will present:

1. **Pricing and Availability**:
– Scout has revealed that the starting price for both models will be “under $60,000,” with entry-level options potentially available for as low as $50,000 with applicable incentives.
– Manufacturing is expected to commence in 2027, with pre-orders already open. A refundable $100 deposit allows customers to secure their vehicle, choosing between the Terra and Traveler, as well as deciding on a battery-electric vehicle (BEV) or a range-extended model.

2. **Electric Powertrain**:
– The vehicles will be equipped with an **800-volt electric powertrain**, capable of **fast charging at up to 350 kW** utilizing the **NACS plug**. This high-voltage architecture allows for swift charging, enhancing the ease of long-distance trips.
– Both the Terra and Traveler will support **bidirectional charging**, allowing owners to harness their vehicles as mobile power sources.
– The Terra pickup will feature two 120V and one 240V AC outlets in its 5.5-foot truck bed, making it well-suited for outdoor escapades or job site utilization.

3. **Range and Performance**:
– The **pure battery-electric versions** of the Terra and Traveler will provide a range of up to **350 miles** (563 km) on a full charge.
– For those desiring even more voyage capability, Scout will supply **range-extended versions** that employ a gasoline generator to recharge the battery. These configurations will be capable of reaching **500 miles** (805 km), perfect for extended journeys.
– Off-road prowess is a focal point, featuring over a **foot of ground clearance** and the capacity to **ford water up to 3 feet deep**. Both models will include **locking mechanical differentials** on the front and rear axles, with the rear axle featuring a **live axle design**. Moreover, the front anti-roll bar can be disengaged for enhanced wheel travel, and the vehicles will accommodate **35-inch all-terrain tires**.

4. **Towing and Payload Capacity**:
– The Terra pickup will deliver an impressive **10,000 lbs** (4,536 kg) of towing capability, while the Traveler SUV will provide **7,000 lbs** (3,175 kg).
– Both models will boast a **payload capacity of up to 2,000 lbs** (907 kg), making them well-equipped for both work and leisure activities.

#### Design and Interior

The design of the Terra and Traveler offers a contemporary interpretation of the classic Scout aesthetic, emphasizing simplicity and practical use. The **horizontal daylight running lights** on both vehicles pay homage to the original Scout II SUV, offering a nostalgic touch for brand enthusiasts.

Inside, the vehicles will feature a blend of modern technology and classic design details. Notably, Scout will provide an **optional front bench seat**, a feature that has nearly vanished from contemporary vehicles. This harkens back to the era when bench seating was common in trucks and SUVs, offering a distinct appeal for those who value traditional automotive design.

The interior will also include a **modern zon

Boeing Persistently Experiences Financial Deficits on Starliner Commercial Crew Initiative

### Boeing’s Starliner Program: Rising Losses and Ambiguous Prospects

In recent times, Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft has emerged as a center of both operational hurdles and financial pressure for the aerospace behemoth. Although it constitutes a minor element of Boeing’s broader operations, the Starliner initiative has attracted considerable scrutiny owing to its prominent affiliation with NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. Nevertheless, the program has suffered from delays, technical complications, and escalating financial deficits, casting doubts on its sustainability in the long run.

#### Financial Troubles

Boeing’s economic difficulties regarding the Starliner initiative were underscored during a recent earnings call, where the company disclosed an astounding loss of $6.2 billion for the previous quarter. While Boeing’s new CEO, Kelly Ortberg, vowed to turn the company around, the Starliner program was conspicuously overlooked in his comments. This exclusion is significant, considering that Boeing has now racked up $1.85 billion in losses related to the Starliner endeavor, with an extra $250 million recorded in the latest quarterly update.

Boeing manages the Starliner program under a fixed-price agreement with NASA, implying that the company shoulders the financial repercussions of any budget overruns. Although this setup benefits NASA, it has been a notable financial strain for Boeing. The company’s SEC disclosure grimly noted, “Risk remains that we may report additional losses in future periods.”

#### Technical Issues and Setbacks

The Starliner project has encountered many technical obstacles over the years. Most recently, a test flight in September 2024 ended unsuccessfully when the spacecraft returned to Earth uncrewed due to challenges with overheating thrusters and helium leaks. NASA, putting astronaut safety first, chose to have the two astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) return on a SpaceX Dragon instead.

Initially, Boeing advocated for an astronaut return on the Starliner, but NASA ultimately rejected this proposal. The spacecraft did manage to land safely in New Mexico, but the technical difficulties exposed during the mission will necessitate considerable effort to rectify. Boeing has conceded that addressing these complications could consume several months, potentially extending into 2025 or further down the line, and may cost hundreds of millions of dollars to resolve.

#### A New CEO and Strategic Evaluation

Kelly Ortberg, who became Boeing’s CEO in August 2024, has hinted that the company may need to revisit its portfolio, including ventures like Starliner. Ortberg proposed that Boeing might need to “do less and do it better” rather than overextending itself across various projects. This statement has sparked conjecture that Boeing could be contemplating downsizing or even withdrawing from the Starliner initiative.

Ortberg’s predecessor, Dave Calhoun, had previously indicated that Boeing would refrain from entering into fixed-price development contracts moving forward, a choice seemingly motivated by the financial strain caused by initiatives like Starliner. Ortberg resonated with this viewpoint, recognizing that Boeing had “signed up to some things that are problematic.”

#### NASA’s Involvement and Starliner’s Future

Despite the hurdles, NASA remains dedicated to the Starliner initiative, at least for the time being. The agency has collaborated with Boeing to develop the spacecraft as part of its Commercial Crew Program, which aims to supply the U.S. with two independent crew transportation systems to the ISS. SpaceX’s Crew Dragon has already completed nine operational missions for NASA, leaving Starliner as the alternative option.

NASA has yet to determine whether Boeing will have to perform another test flight before the spacecraft can be authorized for operational missions. However, reports suggest the agency is contemplating using Starliner for a cargo mission to the ISS in 2025 to confirm that the essential updates to the spacecraft’s propulsion system have been implemented.

Even as NASA advances with plans that rely on Boeing to persist with Starliner, the timeline for operational missions remains unclear. Astronauts are still preparing for the inaugural operational Starliner mission, but this flight is unlikely to happen before late 2025 or potentially 2026. Meanwhile, NASA has assigned a crew to a SpaceX Dragon mission set for July 2025, a slot initially planned for Boeing.

#### Boeing’s Quandary: To Persist or Withdraw?

Boeing finds itself at a pivotal moment with the Starliner initiative. While Ortberg has noted that abandoning troubled contracts isn’t a viable route, he has also indicated that Boeing may reassess its participation in certain programs as they transition through contract phases. This could offer Boeing a chance to reconsider its dedication to Starliner without violating its commitments to NASA.

The future of the Starliner program becomes even more complex with the anticipated retirement of the ISS, scheduled for 2030. With only six operational Starliner missions planned, and SpaceX already managing crew transport responsibilities, it remains uncertain whether Boeing will fulfill all its contracted flights before the ISS is decommissioned.

#### Conclusion: An Uncertain Horizon

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“Persistent Emission Patterns May Surpass 1.5°C Global Warming Limit Within Four Years”

# The Escalating Challenge of Achieving Net Zero: Insights from the UNEP Emissions Gap Report

As the years progress, the ambition of attaining net-zero emissions appears increasingly difficult. The United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) has recently published its annual **Emissions Gap Report**, which underscores the growing challenges tied to fulfilling the objectives outlined in the Paris Agreement. The findings are sobering: if prevailing trends persist, the planet could face a temperature rise exceeding 3°C by the century’s end, greatly surpassing the 1.5°C goal that experts warn is crucial to mitigating the most severe repercussions of climate change.

## The Emissions Gap: Current Status vs. Required Progress

The **emissions gap** encapsulates the disparity between our present greenhouse gas emissions trajectory and the necessary path to achieve the Paris Agreement ambitions. The Paris Agreement, ratified in 2015, seeks to restrict global warming to significantly below 2°C, with an aspirational goal of 1.5°C above pre-industrial temperatures.

Yet, according to the UNEP report, we are far from achieving these benchmarks. Based on existing emissions figures, we have less than four years remaining before surpassing the total emissions limit suitable for restraining warming to 1.5°C. Should we persist on our current trajectory, global temperatures could rise by more than 3°C by the close of the century—resulting in devastating effects on ecosystems, economies, and public health.

### Two Major Gaps

The report delineates two specific gaps that exacerbate this alarming scenario:

1. **The Pledge Gap**: This gap reflects the disparity between the Paris Agreement’s aspirations and the commitments nations have undertaken to diminish emissions. Although numerous countries have vowed to cut their emissions, these promises lack the necessary ambition to align with the targets specified in the Paris Agreement.

2. **The Policy Gap**: Even more troubling is the chasm between the commitments nations have stated and the actual policies they have enacted. In many instances, countries are not progressing toward their self-imposed commitments, much less the more stringent ambitions of the Paris Agreement.

### A Spark of Optimism: The Influence of Major Emitters

In spite of the bleak outlook, there are grounds for reserved optimism. The six principal greenhouse gas emitters—**China, the United States, India, the European Union, Russia, and Brazil**—represent nearly two-thirds of global emissions. This highlights that regulatory shifts in a handful of countries could significantly influence worldwide emissions.

The UNEP report indicates that an increased use of renewable energy, notably wind and solar, could play a critical role in bridging the emissions gap. It points out that wind and solar alone have the potential to contribute over 25% of the emissions cuts required to stay on the path towards net-zero by mid-century.

Nonetheless, advancements have been sluggish. Although the European Union and the United States have recorded minor emissions reductions (7.5% and 1.4%, respectively), other significant emitters like China and India are experiencing rising emissions.

## Grasping Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

Central to the Paris Agreement are **Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)**—the pledges each nation undertakes to curtail its greenhouse gas emissions. These NDCs are designed to be revised periodically as nations develop innovative technologies and strategies for emission reductions.

NDCs are classified into two categories:

1. **Unconditional NDCs**: These are commitments that countries aim to fulfill independently, without external help.

2. **Conditional NDCs**: These commitments can be achieved if countries receive financial or technological support from developed nations.

For numerous developing countries, particularly in the Global South, realizing ambitious emission reduction goals will necessitate considerable outside assistance. Wealthier countries, such as the United States and members of the European Union, are expected to shoulder the expenses associated with adopting new technologies like renewable energy and electric transportation. Nonetheless, the UNEP report indicates that even with conditional NDCs, the world remains significantly off course in achieving the Paris Agreement objectives.

## Falling Short: The Carbon Budget and Future Forecasts

One of the most alarming revelations from the UNEP report is the swift depletion of the **carbon budget**—the amount of carbon dioxide we can emit before surpassing the 1.5°C warming threshold. As of 2023, the remaining carbon budget for 1.5°C is only 200 gigatonnes of CO₂. If we maintain current emission levels, we will deplete this budget in fewer than four years.

For the 2°C target, the scenario is somewhat less dire yet still troubling. We have under 20 years of emissions at present levels before breaching the 2°C carbon budget.

The report also specifies the emissions reductions necessary to regain the trajectory. By 2030, global emissions need to be curtailed

“Good Omens to End with a 90-Minute Concluding Episode”

# Neil Gaiman Steps Away from *Good Omens* Following Sexual Assault Claims: Series Conclusion to Feature a 90-Minute Episode

In an unexpected development, Neil Gaiman, the renowned author and mastermind behind *Good Omens*, has stepped away from the series in light of sexual assault claims. This news has reverberated throughout the entertainment sector, particularly impacting the future of the cherished Prime Video fantasy series, which is inspired by the 1990 novel co-authored by Gaiman and the late Terry Pratchett.

## The Claims and Gaiman’s Exit

This summer, reports surfaced that Gaiman had been accused of sexually assaulting five women. Although Gaiman has refuted the claims, the repercussions have been profound. Major film studios, including Disney and Amazon, have swiftly reacted to the upheaval. Disney halted production on its anticipated adaptation of Gaiman’s *The Graveyard Book*, while Prime Video stalled work on the third season of *Good Omens*, which had just entered pre-production.

In September 2024, Gaiman revealed that he would withdraw from *Good Omens*, allowing the concluding season to progress without his direct participation. As reported by *Deadline Hollywood*, Gaiman contributed to the script of the series finale but will not partake in the production process. His production company, the Blank Corporation, has also been detached from the project. A new writer is expected to finalize the concluding script, although no official agreement has been announced thus far.

## The Future of *Good Omens*: A 90-Minute Conclusion

Initially renewed for a third and final season to wrap up loose threads from the Season 2 cliffhanger, *Good Omens* will now come to a close with a single 90-minute episode, effectively serving as a TV movie. This choice was made by Prime Video in response to the controversy involving Gaiman, as the streaming service opted for a more succinct ending rather than a complete season.

### Summary of *Good Omens* Season 2

For those who closely followed the series, Season 2 of *Good Omens* left fans with an intense cliffhanger. The season included the return of Aziraphale (Michael Sheen) and Crowley (David Tennant), the angel-demon pair who had previously prevented Armageddon in Season 1. Their tranquil existence was interrupted when the archangel Gabriel (Jon Hamm) showed up at Aziraphale’s bookshop lacking any memories of his identity or how he arrived there. The season traced Aziraphale and Crowley’s attempts to solve the puzzle of Gabriel’s amnesia, while dodging the agendas of both Heaven and Hell.

The finale of Season 2 revealed that Gabriel had defied Heaven by opting not to support a second Armageddon attempt. To safeguard himself, he had wiped his own memories. In an unexpected twist, Gabriel and Beelzebub (Shelley Conn) had fallen in love and chose to flee together. Meanwhile, the Metatron (Derek Jacobi) extended an offer to Aziraphale for Gabriel’s former role in Heaven, hinting at a possible Second Coming. In a poignant moment, Crowley expressed his love for Aziraphale and urged him to abandon Heaven and Hell. However, Aziraphale, believing he could effect change within Heaven, chose to accept the Metatron’s proposal, leading to a bittersweet farewell between the two.

### What to Anticipate from the Finale

The forthcoming 90-minute finale will seek to resolve the lingering plot points from Season 2, such as the fate of Aziraphale and Crowley’s relationship and the impending threat of the Second Coming. While Gaiman’s departure has cast a shadow over the project, fans remain optimistic that the series will still provide a fulfilling conclusion to the tale that has enchanted audiences since its launch.

## The Effect on Gaiman’s Career

The allegations against Gaiman have had wide-ranging implications beyond *Good Omens*. In addition to Disney’s choice to stop production on *The Graveyard Book*, Netflix also scrapped its planned *Dead Boy Detectives* series, though this cancellation doesn’t seem to be directly tied to the accusations. Gaiman’s reputation, once impeccable in literary and entertainment circles, has faced significant damage, and it remains uncertain how this will influence his career in the long run.

## Conclusion

The concluding chapter of *Good Omens* will be bittersweet for fans, not only because of the unresolved narratives but also due to the controversy surrounding Neil Gaiman’s exit. The 90-minute finale will strive to bring closure to the beloved characters of Aziraphale and Crowley, while the weight of the allegations against Gaiman looms heavily over the production.

As filming is scheduled to commence in January 2025, fans will need to wait and see how the series wraps up its enchanting saga of angels, demons, and the ongoing battle to

Fast Food Restaurants Like Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and Burger King Eliminate Onions After McDonald’s-Related Incident

### Fast Food Chains Eliminate Onions Due to Severe E. coli Outbreak

In a preventative measure, numerous prominent fast food establishments, such as Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and Burger King, have removed onions from their menus at select sites. This action is a direct result of a lethal multistate outbreak of *E. coli* O157:H7, found to be associated with McDonald’s Quarter Pounders. The outbreak has already led to 49 verified cases in 10 states, including a confirmed fatality in Colorado.

#### The Outbreak and Suspected Origins

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has not officially identified the precise source of the *E. coli* contamination; however, the main culprits appear to be the beef patties and sliced onions used in McDonald’s Quarter Pounders. On Wednesday, McDonald’s onion supplier, Taylor Farms, issued a recall for peeled and diced yellow onions as a precautionary step. While no *E. coli* has been found in the onions, the recall was enacted to reduce any potential hazards.

A notification from US Foods, a significant supplier to food service venues, instructed restaurants to immediately cease using any recalled onions and to “DESTROY THE PRODUCT.” The recall impacts onions that were distributed from Taylor Farms’ facility in Colorado, and the company is collaborating with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and CDC as investigations are underway.

#### Fast Food Chains Respond

Following McDonald’s example, Yum Brands, the parent organization of Taco Bell, KFC, and Pizza Hut, also opted to exclude fresh onions from the menus of some of its restaurants. Likewise, Restaurant Brands International, the owner of Burger King, has implemented the same policy at its locations.

Maria Gonzales, a manager at a Burger King in Longmont, Colorado, confirmed this decision in a conversation with Reuters, stating, “We’ve been instructed by corporate to refrain from using any onions going forward for the foreseeable future. They’re removed from our menu.”

#### Effect on McDonald’s and Other Chains

McDonald’s has taken considerable measures to tackle the outbreak. The fast-food chain has excluded Quarter Pounders and slivered onions from its menus in various states, including Colorado, Kansas, Utah, Wyoming, as well as parts of Idaho, Iowa, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. In a public announcement, McDonald’s clarified that the onions in question were sourced from a single supplier catering to three distribution centers. The company continues to offer other beef burgers and diced onions at affected locations but has highlighted that food safety is its utmost priority.

#### Current Situation of the Outbreak

As of Thursday, the *E. coli* outbreak has impacted 49 individuals across 10 states. Of these, 10 individuals have been hospitalized, including a child suffering from a life-threatening complication known as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Unfortunately, one elderly person in Colorado has died from the infection.

The states with confirmed cases comprise:

– **Colorado**: 26 cases
– **Nebraska**: 9 cases
– **Utah**: 4 cases
– **Wyoming**: 4 cases
– **Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Oregon, Wisconsin**: 1 case each

The CDC and FDA are persisting in their investigation into the outbreak, with updates anticipated as new information comes to light. In the meantime, consumers are advised to stay vigilant and adhere to any public health advisories concerning food safety.

#### What is *E. coli* O157:H7?

*Escherichia coli* O157:H7 represents a particularly hazardous strain of *E. coli* bacteria capable of causing severe foodborne disease. Symptoms generally include abdominal cramps, diarrhea (often bloody), and vomiting. In certain cases, the infection may lead to more severe complications, such as HUS, which can result in kidney failure and potentially death, particularly among young children and the elderly.

Transmission of the bacteria predominantly occurs through contaminated food or water, with outbreaks frequently linked to undercooked beef, raw vegetables, or unpasteurized dairy products. In this instance, the focus remains on the beef patties and onions utilized in McDonald’s Quarter Pounders, though the investigation is still progressing.

#### Conclusion

The initiative by fast food chains to eliminate onions from their menus is a proactive measure designed to avert any further spread of the *E. coli* outbreak. While the precise source of the contamination has not yet been determined, the recall of onions by Taylor Farms and the prompt response from major restaurant chains highlight the gravity of the situation.

As the CDC and FDA continue their inquiry, consumers are encouraged to stay updated and follow any food safety guidelines. For the moment, it seems that the affected establishments are taking all necessary precautions to safeguard their patrons.

For additional information on the outbreak and updates from the CDC, visit

Cable Providers Urge 5th Circuit Court to Halt FTC’s Click-to-Cancel Regulation

Cable Companies Contest FTC’s “Click-to-Cancel” Directive: A Clash of Consumer Rights and Corporate Priorities

In a pivotal initiative aimed at safeguarding consumers, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has recently ratified a new “click-to-cancel” directive that mandates businesses to offer straightforward methods for consumers to terminate recurring services. This regulation, crafted to eradicate misleading practices associated with subscription services, has incited a flurry of lawsuits from cable providers, advertising agencies, and other sectors heavily reliant on subscription models. These entities contend that the directive could considerably hinder their capacity to maintain customers and assert that it exceeds the FTC’s regulatory scope.

The FTC’s “Click-to-Cancel” Directive: Key Aspects

The freshly enacted directive, confirmed by the FTC in October 2024, stipulates that businesses offering subscription services must furnish consumers with an uncomplicated way to cancel their subscriptions. Specifically, it demands sellers to present “simple cancellation mechanisms” that enable consumers to instantly stop all recurring fees. This regulation is part of a wider initiative by the FTC to combat “negative option” agreements, where a consumer’s inaction to cancel a service is seen as consent to continue incurring charges.

The directive encompasses several additional critical stipulations:

• Ban on Misrepresentation: Sellers are barred from making any false or misleading representations while promoting services that incorporate negative option elements.
• Disclosure Obligations: Businesses are required to provide clear and essential information to consumers prior to collecting their billing details.
• Affirmative Consent: Sellers must secure “unambiguously affirmative consent” from consumers before billing them for services.

FTC Chair Lina Khan underscored the significance of the directive, asserting, “Too frequently, businesses force individuals to navigate endless obstacles just to cancel a subscription. The FTC’s directive will put an end to these tricks and traps, saving Americans both time and money. No one should be obligated to continue paying for a service they no longer desire.”

Industry Resistance: Legal Actions Against the FTC

The new directive has faced pushback, particularly from sectors that depend on subscription frameworks. Cable companies, advertising enterprises, and newspapers have initiated lawsuits seeking to obstruct the directive, claiming it places unreasonable demands on businesses and may jeopardize their customer retention efforts.

Legal Challenges in the 5th and 6th Circuits

Two distinct lawsuits have been lodged in various federal appellate courts. The first lawsuit, presented in the conservative U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit, is led by a coalition comprising the cable trade group NCTA-The Internet & Television Association, the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB), and the Electronic Security Association, which advocates for firms like ADT. The second lawsuit was initiated in the 6th Circuit by the Michigan Press Association and the National Federation of Independent Business.

Both lawsuits assert that the FTC’s directive is excessively broad and contravenes the Administrative Procedure Act. They argue that the directive is “arbitrary, capricious, and an abuse of discretion” and that it surpasses the FTC’s statutory jurisdiction as dictated by the U.S. Constitution. The suits also claim that the directive will adversely affect over a billion paid subscriptions in the United States by imposing “onerous new regulatory obligations” on businesses.

Key Industry Arguments

1. Effect on Customer Retention: A primary concern voiced by cable companies is that the directive will complicate their ability to retain clients. NCTA CEO Michael Powell stated that the directive could hinder companies from engaging in significant conversations with customers who may not fully grasp the implications of canceling their service. Powell insisted it is often “imperative” for firms to inform clients about superior options, such as discounted rates or alternative plans, before they make a final decision to cancel.
2. First Amendment Issues: Powell and other industry leaders have expressed concerns regarding the directive’s implications for free speech. They suggest that the disclosure and consent requirements might violate businesses’ First Amendment rights by limiting their communication methods with customers.
3. Stifling Innovation: The Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) has articulated worries that the directive could hinder innovation within the subscription-based economy. The IAB posits that the directive will “restrict innovation without any corresponding benefit” and will obstruct firms from adjusting their offerings to cater to the changing requirements of their clientele.

The FTC’s Stance and Legal Defense

The FTC has steadfastly maintained its position, opting not to comment on the ongoing lawsuits but affirming the necessity of the directive. The agency contends that the directive is firmly within its rights under Section 18 of the FTC Act, which enables the FTC to identify and prevent unfair or misleading practices. The decision to enforce the directive was based on thorough research and public feedback, and the agency believes it will significantly benefit consumers by eradicating deceptive practices that ensnare individuals in undesirable subscriptions.

The directive is not yet operational, as it is set to take full effect 180 days after its publication in the