AllYouCanTech

Budget-Friendly Cargo Bicycle with Low Pedals Susceptible to Ground Scraping

### The CycWagon: An Economical Cargo Bike with Promise, Yet Not Without Challenges

Cargo bicycles have become a favored option for individuals aiming to lessen their dependence on automobiles, particularly in city settings. They provide the capability to transport groceries, children, and various necessities, making them a sensible choice for everyday tasks. Nevertheless, the steep prices of many cargo bikes can deter potential buyers, often coming close to the cost of a decent used vehicle. Enter the CycWagon, a $1,500 cargo e-bike from Cycrown designed to provide a more budget-friendly alternative. However, akin to many economical products, the CycWagon presents its own range of issues.

#### Design and Construction: A Combination of Strengths and Weaknesses

The CycWagon is a long-tail cargo bike, a configuration that extends the frame beyond the seat to hold extra cargo or passengers. This design inherently involves certain compromises. The bike employs smaller wheels to maintain a low center of gravity, affecting its maneuverability. The prolonged frame demands greater stiffness, causing road irregularities to be transmitted directly to the rider. Still, Cycrown has implemented some solutions to alleviate these challenges. The bike is equipped with front suspension and broad tires that can be inflated to lower pressures, both of which assist in providing a smoother ride.

Despite these improvements, the CycWagon’s design contains several significant shortcomings. The cranks are set so low that the pedals touch the ground when turning, creating a safety issue that goes beyond minor inconvenience. Furthermore, the seat is unusually low, resulting in an uncomfortable riding posture, particularly when combined with foldable handlebars that seem ill-suited for a cargo bike. While the handlebars are adjustable, it can be difficult to establish a comfortable riding position.

#### Cargo Capability: Adequate but Imperfect

A key selling feature of the CycWagon is its cargo capacity. The bike is provided with a sizable metal basket at the rear and a smaller one at the front, facilitating the transport of groceries and other supplies. However, the rear basket elevates the bike’s center of gravity, which could pose stability issues when carrying heavier items. Cargo panniers, which distribute weight lower and on either side of the back wheel, would yield better stability, but the options provided by Cycrown do not match the basket’s capacity.

Additionally, the bike includes wooden panels that lend a vintage charm, but these had to be removed to make room for the rear basket. The footrests, also adorned with wood, were removed because their bolts interfered with the chain, particularly in the bike’s highest gear.

#### Battery Performance and Electronics: An Inconsistent Experience

The CycWagon comes with two batteries, theoretically extending its range to close to 200 kilometers (120 miles), which is ample for most urban commuting and tasks. However, the battery life indicator is highly unreliable, complicating the task of estimating how much power remains. This could potentially leave you in a difficult situation if not monitored closely.

On a positive note, the batteries are easily detachable for charging, which is convenient given the bike’s size. The display is bright and user-friendly, offering five levels of pedal assist. However, the variations between the assist levels are not very noticeable, limiting the bike’s adaptability.

#### Speed and Safety: Navigating a Legal Gray Area

A particularly concerning feature of the CycWagon is its speed capabilities. The bike is marketed as a Class 3 e-bike, meaning it can assist up to 28 mph (45 km/hr) while pedaling. However, the throttle enables the bike to surpass the Class 2 limit of 20 mph (32 km/hr) without pedaling, which does not comply with U.S. regulations. Even more troubling is the throttle’s ability to remain activated after being released, allowing the bike to keep accelerating without any rider input.

While this may be convenient for maintaining traffic speed, it presents a serious safety issue and is likely unlawful in various regions. Moreover, the bike’s gear ratios make it challenging to achieve the Class 3 speed limit solely through pedaling. Even in the highest gear, reaching 20 mph requires spinning the pedals at a rate that is not sustainable, at which point the torque sensor cuts off the assist.

#### Conclusion: An Economical Option with Major Considerations

The CycWagon serves as an affordable entry into the realm of cargo e-bikes, though it comes with considerable drawbacks. While it can transport a reasonable amount of cargo and features advanced components like a torque sensor, its design imperfections and potential legal complications make it a less-than-optimal pick for numerous riders. The bike’s attractive price tag is enticing, but it’s evident that you receive what you pay for.

If you’re seeking an economical cargo bike and are prepared to

Falcon 9 Successfully Sends Off 7,000th Starlink Satellite; ABL Space Systems Reveals Major Job Cuts

**Blue Origin’s New Glenn Rocket: A Transformative Moment in Space Exploration**

The space sector is buzzing with enthusiasm as Blue Origin, the aerospace company established by Jeff Bezos, approaches the much-anticipated launch of its New Glenn rocket. This week has been pivotal for the firm, with the second stage of the New Glenn rocket being transported to its launch pad in Florida, and its recovery vessel, Jacklyn, docking at a nearby harbor. These advancements indicate that Blue Origin is piecing together everything necessary for the first launch of this colossal rocket, which may change the future of space exploration.

### The New Glenn Rocket: A Revolutionary Force

Bearing the name of John Glenn, the first American to orbit the planet, the New Glenn rocket is built to serve as a heavy-lift launch system capable of transporting significant payloads to low Earth orbit (LEO) and further. This rocket features a two-stage configuration, with the first stage designed for reuse—a characteristic that aligns with Blue Origin’s overarching goal of enhancing sustainability and affordability in space travel.

The recently unveiled second stage of the New Glenn rocket is driven by two BE-3U engines. These engines are an upgraded model of the BE-3 engines that power Blue Origin’s suborbital New Shepard rocket. The BE-3U engines are fine-tuned for vacuum conditions, making them particularly suitable for the second stage, which functions in space’s vacuum.

### A Narrow Launch Window

NASA has engaged Blue Origin for the inaugural launch of New Glenn, tasked with transporting two relatively small spacecraft to Mars as a component of the ESCAPADE mission. However, the mission operates under a strict timeline, with a launch window opening on October 13 and closing on October 21. This leaves Blue Origin with less than six weeks for integration, testing, and launching the rocket—an arduous timeline, especially for a first-time launch.

The company intends to perform a hot fire test of the upper stage within the upcoming days. Following that, the first and second stages will be joined, and the payload fairing containing the spacecraft will be integrated. A brief hot fire test of the first stage is also set before the final launch preparation.

### Jacklyn: The Recovery Vessel

A significant development this week included the arrival of Blue Origin’s rocket recovery drone ship, Jacklyn, at Port Canaveral. Named after Jeff Bezos’ mother, the vessel is formally referred to as “Landing Platform Vessel #1” and is intended to salvage the first stage of the New Glenn rocket after its return from space. Jacklyn measures 380 feet in length and 150 feet in width, making it similar in dimensions to SpaceX’s fleet of drone vessels.

Jacklyn’s arrival is an essential aspect of Blue Origin’s strategy to ensure the New Glenn rocket’s reusability. The company aspires to recover the rocket’s first stage following its initial launch—a daring strategy that emphasizes Blue Origin’s dedication to reusability from the outset.

### The Larger Picture: A New Epoch for Blue Origin

The deployment of the New Glenn’s second stage and the arrival of Jacklyn coincide with mounting pressure on Blue Origin to fulfill its commitments. The firm has encountered delays and challenges in the past, yet recent progress points to a potential significant breakthrough.

The successful launch of New Glenn would not only represent a monumental gain for Blue Origin but also serve as a landmark event for the broader space industry. With its heavy-lift capacity and reusability focus, New Glenn could emerge as a vital contender in the growing commercial space arena, providing an innovative option for launching substantial payloads into orbit.

### Conclusion

As Blue Origin gears up for the initial launch of its New Glenn rocket, the anticipation within the space community is tangible. The successful rollout of the second stage and the docking of the recovery ship Jacklyn are encouraging indicators that the company is on course to achieve its ambitious objectives. If everything proceeds successfully, the launch of New Glenn may signify the dawn of a new chapter in space exploration, where heavy-lift rockets and reusability are commonplace rather than rare. All attention will be directed toward Blue Origin in the forthcoming weeks as it seeks to make history with the first New Glenn launch.

Ars Technica System Guide: Discounts Steal the Spotlight from New Hardware Launches

### Constructing a Custom PC: An In-Depth Guide for 2024

Assembling a custom PC can be an exciting undertaking, providing the opportunity to customize your setup according to your unique preferences and budget. Whether you’re a gamer, a content creator, or someone in need of a robust workstation, this guide will navigate you through various configurations that suit different needs and financial plans. From affordable builds to more sophisticated arrangements, we’ve covered all bases.

—

### 1. **The Cost-Effective All-Purpose Build**

**What it’s suitable for:** Internet browsing, educational tasks, basic photo or video editing, and casual gaming.

**What it struggles with:** Running the latest games, a narrow upgrade potential, older CPU model.

**Price at the time of writing:** $355

#### Parts List:
– **CPU:** [AMD Ryzen 5 5500GT](https://www.newegg.com/amd-ryzen-5-5500gt-ryzen-5-5000-series-cezanne-zen-3-socket-am4/p/N82E16819113817?Item=N82E16819113817) – $115
– **CPU Cooler:** AMD Wraith Stealth (Included) – $0
– **Motherboard:** [Gigabyte B450M DS3H Wi-Fi (Micro ATX)](https://bit.ly/3oQiLew) – $75
– **GPU:** Radeon Vega iGPU (Included) – $0
– **Memory:** [GeIL Orion AMD Edition 16GB (2x8GB) DDR4-3200 kit](https://www.newegg.com/geil-16gb-ddr4-3200/p/N82E16820158937?Item=N82E16820158937) – $30
– **Storage:** [Crucial P3 Plus 500GB](http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C8WP6B8R/?tag=arstech20-20) – $40
– **Power Supply Unit:** [Thermaltake Smart Series 600 W](https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/product/1193910-REG/thermaltake_ps_spd_0600npcwus_w_smart_active_pfc_80_plus.html) – $45
– **Chassis:** [Thermaltake Versa H17](https://amzn.to/40F5OkJ) – $50

**Overview:**
This configuration is ideal for those seeking a straightforward, budget-conscious PC for everyday applications. The Ryzen 5 5500GT delivers respectable performance for the price, and the integrated Radeon Vega GPU suffices for light gaming and multimedia activities. Although this arrangement is not optimized for contemporary gaming or extensive multitasking, it lays a reliable groundwork for general usage.

—

### 2. **The Affordable Gaming PC**

**What it’s suited for:** Decent 1080p gaming performance in most games.

**What it struggles with:** Achieving high frame rates or resolutions above 1080p in newer titles.

**Price at the time of writing:** $707-710

#### Parts List:
– **CPU:** [Intel Core i5-12400F](https://www.newegg.com/intel-core-i5-12400f-core-i5-12th-gen-alder-lake-lga-1700-desktop-processor/p/N82E16819118360?Item=N82E16819118360) – $112
– **CPU Cooler:** Intel Laminar CPU fan – $0
– **Motherboard:** [Gigabyte B760M Gaming Plus WiFi DDR4](https://www.newegg.com/gigabyte-b760m-gaming-plus-wifi-ddr4-micro-atx-intel-b760-lga-1700/p/N82E16813145505?Item=N82E16813145505) – $120
– **GPU:** [Galax GeForce RTX 4060 8GB](http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CP3FLVGY/?tag=arstech20-20) – $285
– **Memory:** [GeIL Orion AMD Edition 16GB (2x8GB) DDR4-3200 kit](https://www.newegg.com/geil-16gb-ddr4-3200/p/N82E16820158937?Item=N82E16820158937) – $30
– **Storage:** [Crucial P3 Plus 1TB](https://www.newegg.com/crucial-1tb-p3-plus-nvme/p/N82E16820156300?Item=9SIA12KJ9P1076&cm_sp=product-_-from-price-options) – $65-$68
– **Power Supply Unit:**

NASA Pauses Further Starliner Mission Acquisitions After Boeing Challenges

### Boeing’s Starliner: A Challenging Reentry to Earth

NASA is gearing up for the return of Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft from the International Space Station (ISS), signaling the conclusion of a test flight marked by numerous technical difficulties. The spacecraft, which has encountered issues with thrusters and helium leaks, is set to undock from the ISS on Friday, finishing a mission that has raised concerns about the Starliner program’s future.

### The Mission So Far

Astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams launched on the Starliner on June 5, 2024, intending to achieve a significant milestone for Boeing— a successful crewed test flight. Yet, the mission has deviated from expectations. Instead of landing back on Earth via the Starliner, the astronauts will stay aboard the ISS, returning later in a SpaceX Dragon capsule. This alteration leaves some mission objectives unmet and prompts questions regarding the Starliner program’s outlook.

The Starliner is slated to undock from the ISS at 6:04 pm EDT (22:04 UTC) on Friday. If all proceeds smoothly, the spacecraft will ignite its braking rockets at 11:17 pm EDT (03:17 UTC) for a minute-long burn, aiming for a parachute-assisted, airbag-cushioned landing at White Sands Space Harbor, New Mexico, at 12:03 am EDT (04:03 UTC) on Saturday.

### A Setback for NASA and Boeing

This mission marked Boeing’s inaugural crewed test flight of the Starliner, occurring seven years behind its intended schedule. Nevertheless, due to the encountered technical challenges, the spacecraft will return without its crew, leaving unresolved concerns surrounding the Starliner’s propulsion system. The primary issues related to thruster malfunctions and helium leaks need rectification before the spacecraft can gain certification for future crewed missions.

NASA remains undecided on whether Boeing will require another test flight before the Starliner can be deemed ready for operational missions. The space agency had initially slated the first operational mission for August 2025, but this timeline now appears uncertain due to potential redesigns and further testing needs.

### NASA’s Noncommittal Stance

For over a decade, NASA has collaborated with both Boeing and SpaceX to develop independent vehicles suited for transporting astronauts to and from the ISS. SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft has been operational since May 2020, with NASA having cleared it for regular crew rotation missions. In contrast, Boeing’s Starliner continues to encounter significant delays and technical setbacks.

Currently, NASA has only authorized Boeing for three of the six possible operational Starliner missions under its commercial crew contract. The agency has yet to commit to any additional missions, and the prospect of launching an operational Starliner crew flight within the next year seems increasingly doubtful.

### The Financial and Strategic Implications

The commercial crew contracts awarded to Boeing and SpaceX in 2014 were organized as fixed-price agreements, indicating that Boeing must absorb any cost overruns. As of July 2024, Boeing has reported nearly $1.6 billion in financial impacts due to delays and technical problems with the Starliner initiative. Despite these challenges, Boeing stands to gain nearly $1.9 billion in potential revenue from NASA if it perseveres with the program.

NASA has disbursed about $2.7 billion of the total $4.6 billion potential value of its commercial crew contract to Boeing. Most of this funding has been allocated for Starliner development, while the remaining funds are reserved for future operational flights. Should Boeing decide to withdraw from the Starliner program, it would lose this potential revenue, making it likely that the company will continue to address the spacecraft’s deficiencies.

### Preparing for Departure

NASA managers have assessed plans for the Starliner to depart the ISS in autopilot mode, following the decision to bring the spacecraft back to Earth without its crew. Preparations included software updates to facilitate autonomous undocking. Last Thursday, NASA officials convened a Flight Readiness Review and permitted the Starliner to commence its return journey.

The spacecraft faced significant problems on June 6 during its approach to the ISS, with five of its 28 Reaction Control System (RCS) thrusters failing. Engineers have since managed to restore four of the five failed thrusters, but concerns linger about the possibility of further failures during the spacecraft’s return to Earth.

### The Road Ahead

Boeing and NASA must now concentrate on resolving the technical difficulties that have beleaguered the Starliner. Possible solutions involve redesigning the thruster seals, altering the spacecraft’s propulsion pods, and tackling the persistent helium leaks. These repairs will be vital for the Starliner program’s future since NASA has not yet determined if another test flight is necessary before the spacecraft earns certification for operational missions.

In the meantime, astronauts Wilmore and Williams will

Study Reveals Dungeons & Dragons Boosts Social Interaction Abilities in Autistic Participants

### The Healing Influence of Dungeons & Dragons for Autistic Players

Since its launch in the 1970s, *Dungeons & Dragons* (D&D) has transitioned from a specialized tabletop role-playing game (TRPG) to a widespread cultural sensation, impacting various mediums from television series like *Stranger Things* to major films. Yet, beyond its entertainment aspects, D&D has recently gained recognition for its potential therapeutic advantages, particularly for those on the autism spectrum. Researchers are starting to examine how the structured and imaginative nature of D&D can aid autistic players in managing social interactions, enhancing self-esteem, and creating a sense of community.

#### The Social Hurdles of Autism

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by obstacles in social communication, repetitive actions, and often, heightened sensitivity to sensory input. Individuals with autism often face social anxiety, feelings of isolation, and a more limited social circle than their neurotypical counterparts. These struggles are intensified by the unspoken social norms that regulate daily interactions, which can be perplexing and daunting for those with autism.

As a response to these difficulties, many autistic individuals resort to “masking”—hiding their true behaviors to align with societal norms. While masking may prevent social rejection, it typically comes at a considerable emotional toll, resulting in stress, exhaustion, and a lower sense of self-worth.

#### Dungeons & Dragons: A Welcoming Environment for Social Engagement

D&D creates a distinctive atmosphere where social interactions are managed by straightforward, explicit regulations. This approach can be especially advantageous for autistic players, who might find real-world social scenarios to be vague and confusing. A recent study published in the journal *Autism* indicates that D&D can act as a “social lubricant” for autistic individuals, offering a low-pressure context to hone social abilities and form connections.

The study, co-authored by Gray Atherton and Liam Cross from the University of Plymouth, included eight autistic participants who engaged with the *Waterdeep: Dragonheist* campaign over the span of six weeks. The researchers observed that the game made participants feel more at ease within social contexts, as the rules governing interactions were clearly outlined and stable. One participant shared, “When you’re interacting with people over D&D, you’re more likely to understand what’s going on… There’s an actual sort of reference sheet for some social interactions.”

#### Enhancing Confidence and Connection

Participants in the study reported numerous positive effects from their D&D experiences, including bolstered confidence and a deeper sense of camaraderie with their peers. The game provided them with the opportunity to explore diverse elements of their identities within a secure and controlled framework. Some players opted to create characters that were drastically different from their actual selves, using the game as a medium to experiment with new social roles and viewpoints.

This capacity to “step into someone else’s shoes” can be especially empowering for autistic individuals, who may find it challenging to comprehend the viewpoints of others in real life. By embodying the traits of their characters, several participants could even “rewrite” their life stories beyond the game—a psychological occurrence known as “bleed,” where a character’s emotions and experiences influence the player’s real-life conduct.

#### Escapism and Emotional Engagement

The immersive quality of D&D also offers a pathway for escapism that can be particularly attractive to autistic individuals, who frequently encounter a demanding reality filled with social and sensory stressors. The game enables players to temporarily set aside these issues and immerse themselves in a world where they can dictate their actions and outcomes. This sense of control can be remarkably reassuring and may alleviate anxiety.

Additionally, the emotional investment in their characters and the narrative can foster stronger connections with others. As one participant remarked, “It helps you put yourself in the other person’s perspective because you are technically entering a persona that is your character. You can then try to see how it feels to be in that interaction or in that scenario through another lens.”

#### A Fresh Outlook on Autism and Gaming

The insights from this study counter several prevalent misconceptions about autism, notably the belief that autistic individuals lack social initiative or creativity. In fact, D&D demands both social engagement and inventive thought, and the autistic players in the study enthusiastically embraced these components of the game.

This research also emphasizes the possibility of utilizing everyday games and hobbies as therapeutic resources for autistic individuals. While video games and other gaming forms are sometimes viewed with skepticism by parents and educators, this study suggests that, for certain autistic individuals, these activities can provide valuable chances for social involvement and personal development.

#### Conclusion

As our comprehension of autism advances, so too does our understanding of the varied ways in which autistic individuals can engage with others and express their identities. *Dungeons & Dragons* supplies a distinctive and nurturing space where autistic players can refine social skills, boost confidence, and investigate new facets of their personalities. While this game may not serve as a universal remedy, it offers a significant resource for those seeking to navigate complex social landscapes.

Recent findings indicate that volcanic activity on the Moon took place more recently than was previously believed.

### Recent Lunar Volcanism: An Unexpected Revelation

The Moon, the nearest celestial body to Earth, has captivated researchers and enthusiasts alike for ages. Its terrain, characterized by extensive plains referred to as “maria,” narrates the tale of primordial volcanic activity that sculpted its surface eons ago. Yet, fresh discoveries from China’s Chang’e-5 mission have introduced an unexpected chapter in the Moon’s geological narrative: signs of volcanic activity that transpired much more recently than earlier assumptions suggested.

#### The Age-Old Volcanic Legacy

The somber plains, or “maria,” observable on the Moon’s surface are the vestiges of colossal volcanic eruptions that transpired early in its history. These events, which released immense quantities of basaltic lava, are thought to have ceased around 3 billion years ago. For an extended period, experts held that this indicated the conclusion of significant volcanic events on the Moon. Nevertheless, minor volcanic activities could have persisted until roughly 2 billion years ago, as indicated by samples gathered from various lunar missions, including both the Apollo missions and, more recently, China’s Chang’e-5 endeavor.

#### Indications of Contemporary Volcanism

Although most volcanic activity on the Moon is ancient, there are indications that smaller eruptions might have taken place more recently. Data from lunar orbiters have pinpointed regions of the Moon’s surface that seem to be results of volcanic processes, characterized by a scarcity of impact craters, suggesting a younger age. However, these findings have been tinged with skepticism, as accurately determining the timing and scale of these occurrences proved challenging.

The Chang’e-5 mission, which successfully retrieved samples from the Moon in 2020, has shed new light on this enigma. Among the collected materials were diminutive, glassy beads formed from liquefied substances. These beads, attributable to both volcanic eruptions and impact events, have garnered close scientific examination as researchers strive to decipher their origin.

#### The Difficulty of Recognizing Volcanic Beads

Identifying volcanic beads among the myriad samples collected by Chang’e-5 was a daunting challenge. The Moon is perennially bombarded by space particles, from minuscule dust flecks to larger meteoroids. These collisions generate sufficient heat to melt the lunar crust, thus creating glassy beads. Therefore, most of the beads gathered by Chang’e-5 are probably products of impact events rather than volcanic sources.

To discern the volcanic beads, scientists implemented a systematic procedure. Initially, they excluded any beads with mixed compositions, such as those containing unmelted fragments or exhibiting clear compositional discrepancies. This process reduced the candidate volcanic beads from over 3,000 to 764. Subsequently, the remaining beads were subjected to analysis via an electron probe microanalyzer, which bombards samples with electrons and measures the released photons to identify the present elements.

Guided by the composition of volcanic rocks retrieved during the Apollo missions, the researchers situated their focus on beads exhibiting a high magnesium oxide content in relation to calcium and aluminum oxides. This further refined their selection to 13 potential volcanic candidates. The concluding phase involved analyzing the sulfur isotopes within the beads, as impact melting typically alters sulfur isotope ratios compared to unaltered lunar rocks. After diligent assessment, only three beads surfaced as likely of volcanic origin.

#### An Unexpected Revelation

The three volcanic beads underwent uranium-based radioactive dating, unveiling an astonishing finding: these beads were formed during an eruption estimated to have occurred approximately 123 million years ago, with a margin of error of 15 million years. This revelation bears great significance, as it implies that volcanic activity on the Moon continued far longer than previously acknowledged. Prior to this, the last confirmed eruptions were thought to have transpired around 2 billion years ago.

This discovery invites compelling inquiries regarding the Moon’s thermal evolution. Over millions of years, the Moon has considerably cooled, increasing the distance between its crust and any residual molten material within its core. This cooling trend should have rendered volcanic activity increasingly improbable. So, what might have triggered this relatively recent eruption?

One hypothesis involves a substance known as KREEP (potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus), which is abundant in radioactive isotopes. Such isotopes could induce localized heating, potentially prompting volcanic occurrences in specific regions of the Moon. However, without additional data, determining the precise cause of the eruption remains elusive.

#### The Horizon of Lunar Exploration

The identification of recent volcanic activities on the Moon serves as a reminder of the evolving nature of our understanding of this celestial neighbor. The Chang’e-5 mission has yielded invaluable new insights, yet numerous questions persist. For instance, the precise location of the eruption that created the volcanic beads is still undetermined. The beads might have traversed substantial distances in the Moon’s weak gravitational field and could have been further dispersed due to later impacts.

As we progress in lunar exploration,

U.S. Charges Russian Military Personnel for Utilizing Wiper Malware Targeting Ukraine

# Federal Indictment Reveals Russian Cyber Espionage Initiative Against Ukraine and Its Allies

On Thursday, federal prosecutors disclosed an indictment charging six Russian individuals with conspiracy to infiltrate the computer systems of the Ukrainian government and its allies. The indictment, submitted to the US District Court for the District of Maryland, accuses these individuals of participating in cyber espionage and harmful cyberattacks on behalf of the Kremlin, focusing on essential infrastructure and sensitive information in Ukraine and other nations supporting Ukraine, including the United States.

## The WhisperGate Malware Initiative

The indictment comes nearly three years after Microsoft initially reported the identification of a harmful malware known as **WhisperGate**. This malware, which posed as ransomware, was intended to irreversibly damage computers by erasing the master boot record, a vital component of the hard drive essential for launching the operating system. WhisperGate was discovered to have infected numerous Ukrainian government, nonprofit, and IT organizations, resulting in significant disruptions.

In April 2022, Microsoft released a subsequent report indicating that WhisperGate was part of a larger initiative aimed at coordinating destructive cyberattacks against critical infrastructure in Ukraine alongside kinetic military actions by Russian forces. The indictment unsealed on Thursday integrates many of the findings reported by Microsoft, emphasizing the magnitude and orchestration of Russia’s hybrid warfare strategies.

## The Defendants and Their Functions

The six defendants identified in the indictment are:

1. **Yuriy Denisov**: A colonel in the Russian military and commanding officer of Cyber Operations for Unit 29155.
2. **Vladislav Borokov**: A lieutenant in Unit 29155 involved in cyber operations.
3. **Denis Denisenko**: A lieutenant in Unit 29155 engaged in cyber operations.
4. **Dmitriy Goloshubov**: A lieutenant in Unit 29155 engaged in cyber operations.
5. **Nikolay Korchagin**: A lieutenant in Unit 29155 engaged in cyber operations.
6. **Amin Stigal**: An alleged civilian co-conspirator, previously indicted in June for his involvement in WhisperGate activities.

The indictment claims that the conspiracy commenced no later than December 2020 and is still ongoing. The defendants and additional unnamed co-conspirators are alleged to have been scanning computers globally, including in the US, for vulnerabilities. Upon gaining access, they reportedly infected networks with wiper malware and, in certain instances, exfiltrated sensitive data.

## Wider Implications and Counteractions

The indictment is part of a broader initiative by the US government to counteract Russian cyber and psychological maneuvers. On Wednesday, federal officials declared the indictments of two Russian media executives accused of secretly financing and directing a US company to produce and disseminate propaganda videos aimed at swaying public opinion and exacerbating social divisions, particularly concerning Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Moreover, federal authorities have taken legal measures to combat other Russian psychological strategies, including seizing 32 internet domains utilized for spreading anti-Ukraine propaganda and sanctioning Russian individuals and entities implicated in disseminating disinformation.

## Unit 29155: Russia’s Covert Cyber Warfare Unit

Unit 29155, a secretive segment of the Russian Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU), is recognized for executing sabotage, assassinations, and coup attempts outside of Russia. Reports indicate that Unit 29155 has recently formed its own active team of cyberwarfare operators, indicating a closer integration of physical and digital strategies by Russia. This unit differentiates itself from other GRU units that utilize more recognized Russian-state hacking groups, such as Fancy Bear (APT28) and Sandworm.

## Conclusion

The unsealing of this indictment highlights the persistent threat posed by Russian cyber operations and the extremes to which the Kremlin will go to fulfill its geopolitical ambitions. As Assistant Attorney General Matthew G. Olsen of the National Security Division remarked, “The GRU’s WhisperGate campaign, including targeting Ukrainian critical infrastructure and government systems of no military significance, exemplifies Russia’s deplorable disregard for innocent civilians as it conducts its unjust invasion.”

The Justice Department has announced a $10 million reward for information leading to the suspects’ whereabouts or cyber activities, an initiative intended to restrict their travel options and dissuade other Russians from partaking in similar actions. The indictment serves as a reminder of the significance of international collaboration and vigilance against state-sponsored cyber threats.

AT&T Initiates Legal Action Against Broadcom for Denying Renewal of Perpetual License Support

### AT&T Takes Legal Action Against Broadcom Over VMware Contract Conflict: A Clash Over Software Licensing and Support

In a notable legal showdown, AT&T has initiated a lawsuit against Broadcom, alleging that the semiconductor powerhouse is trying to retroactively modify current VMware contracts to fit its new business strategy. The lawsuit, submitted on August 29, 2024, in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, underscores the escalating strain between the two entities following Broadcom’s $61 billion takeover of VMware in November 2023.

#### Background: Broadcom’s Takeover of VMware

Broadcom’s takeover of VMware represented one of the most substantial tech transactions in recent times, with the company rapidly executing extensive changes within VMware’s product lineup. Among the most contentious decisions was the termination of VMware’s perpetual license offerings in favor of subscription-based models. This transition, alongside increased core requirements per CPU subscription, has sparked a wave of dissatisfaction among customers regarding the rising expenses and complexities tied to VMware products under Broadcom’s helm.

#### The Core of the Lawsuit

AT&T, a prominent user of VMware software, which it relies on to operate 75,000 virtual machines (VMs) across roughly 8,600 servers, finds itself at the heart of this legal dispute. These VMs are essential for bolstering AT&T’s customer service functions and ensuring operational effectiveness. Per the lawsuit, AT&T’s current contract grants it three one-year renewals for VMware support services, and the company is now pursuing its second renewal.

Nonetheless, AT&T asserts that Broadcom is denying these support service renewals unless AT&T consents to acquire additional bundled subscription software and services, which could burden the telecom behemoth with “tens of millions more than the cost of the support services alone.” AT&T contends that such demands are unjust and would place considerable additional contractual and technological burdens on the company.

The lawsuit further claims that Broadcom’s refusal to renew support could result in disastrous outcomes, including potential disruptions to AT&T’s network and services. AT&T cautions that without adequate support, an error or software malfunction could trigger widespread network failures, impacting millions of customers globally.

#### Broadcom’s Response

In reaction to the lawsuit, Broadcom has refuted AT&T’s claims, contending that the telecom provider is not entitled to the one-year renewal it seeks. Broadcom maintains that AT&T was obligated to renew all three one-year support service agreements by the end of 2023 and that the existing dispute arises from AT&T’s failure to comply.

A Broadcom representative stated, “Broadcom strongly counters the allegations and is confident we will triumph in the legal proceedings. VMware has been transitioning to a subscription model, the norm in the software industry, for several years – predating Broadcom’s acquisition. Our focus will remain on offering our customers choice and flexibility while ensuring they tackle their most complex technology challenges.”

#### Serious Implications for Public Safety and National Security

A particularly alarming facet of the lawsuit is AT&T’s assertion that the loss of VMware support could threaten critical communication infrastructures, including services utilized by the Office of the President and first responders. AT&T claims that around 22,000 of its 75,000 VMs play a role in supporting services for law enforcement, firefighters, paramedics, emergency personnel, and incident response teams nationwide. The company argues that any disruption in these services could have grave consequences for public safety and national security.

#### Legal and Industry Ramifications

The resolution of this lawsuit may carry extensive ramifications for the tech sector, especially concerning software licensing and support services. The case highlights the intensifying friction between traditional perpetual licensing frameworks and the industry’s shift toward subscription-based offerings. As more companies adopt subscription models, disputes akin to the one between AT&T and Broadcom are likely to become more frequent.

Legal professionals suggest that resolving this matter will significantly depend on interpreting various contractual documents and clauses. Benjamin B. Kabak, a partner at Loeb & Loeb LLP specializing in technology and outsourcing, indicates that the case will necessitate thorough analysis of contractual language to ascertain which clauses hold precedence.

#### Conclusion

As the legal confrontation between AT&T and Broadcom progresses, the tech industry is poised to observe how the courts navigate the intricate issues related to software licensing and support. For AT&T, the stakes are substantial, with the risk of major financial implications and operational hindrances should it fail to secure VMware support. For Broadcom, this case marks a pivotal challenge to its post-acquisition strategy and its capability to manage the complexities of integrating VMware’s offerings into its broader product suite.

In the end, the result of this lawsuit could establish a precedent for how software vendors and customers negotiate and uphold licensing agreements in an increasingly subscription-oriented marketplace.

Child Contracts Untreatable Infection from a Brief Kiss on the Cheek

### The Concealed Risks of Cold Sores: A Parental Warning

Parenting is a path brimming with joy, affection, and, without a doubt, stress. From tackling the intricacies of social media to confronting the escalating youth mental health crisis, today’s parents encounter a multitude of hurdles. Nevertheless, a father in Spain recently found that even the most innocent, loving gesture—offering his child a kiss on the cheek—can lead to unexpected and concerning outcomes.

#### An Enigmatic Lesion

The tale begins in a seemingly harmless fashion. A 9-year-old girl developed a fever along with a crusty, blistering sore on her left cheek. Initially, physicians diagnosed the sore as impetigo, a prevalent bacterial skin infection among children. Impetigo is generally caused by *Staphylococcus aureus* or *Streptococcus* bacteria and is typically managed effectively with antibiotics.

However, after several days of treatment, the sore showed no improvement. By then, the sore had expanded to 3 centimeters in diameter, and the girl was experiencing swollen lymph nodes on the same side of her neck. Alarmed, her father brought her to a dermatology clinic for a comprehensive examination.

#### The Hidden Adversary: Herpes Simplex Virus

At the clinic, dermatologists noted the sore’s “honey-crusted appearance,” a hallmark of impetigo. They also observed smaller “satellite” blisters around the cheek. Despite these symptoms aligning with impetigo, the doctors noticed something else—a crusting on the father’s lower lip, which he reported had appeared 10 days prior. It resembled a classic case of oral herpes, commonly referred to as cold sores.

This observation prompted the doctors to explore a different diagnosis. Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a highly contagious virus that affects an estimated 3.7 billion people under the age of 50 worldwide. While HSV-1 mainly leads to cold sores around the mouth, it can also cause lesions on other areas of the skin.

#### The Character of HSV-1

Herpes simplex viruses are infamous for their ability to remain concealed within the body. Following an initial infection, the virus infiltrates cells on the body’s surface and then retreats into nerve cells, where it can remain dormant for extended periods. From this hidden refuge, the virus can sporadically reactivate, resulting in new lesions.

There is no remedy for herpes infections; once infected, the virus persists in a person’s nerve cells for life, with the capacity for periodic outbreaks. Nevertheless, antiviral treatments can alleviate symptoms and expedite healing during an outbreak.

HSV-1 is primarily spread through oral-oral contact, but it can also be transferred through any direct contact with infected saliva or lesions. While HSV-1 usually results in lesions around the mouth, it can occasionally appear on other skin areas, particularly if the virus is transferred to a new site.

#### Confirming the Diagnosis

The dermatologists treating the 9-year-old girl conducted a test for HSV-1, confirming the presence of the virus. They quickly placed her on an oral antiviral medication, and the sore resolved without leaving a scar. Significantly, the doctors also dismissed any concerns of sexual abuse, clarifying that the sore was solely a consequence of HSV-1 transmission.

In their publication in the *New England Journal of Medicine*, the doctors offered a cautionary advisement to other healthcare providers: “When HSV-1 infection appears in children as skin lesions without mucosal involvement, it may be mistaken for the honey-crusted appearance characteristic of impetigo.”

#### A Takeaway for Parents

For parents, this case serves as a potent reminder of the concealed perils that can stem from seemingly benign actions. Cold sores, while commonplace, are highly contagious during an outbreak. Parents should exercise caution and avoid kissing their children—or anyone else—during a cold sore episode.

Stress, a frequent trigger for HSV-1 reactivation, is something many parents know all too well. The pressures of parenting can be overwhelming, and stress may manifest in various ways, including the reactivation of dormant viruses like HSV-1. Therefore, managing stress and being aware of one’s health during trying times is vital not just for the parent but also for the health of their children.

In summary, while the affection and care parents provide are priceless, this case emphasizes the need to recognize the potential hazards tied to common viral infections like HSV-1. A simple kiss, offered with the best intentions, can sometimes result in unanticipated and serious repercussions.

What Apple Could Reveal at the “It’s Glowtime” Event

### Apple’s Anticipated September Event: What to Anticipate

Apple’s September gathering has consistently been a highly awaited event, primarily dedicated to revealing the newest flagship iPhones and Apple Watch variants. While these products are likely to take the limelight once more, this year’s occasion might also bring some fascinating updates to other Apple gadgets. Here’s a thorough overview of what we might see from Apple’s forthcoming event.

#### iPhone 16 and 16 Pro: Incremental but Meaningful Enhancements

The iPhone 16 and iPhone 16 Pro are anticipated to continue Apple’s recent pattern of gradual updates rather than groundbreaking redesigns. The last significant revamp was the iPhone X in 2017, and since then, Apple has been concentrating on improving current features and introducing slight enhancements.

**Design Modifications:**
– **Capture Button:** Among the most discussed speculations is the arrival of a new “Capture” button on all iPhone 16 models. This button will enable users to take photographs without utilizing the touchscreen, providing a more tactile feel. The Capture button is expected to serve varying functions based on how it’s pressed, making it a multifunctional addition.
– **Action Button:** The Action button, first introduced with the iPhone 15 Pro, is set to be included across all iPhone 16 models. With the Capture button handling photography, the Action button can be tailored for different tasks.
– **Camera Configuration:** The iPhone 16 and iPhone 16 Plus will showcase a revised rear camera setup featuring two vertically arranged lenses, moving away from the diagonal configuration observed in earlier iterations.

**Pro Variants:**
– **Bigger Displays:** The iPhone 16 Pro and iPhone 16 Pro Max will experience slight enlargements in screen dimensions, with the Pro version increasing from 6.1 inches to 6.3 inches, and the Pro Max from 6.7 inches to 6.9 inches. This is mainly attributed to the incorporation of Border Reduction Structure (BRS), which will lessen the already slim bezels.
– **Enhanced Display:** The Pro models will also offer new panels that provide slightly greater peak brightness, staying in line with a trend of gradual display upgrades.

**Internal Improvements:**
– **Thermal Design Revamp:** Apple is likely to enhance the thermal design of the iPhone 16 series, addressing one of the main grievances regarding the iPhone 15 Pro, which faced overheating issues.
– **Camera Upgrades:** Every model will benefit from enhancements to their ultra-wide cameras, boosting low-light performance. The iPhone 16 Pro will feature a 48-megapixel ultra-wide camera, and the 5x zoom telephoto lens, formerly exclusive to the Pro Max, will be available on the smaller Pro model.

These updates might appear modest, but together they create a compelling reason for users with older models, especially those still using an iPhone 13 Pro or prior, to consider the iPhone 16 series.

#### Apple Watch Series X, Ultra, and SE: A Potential Overhaul

The Apple Watch has experienced minimal design alterations over the years, with the most notable update being the launch of the Ultra model for outdoor aficionados. However, this year may usher in a more significant redesign.

**Series X:**
– **Larger Screen Variant:** The Apple Watch Series X (or Series 10) is rumored to present a new, larger 49mm screen option, accompanied by a slimmer profile. This would represent the first major design update in years.
– **New Tracking Capabilities:** Reports indicate that the Series X may introduce sleep apnea tracking, a feature that could revolutionize the experience for users currently dependent on bulky medical devices.
– **Quicker Processor:** As anticipated, the upcoming Apple Watch models will incorporate a faster chip, enhancing overall functionality.

**Ultra and SE Versions:**
– While specifics are limited, the Ultra and SE variants are also expected to receive updates, though these will likely be of a more incremental nature.

#### AirPods and AirPods Max: Subtle Yet Significant Adjustments

Apple’s AirPods range is also set for an update, especially the standard AirPods and the over-ear AirPods Max.

**AirPods:**
– **Design Adjustments:** The new standard AirPods are expected to sport shorter stems, aligning their design more closely with that of the AirPods Pro.
– **Enhanced Noise Cancellation:** Improved noise-canceling features are also anticipated, making these more budget-friendly earbuds even more competitive.
– **USB-C Charging:** Aligning with Apple’s wider transition to USB-C, the new AirPods will likely adopt this universal charging standard.

**AirPods Max:**
– **USB-C and New Features:** The over-ear AirPods Max, which have not seen a major update since their introduction four years ago, are expected to transition from Lightning to USB-C. They may also acquire features from the latest AirPods Pro, such as dynamic noise cancellation modes.

#### iPad Mini: A Possible Surprise