AllYouCanTech

“Z-Wave Long Range Technology Poised to Launch Next Year Featuring Mile-Long Connectivity”

### Z-Wave Long Range: The Next Chapter in Smart Home Automation?

Z-Wave, a wireless communication standard for smart home equipment, has been praised for its dependability and energy efficiency when compared to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. With the launch of **Z-Wave Long Range (Z-Wave LR)**, this technology is set to transform smart home and commercial automation systems, providing exceptional range, effectiveness, and adaptability.

#### What Exactly is Z-Wave Long Range?

Z-Wave LR is an enhancement of the original Z-Wave protocol, created to overcome the challenges of range and scalability in smart home networks. In contrast to the standard Z-Wave mesh topology, which depends on interfacing devices to transmit signals, Z-Wave LR utilizes a **star network topology**. This structure allows devices to communicate directly with a central hub, removing the necessity for repeaters and intermediary nodes.

A notable advantage of Z-Wave LR is its remarkable range. The **Z-Wave Alliance** states that devices in long-range mode at full power can achieve communication ranges of up to **1.5 miles** (2.4 kilometers) under optimal conditions. Although actual performance may vary due to interference, barriers, and environmental factors, this substantial range positions Z-Wave LR as a compelling choice for larger residences, commercial environments, and external installations.

#### Primary Benefits of Z-Wave LR

1. **Wider Coverage**
With the capability to cover distances reaching up to 1.5 miles, Z-Wave LR is perfect for expansive properties, outdoor security setups, and commercial uses. This reduces the need for multiple hubs or repeaters, streamlining network architecture and lowering expenses.

2. **Enhanced Scalability**
Z-Wave LR networks can accommodate up to **4,000 devices**, a significant increase from the 232-device cap of conventional Z-Wave networks. This scalability is especially advantageous for extensive installations, including office complexes, storage facilities, and smart city projects.

3. **Improved Battery Longevity**
Devices within Z-Wave LR networks can dynamically modify their signal strength, maximizing power efficiency. In optimal conditions, devices powered by batteries can operate for up to **10 years** on a single coin cell battery, thereby lowering maintenance and operating costs.

4. **Compatibility with Traditional Z-Wave**
Z-Wave LR can function alongside existing Z-Wave networks, enabling users to incorporate new long-range devices without the need to replace their current infrastructure. This backward compatibility guarantees a seamless transition for existing Z-Wave users.

#### Shelly Wave: The Pioneer Z-Wave LR Product Range

Although Z-Wave LR has been available since 2020, the technology has only recently started to gain popularity in the market. **Shelly**, a leading IoT manufacturer, is preparing to unveil the first complete range of Z-Wave LR devices under the “Shelly Wave” brand in early 2025. This lineup will include:

– **Smart Plugs and Switches**: For managing appliances and lighting.
– **Motion Sensors**: To boost security and automate lighting.
– **Temperature and Moisture Detectors**: Perfect for climate control and leak detection.
– **Door and Window Sensors**: For monitoring access points.
– **Lighting Controllers**: Providing advanced control over both home and commercial lighting systems.

Shelly’s offerings are distinguished by their innovative design. Unlike many smart home devices that necessitate the replacement of existing switches and outlets, Shelly’s in-wall controls fit behind standard gang boxes. This design maintains the look of traditional switches while integrating smart capabilities.

#### Prerequisites for Z-Wave LR

To utilize Z-Wave LR, users will require a hub based on the **Z-Wave 700 or 800 series platform**. These hubs are designed to manage the extended range and device capacity of Z-Wave LR networks. As more manufacturers embrace the technology, the availability of compatible hubs and devices is anticipated to increase.

#### Applications for Z-Wave LR

The extensive range and scalability of Z-Wave LR create new opportunities for smart automation:

– **Large Homes and Estates**: Covering vast properties without the necessity for multiple hubs or repeaters.
– **Commercial Spaces**: Overseeing thousands of devices in office buildings, warehouses, and retail settings.
– **Outdoor Uses**: Supporting security cameras, motion sensors, and lighting systems across expansive outdoor areas.
– **Smart Cities**: Facilitating city-wide IoT networks for traffic control, public safety, and environmental monitoring.

#### Challenges and Considerations

While Z-Wave LR has numerous benefits, there are several challenges to keep in mind:

1. **Real-World Effectiveness**: The 1.5-mile range is based on ideal conditions, such as open landscapes with minimal interference. In urban or indoor locations, the actual range may be considerably diminished.
2. **Adoption and Compatibility**: As a newer technology, Z-Wave LR devices are still somewhat limited in availability.

“TP-Link Routers Facing Investigation Due to Possible US Ban Linked to Alleged Involvement in Chinese Cyberattacks”

### The Intensifying Debate Surrounding TP-Link Routers in the US

TP-Link, a well-known global producer of wireless routers, has become embroiled in a significant controversy within the United States. Established in China in 1996, the company has gained a substantial presence in the US marketplace, evolving into a favored option for home and business networking solutions. Nevertheless, recent apprehensions regarding national security threats, cybersecurity weaknesses, and pricing methods have put TP-Link under close examination by US government entities.

—

### **TP-Link’s Market Leadership and Emerging Concerns**

For a considerable time, TP-Link has been a leading entity in the wireless router sector, with its offerings broadly accessible on platforms like Amazon and even on US military installations. As per industry data referenced by *The Wall Street Journal (WSJ)*, TP-Link commands a strong 64.9% share of the US market for home and small-office routers, although the company contests this statistic. Its budget-friendly and dependable products have made it a preferred choice among consumers, earning honors like PCMag’s Readers’ Choice awards and accolades for its cost-effective devices.

Despite its commercial achievements, TP-Link’s roots in China have prompted concern in the US, particularly amid escalating geopolitical tensions between the nations. In October 2024, TP-Link declared that it had moved its headquarters to the United States, likely in an attempt to alleviate worries about its connections to China. However, this has not diminished fears over possible national security dangers.

—

### **Investigations by US Authorities**

US officials are reportedly probing whether TP-Link constitutes a national security risk, with a potential ban on its products looming. Agencies including the Commerce, Defense, and Justice Departments have instigated investigations into the company, and the Commerce Department has issued subpoenas to TP-Link, according to the WSJ.

The probes arise from fears that TP-Link routers could be manipulated by hackers sponsored by the Chinese state. Legislators from the House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party have urged the Commerce Department to take decisive action, stressing TP-Link’s “unusual degree of vulnerabilities” and its adherence to Chinese regulations. They also pointed out that TP-Link routers have been involved in cyberattacks against US critical infrastructure, intensifying the urgency surrounding the issue.

—

### **Vulnerabilities in Cybersecurity and Botnet Abuse**

One of the most disturbing elements of the TP-Link situation is the purported misuse of its routers by state-sponsored Chinese hackers. In October 2024, Microsoft disclosed that a botnet, comprising thousands of compromised devices—mainly TP-Link routers—was being utilized in password-spraying assaults against users of its Azure cloud platform. This botnet, linked to a Chinese hacking collective, highlights the risks associated with inadequately secured networking devices.

The WSJ reported that TP-Link routers are frequently distributed with security vulnerabilities that the company is said to ignore. Moreover, TP-Link has faced accusations of not collaborating with security experts who point out flaws in its products. While US officials have not provided proof that TP-Link is intentionally involved in these cyberattacks, the persistent weaknesses in its devices have raised significant doubts about its security protocols.

—

### **Wider Situation: The US Clampdown on Chinese Technology**

The examination of TP-Link is part of a larger US initiative aimed at addressing perceived dangers posed by Chinese technology firms. The Biden administration has already implemented measures to restrict the activities of companies like China Telecom and has intensified actions to counter cyberattacks attributed to groups linked to the Chinese state. Recent events, such as the Salt Typhoon breach impacting US telecommunications networks, have further escalated the urgency for action.

TP-Link’s routers have also been connected to attacks from other Chinese hacking factions, including Volt Typhoon. In May 2023, Check Point Research uncovered a malicious firmware implant specifically devised for TP-Link routers, contributing to the mounting evidence that such devices are targeted by advanced persistent threat (APT) entities.

—

### **Scrutiny of Pricing Strategies**

Alongside cybersecurity issues, TP-Link’s pricing tactics have come under investigation. The Justice Department is reportedly exploring whether the company practices predatory pricing by offering its products below production cost, a strategy that could infringe upon US antitrust regulations. TP-Link has refuted these claims, asserting that it adheres to all US laws and does not sell items at a loss.

The company’s low-price approach has been a crucial factor in its market leverage, but it has also sparked debates about whether this strategy is aimed at undermining competitors and creating a monopoly. This aspect of the investigation could significantly affect TP-Link’s operations in the US, irrespective of the outcomes of the national security inquiries.

—

### **Navigating Security and Consumer Preference**

The discussion surrounding TP-Link highlights the intricate balance between national security, cybersecurity, and consumer preferences. On one side, TP-Link’s affordable and dependable routers have made high-speed internet accessible to millions of Americans. Conversely, the potential hazards linked to its products cannot be overlooked, particularly

OpenAI Launches Complimentary Phone Hotline for ChatGPT Access

# OpenAI Unveils 1-800-CHATGPT: Voice Interaction with AI for All

In a revolutionary effort to enhance access to artificial intelligence, OpenAI has introduced **1-800-CHATGPT** (1-800-242-8478), a toll-free hotline enabling anyone in the United States to engage with ChatGPT through voice communication. Launched on December 18, 2024, as part of OpenAI’s “12 Days of OpenAI” product debut series, this pioneering service allows users to have live, interactive dialogues with the AI assistant for up to 15 minutes without any charges. International users can reach the same number for free via text on WhatsApp.

This significant advancement represents a major move toward making AI accessible to a wider audience, particularly for those who do not possess a smartphone or computer. Here’s what you need to know about this thrilling initiative.

—

## **Functionality Overview**

Upon dialing 1-800-CHATGPT, users are welcomed by a cheerful voice that states, *”Hello again, it’s ChatGPT, your AI assistant. Our conversation may be monitored for safety. How may I assist you?”* Subsequently, callers can pose questions, request translations, or simply engage in casual chats, just as they would in the app or web versions.

During a live demonstration, OpenAI team members illustrated the service’s adaptability. Examples included locating a distinct house in California, translating a sentence into Spanish, and showcasing calls from various devices, such as an iPhone, a flip phone, and a classic rotary phone. The service was found to be intuitive and responsive across all these platforms.

—

## **Significance**

The rollout of 1-800-CHATGPT aligns with OpenAI’s objective to promote inclusivity and accessibility in artificial intelligence. While ChatGPT has already achieved substantial popularity via its web and app platforms, this voice service fills a vital void by ensuring availability for those lacking modern tech.

### **Main Advantages:**
1. **Universal Access:** Not everyone has access to a computer or smartphone, yet most individuals own a phone. This service guarantees that AI tools are reachable for a broader demographic, including seniors and those in low-tech situations.
2. **User-Friendly Convenience:** Whether you’re traveling, away from your devices, or simply prefer voice engagement, 1-800-CHATGPT provides a fast and easy method to access AI support.
3. **International Outreach:** By facilitating complimentary text-based interactions through WhatsApp for users outside the U.S., OpenAI broadens its services globally, enhancing AI accessibility around the world.

—

## **Technical Insights**

The voice chat capability is powered by GPT-4o, an advanced iteration of OpenAI’s GPT-4 model. During the live event, OpenAI confirmed that the telephonic service operates on the complete version of GPT-4o, guaranteeing high-caliber responses. For WhatsApp users, the text interaction is conducted using a slightly reduced version termed GPT-4o mini.

### **Constraints:**
– **Time Limit:** Voice conversations are capped at 15 minutes for free users. To obtain additional time, users are encouraged to download the ChatGPT app and set up an account.
– **Privacy Advisory:** Like other OpenAI offerings, conversations may be subject to review for safety and quality control.

—

## **The Birth of 1-800-CHATGPT**

Notably, this innovation originated from an internal OpenAI “hack week” initiative. In just a few weeks, a focused team crafted the telephone-based voice chat system, demonstrating OpenAI’s dedication to swift innovation and user-centric design.

—

## **Future Plans for OpenAI**

The debut of 1-800-CHATGPT is only one highlight from OpenAI’s “12 Days of OpenAI” event. This initiative hinted at a series of novel products and features designed to enhance the capabilities and reach of AI. With this telephonic service, OpenAI has established a benchmark for integrating AI into daily life, even for those lacking cutting-edge technology.

—

## **Concluding Remarks**

The launch of 1-800-CHATGPT signifies a pivotal moment in the advancement of artificial intelligence. By connecting high-tech AI with low-tech accessibility, OpenAI empowers a broader audience to utilize the functionalities of ChatGPT. Whether you seek quick information, language conversion, or just a friendly chat, this service ensures AI is merely a phone call away.

As OpenAI forges ahead with its innovations, it’s evident that the future of AI encompasses not just state-of-the-art technology but also inclusivity and access for everyone. So, if you’re in the U.S., why not pick up the phone and connect with 1-800-CHATGPT? The future of AI is ready for a conversation with you.

“California Given Approval by EPA to Implement Tighter Emissions Regulations Until 2035”

**California’s Initiative for Zero-Emission Vehicles: A Historic Move for Clean Air**

In a crucial advancement towards tackling climate change and lessening air pollution, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has permitted California to proceed with two waivers that allow it to impose its own rigorous vehicle emissions standards. This resolution not only strengthens California’s role in environmental legislation but also lays the groundwork for a more extensive national transition toward zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs).

### **The Waivers and Their Consequences**

The waivers, sanctioned by the EPA, enable the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to enforce its Advanced Clean Cars II (ACC II) regulations. These rules stipulate that all new light- and medium-duty vehicles sold within the state must be zero-emission by 2035. Furthermore, the waivers also impose tighter restrictions on nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from heavy-duty and off-road vehicles.

According to the Clean Air Act, states are permitted to seek waivers to establish their own emissions standards when federal regulations fail to sufficiently address pollution. California’s latest waivers, applicable from 2026 to 2035, are projected to have a significant impact. Historically, seventeen other states and the District of Columbia have adopted CARB’s standards, suggesting these regulations could sway nearly half of the U.S. market.

EPA Administrator Michael Regan highlighted the significance of the waivers by stating, “California has an established authority to seek waivers from EPA to safeguard its residents from harmful air pollution generated by mobile sources like cars and trucks. Today’s actions demonstrate EPA’s dedication to collaborating with states to decrease emissions and confront the challenges of climate change.”

### **A Victory for Public Health and Consumer Options**

Environmental proponents have celebrated the EPA’s ruling as a triumph for public health and consumer options. Katherine Garcia, director of the Sierra Club’s Clean Transportation for All initiative, remarked, “Auto manufacturers focus on delivering clean, zero-emission vehicles to states that have adopted ACC II, making this a victory for consumer options and healthier communities.”

The ACC II regulations seek to tackle the interconnected issues of air pollution and climate change. By shifting to ZEVs, California and other endorsing states can drastically cut greenhouse gas emissions and enhance air quality, especially in urban regions that are disproportionately impacted by vehicle emissions.

### **The Previous Administration’s Resistance**

California’s capacity to set its own emissions standards has not been without contention. Under President Trump’s administration, the state encountered substantial resistance. Scott Pruitt, the first EPA administrator under Trump, attempted to withdraw California’s waiver, contending that “co-operative federalism doesn’t imply that one state can dictate standards to the remainder of the nation.”

Nevertheless, legal professionals and environmental advocates have stressed that waivers awarded under the Clean Air Act do not have expiration dates and are challenging to revoke. Although the Trump administration’s efforts to undermine California’s authority were momentarily effective, the Biden administration reinstated those powers in 2022, allowing the state to establish its own standards.

### **The Significance of Federalism in Environmental Policy**

The discourse surrounding California’s emissions standards underscores the broader topic of federalism in environmental policy. Kathy Harris, director of clean vehicles at the Natural Resources Defense Council, supported California’s stance, stating, “California concluded that shifting to cleaner and zero-emission vehicles is the optimal solution to the unique challenges it faces. This exemplifies how our federal system should function. If other states disagree with California’s method, they are not obliged to adopt it. However, no one should contest the established authority of states to act in protecting their populations.”

The Supreme Court recently opted not to hear an appeal from states contesting California’s clean air measures, further reinforcing the state’s authority to carry out its emissions standards.

### **Looking Forward**

As the 2035 deadline nears, California’s ACC II regulations are anticipated to stimulate innovation within the automotive sector. Automakers will need to accelerate the production of electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles to satisfy the rising demand in states adhering to CARB’s standards. This transformation could hasten the transition to a national ZEV market, diminishing the nation’s dependency on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions.

While obstacles remain—such as the necessity for expanded charging infrastructure and ensuring consumer affordability—the EPA’s endorsement of California’s waivers signifies a crucial juncture in the battle against climate change. By establishing ambitious emissions standards, California is not only safeguarding its residents but also paving the path for a cleaner, more sustainable future.

In the words of EPA Administrator Michael Regan, “Today’s actions confirm the effectiveness of state and federal collaboration in addressing the pressing threat of climate change. Together, we can foster a healthier, more resilient future for everyone.”

“Robust Initial Sales for PS5 Pro Even with $700 Price Point”

**The PS5 Pro: An In-Depth Examination of Sony’s Mid-Cycle Console Enhancement**

Upon the announcement of the PlayStation 5 Pro earlier this year, the gaming world erupted with theories and predictions. Could a console priced at $700, promoted as a mid-cycle enhancement, establish a notable presence in an already saturated market? Initial sales figures indicate a clear “yes,” with early adopters demonstrating considerable enthusiasm for the enhanced graphical features of the PS5 Pro.

### **A Demand for Performance: Strong Early Sales**

Even with its high price point, the PS5 Pro has succeeded in claiming a significant portion of the console market during its initial month. Circana analyst Matt Piscatella noted that the PS5 Pro represented 19% of all PS5 sales in the U.S. throughout November. This statistic closely mirrors the lifetime sales ratio of the PS4 Pro, which contributed about 20% of all PS4 sales after its debut in 2016.

Global markets have likewise reacted favorably. In the UK, GfK ChartTrack disclosed that the PS5 Pro made up 26% of all console sales in November. In Japan, Famitsu data indicated that the PS5 Pro significantly led sales in November, accounting for 63% of PS5 units sold, with an impressive 78,000 units sold in the first week of its launch.

### **Revenue Over Quantity**

While the raw unit sales of the PS5 Pro in the U.S. were slightly down (12% lower) compared to the PS4 Pro’s launch in 2016, the new console generated 50% more revenue. This can be attributed to its elevated price—$700 compared to the PS4 Pro’s $400 launch price (approximately $533 in today’s terms). This revenue increase highlights the readiness of a committed segment of gamers to spend more for advanced hardware.

Sony’s approach seems to be yielding positive results, with company president Hiroki Totoki confirming that the PS5 Pro’s pricing has not adversely affected sales. “Hardcore users are the focus of this hardware,” Totoki emphasized, spotlighting the console’s allure for those who value performance and visual quality.

### **The Attraction of Mid-Generation Enhancements**

The early achievements of the PS5 Pro underscore the effectiveness of Sony’s dual-console strategy. By introducing a more powerful model mid-cycle, Sony addresses a niche of gamers eager to remain at the cutting edge of gaming technology. This strategy reflects the approach taken with the PS4 Pro, which also cultivated a loyal following despite being a modest upgrade.

Nonetheless, the launch of the PS5 Pro has encountered its own hurdles. Reports indicate that Sony’s preliminary supply of the console has exceeded demand, resulting in units not selling out during pre-orders. Scalpers, who anticipated making a profit from low availability, were frequently compelled to resell their consoles at a loss. This implies that while the PS5 Pro enjoys a solid early adopter base, its broader appeal might not be as widespread as Sony might envision.

### **The Larger Console Environment**

The rollout of the PS5 Pro is occurring at a time when numerous gamers remain satisfied with older consoles. Millions of players continue to actively use their PS4s, and the PS5 has relatively few exclusive games that genuinely display its potential. This scenario raises concerns regarding the enduring demand for mid-generation enhancements, especially as competing systems like PCs and the Nintendo Switch present alternative gaming options.

In contrast, Microsoft has opted for a different strategy. Xbox chief Phil Spencer recently noted that the company has no interest in “incremental hardware” upgrades, choosing instead to concentrate on innovations that offer unique on-screen experiences. This strategic divergence underscores the differing philosophies of the two leading gaming companies.

### **Looking Forward**

The early sales data for the PS5 Pro imply that a market still exists for high-performance consoles, even at a steep price. However, it remains to be seen if this initial momentum can be maintained. The console’s success is likely to depend on its capacity to provide a discernible upgrade in gaming experiences and the availability of exclusive titles that fully utilize its features.

At this point, Sony’s mid-cycle upgrade strategy seems to resonate with its intended audience. As the gaming landscape continues to progress, the PS5 Pro stands as a testament to the lasting appeal of state-of-the-art hardware for a dedicated segment of gamers. Whether this strategy will continue to be viable in the future is a question that only time—and the gaming market—will resolve.

GM and ChargePoint to Launch Hundreds of “Omni Port” EV Chargers Across the Country by 2025

### GM and ChargePoint to Roll Out Hundreds of Ultra-Fast EV Chargers by 2025

With the electric vehicle (EV) market on the rise, the necessity for accessible, reliable, and rapid charging infrastructure is also increasing. General Motors (GM), in partnership with ChargePoint, has revealed plans to introduce hundreds of new DC fast chargers under the GM Energy brand by 2025. This initiative is part of GM’s larger strategy to promote EV adoption and improve the charging experience for its clients.

#### **A Move Towards Widespread Charging**

Despite GM’s recent shift towards hybrid vehicles, the company remains dedicated to expanding EV infrastructure. The collaboration with ChargePoint aims to tackle one of the major obstacles to EV adoption: the presence of fast and convenient charging solutions.

Rick Wilmer, CEO of ChargePoint, highlighted the significance of this partnership, stating, *”The shift to electric mobility continues to be propelled by leaders such as General Motors offering innovative EVs and committing to make chargers as widespread as possible. Together, ChargePoint and GM will provide a seamless fast charging experience through reliable charging hardware managed by our top-tier software platform.”*

#### **Ultra-Fast Charging for Tomorrow**

A notable aspect of the new chargers is their ability to provide up to 500 kW of power. Although no current EV can take advantage of this charging speed, the infrastructure is being developed with future EV enhancements in consideration. This forward-looking strategy guarantees that the chargers will remain applicable as battery technology progresses.

Furthermore, many of the chargers will incorporate ChargePoint’s “Omni Port” technology, which accommodates both CCS1 and NACS (J3400) connectors. This dual compatibility enables nearly all EV drivers—excluding Nissan Leaf owners who utilize the CHAdeMO standard—to utilize the chargers. The addition of NACS connectors is especially important, reflecting the increasing trend among automakers, including GM, to adopt Tesla’s North American Charging Standard.

#### **Improving the EV Ownership Journey**

Wade Sheffer, vice president of GM Energy, underscored the significance of enhancing the EV ownership experience. He remarked, *”Continuing to provide customers with improved charging options helps to eliminate barriers to EV adoption and enhance the ownership journey. With ultra-fast charging, Omni Port technology, and outstanding customer experiences, this partnership should inspire excitement among EV drivers and those curious about electric vehicles.”*

The introduction of these chargers is expected to complement GM’s ongoing efforts to make EV charging more attainable. Presently, GM drivers have access to hundreds of thousands of charging locations through partnerships and networks, and the addition of these new chargers will further strengthen the ecosystem.

#### **A Comprehensive Charging Network Vision**

While the promise of “hundreds” of chargers might appear modest in comparison to Tesla’s extensive Supercharger network, it constitutes just one component of GM’s broader infrastructure strategy. GM is also engaged in several other initiatives to enhance EV charging:

1. **IONNA Joint Venture**: GM is among eight automakers participating in the IONNA joint venture, which aims to establish 30,000 fast chargers across the U.S. by 2026. This includes installations at 50 Sheetz locations.

2. **Pilot and Flying J Travel Centers**: GM is collaborating with EVgo to install 2,000 fast chargers at 500 Pilot and Flying J travel centers, catering to those traveling long distances or on road trips.

3. **Urban Charging Solutions**: For urban residents, GM Energy and EVgo are working together to deploy 2,850 chargers, with at least 400 locations featuring gas station-like canopies for added ease of access.

These initiatives collectively signify a substantial investment in EV infrastructure, showcasing GM’s dedication to facilitating the transition to electric mobility.

#### **Timeline and Anticipations**

The GM Energy/ChargePoint chargers are projected to be functional by the end of 2025. With their ultra-fast charging capabilities and dual-port configuration, these chargers are set to play a vital role in enhancing the accessibility and efficiency of EV charging for an ever-growing number of drivers.

#### **Conclusion**

As the EV market continues to thrive, the demand for robust charging infrastructure becomes ever more critical. GM’s collaboration with ChargePoint is a promising advancement in meeting this demand, providing drivers with quicker, more convenient charging options. By investing in future-ready technology and partnering with industry leaders, GM is establishing itself as a prominent player in the EV movement. For both EV fans and the EV-curious, these progressions herald a brighter, more interconnected future for electric mobility.

“Drug Transactions Skyrocket on Social Media, Skirting the Dark Web”

### The Transition from Dark Web to Social Media: The Evolution of Drug Sales

The realm of illegal drug transactions is experiencing a notable shift. Previously dominated by the obscure areas of the dark web, this trade is now increasingly transitioning to popular social media platforms and encrypted messaging services such as Snapchat, Telegram, Instagram, and WhatsApp. This evolution is altering the dynamics of how drugs are acquired and traded, presenting fresh hurdles for law enforcement, social media firms, and society in general.

#### The Emergence of Social Media as a Drug Marketplace

Social media sites have turned into a thriving environment for drug sellers, providing a convenience and access level that the dark web struggles to offer. Dealers employ a mix of emojis and coded terminology to promote their goods, complicating detection efforts by algorithms and law enforcement. For example, snowflakes and snowmen are frequently utilized to symbolize cocaine, while pill capsules and lightning bolts denote MDMA or molly. Even the maple leaf emoji has become a common representation of drugs.

This migration has simplified drug acquisition for consumers, who can now discreetly receive their orders via mail, avoiding the dangers linked to street-level dealings. The European Union Drugs Agency reports that drug sales through social media are “increasingly prominent.” Research indicates that in certain areas, like Ireland, as much as 20% of drug purchases are now organized through social media channels.

#### Reasons for Social Media’s Growing Popularity

Numerous factors are driving the rising preference for social media over the dark web:

1. **Accessibility**: Unlike the dark web, which necessitates specific software like Tor and familiarity with cryptocurrencies, social media platforms are well-known and broadly utilized. A quick search or keyword can link users to dealers in a matter of minutes.

2. **Convenience and Privacy**: Social media facilitates rapid communication and transactions, often eliminating the need for direct encounters. Encrypted messaging apps like Telegram further improve privacy.

3. **Perceived Security**: Some users believe that purchasing drugs online provides enhanced quality control. For instance, Telegram channels often feature review and feedback sections where individuals discuss the quality of offerings from particular dealers.

4. **Integration into Routine Life**: Younger demographics, who are accustomed to online shopping for everything from groceries to gadgets, intuitively extend this behavior to drug purchases.

#### The Dark Web’s Evolving Role

While social media is emerging as the preferred venue for retail drug sales, the dark web is not entirely vanishing. Rather, it seems to be transitioning towards wholesale dealings. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reports that the average value of transactions on the dark web has risen, even as the overall number of transactions has diminished. This indicates that smaller individual buyers are gravitating towards social media, while larger operations continue to utilize the dark web.

#### Risks and Complications

The movement of drug sales to social media introduces its own array of risks and complications:

1. **Targeting Vulnerable Groups**: Social media platforms facilitate easier targeting of younger and more susceptible users by dealers. Research by Ashly Fuller from University College London revealed that 60% of teenagers had encountered drug-related content on social media, and 10% had bought drugs through these platforms.

2. **Quality and Safety Issues**: While some argue that online drug markets offer superior quality control, no formal assessment verifies this. The availability of hazardous substances like fentanyl in online drug sales remains a serious worry.

3. **Fraud and Exploitation**: Not every online dealer is legitimate. Some users report being scammed or threatened after transferring money to illegitimate accounts.

4. **Law Enforcement Obstacles**: Social media platforms offer a degree of anonymity that complicates law enforcement’s ability to trace and capture dealers. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has cautioned that social media broadens the reach of drug cartels directly into users’ devices, making it more challenging to combat the trade.

#### The Responsibility of Social Media Companies

Social media networks face increasing demands to tackle the drug sales issue. Companies like Meta (the parent of Facebook and Instagram), Snapchat, and TikTok assert that they are taking measures, removing millions of drug-related materials each year. For instance, Meta reported the removal of 9.3 million drug-related items in 2023, while Snapchat acted in over 240,000 cases in the latter half of the same year.

Nonetheless, critics contend that these initiatives are often indiscriminate, occasionally targeting harm reduction organizations and educational resources about drugs. Additionally, the sheer enormity of the issue makes it challenging for platforms to keep pace, despite improvements in AI and machine learning algorithms aimed at spotting drug-related activity.

#### The Future of Drug Transactions

As enforcement efforts on platforms like Telegram and Instagram ramp up, experts caution that dealers may simply shift to alternative platforms or devise new strategies to avoid detection. This ongoing cat-and-mouse game continues to complicate the landscape of drug sales.

“Contribute to Our Yearly Charity Initiative and Get a Shot at Winning Special Merchandise”

### Help Drive the Ars Technica Charity Total Beyond $16,000 in Just Over a Week

The festive season is a time for generosity, and Ars Technica’s yearly Charity Drive is currently underway, providing readers the opportunity to support worthy causes while also entering to win a selection of exciting prizes. Having raised nearly $16,000 in just over a week, the drive is off to a promising beginning, yet there’s ample opportunity to amplify the impact further. Whether your interests lie in championing digital rights or aiding children in need, this charity initiative is a wonderful chance to give back while also having the opportunity to win over $4,000 in prizes.

### The Charities: EFF and Child’s Play

This year, the Ars Technica Charity Drive is backing two remarkable organizations:

1. **Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF):** The EFF is a nonprofit organization committed to safeguarding civil liberties in the digital age. From advocating for privacy rights to championing free speech online, the EFF tirelessly strives to ensure technology benefits the public.

2. **Child’s Play:** This charity aims to enhance the well-being of children in hospitals and domestic violence shelters through the gift of play. By supplying toys, games, and other forms of entertainment, Child’s Play brings joy and solace to children navigating tough situations.

At present, donations are shared between these two initiatives, with Child’s Play enjoying a slight edge. Nevertheless, both organizations equally deserve your backing, and every donation contributes to their cause.

### How to Get Involved

Participating in the donation and sweepstakes process is straightforward and easy. Here’s how you can join in:

1. **Make a Donation:**
– Support **Child’s Play** via credit card, PayPal, or by selecting an item from their Amazon wish list for a particular hospital. You can also visit the [Ars Technica campaign page](https://my.onecause.com/fundraiser/organizations/8534d777-53ce-4d94-a537-c8e0cbb7acb0/fundraisers/fundraiser:ae0c129c-94ac-4e63-a265-20b71ac4bd03) to donate directly.
– Donate to the **EFF** using PayPal, credit card, or cryptocurrency via their [donation page](http://eff.org/AT2014).

Feel free to contribute any amount that suits you—each bit helps these vital organizations continue their important work.

2. **Enter the Sweepstakes:**
After donating, register your entry by sending a digital receipt (like a forwarded email, screenshot, or text copy) to **[email protected]**. Ensure you include your name, mailing address, daytime phone number, and email address.
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### Why You Should Donate Now

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### A Look Back: The Record to Beat

In 2020, Ars Technica readers set a benchmark by contributing over $58,000 during the charity drive. This year’s initiative is off to a vibrant start, but there’s still a long way to go to meet or exceed that record. With your help, we can turn 2024 into another landmark year of altruism and compassion.

### Join the Movement

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So, what are you waiting for? Go to the donation pages for [Child’s Play](https://childsplay.salsalabs.org/Donate/index.html) or the

Russian Space Agency Validates Dedication to International Space Station Activities Until 2030

### Russia’s Transforming Space Strategy: Obstacles, Aspirations, and Collaborations

The realm of space exploration has always been fraught with high stakes, where triumph is never assured, and setbacks are an inherent part of advancement. This reality was highlighted by Yuri Borisov, the head of Russia’s space agency Roscosmos, during a recent discussion with Russian media. His comments illuminate Russia’s shifting space strategy, its obstacles, and its ambitions as the country faces both domestic and global pressures.

#### **Prolonging the International Space Station’s Lifespan**

One of the key insights from Borisov’s interview was Russia’s pledge to maintain its involvement in the International Space Station (ISS) initiative until 2030. This represents a notable change from previous statements indicating that Russia might withdraw from the collaboration shortly after 2024.

“In collaboration with our American colleagues, we intend to de-orbit the station around the beginning of 2030,” Borisov explained. This extension corresponds with NASA’s aim to keep the ISS operational until the decade’s conclusion, after which commercial space stations are anticipated to take its place.

Nonetheless, Borisov recognized the difficulties of sustaining the aging orbital platform, some of which have been in orbit for over 25 years. He observed that Russian cosmonauts are dedicating increasing time to equipment repairs, resulting in less opportunity for scientific research. This underscores the escalating operational challenges of the ISS as it approaches the end of its lifespan.

#### **A Balanced Approach to Leadership**

Borisov’s leadership method contrasts sharply with that of his predecessor, Dmitry Rogozin, who was known for his aggressive rhetoric. In the interview, Borisov adopted a more conciliatory and realistic tone, commending NASA and even recognizing the accomplishments of competitors like SpaceX.

“Space is a field where achieving a 100 percent guaranteed outcome is impossible, and failures plague everyone,” he remarked, alluding to SpaceX’s early challenges with its Falcon 1 rocket. Borisov’s remarks reflect an understanding of the inherent dangers in space exploration and an openness to learning from both achievements and setbacks.

#### **Encouraging Private Investment**

A significant challenge confronting Russia’s space initiative is the scarcity of private investment. Unlike the United States, where companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin have transformed the sector, Russia’s space industry remains predominantly dependent on government funding. Borisov indicated that private firms in the West represent 70 percent of space services, a benchmark that Russia has yet to reach.

To encourage private capital, the Russian government is providing guaranteed demand for services and advanced contracts. However, Borisov admitted that the current economic landscape, characterized by high inflation and interest rates, presents considerable obstacles. Moreover, the ongoing situation in Ukraine has likely strained Russia’s resources and discouraged potential investors.

#### **A Russian Equivalent to Starlink by 2030**

One of Russia’s most ambitious objectives is to establish a domestic equivalent to SpaceX’s Starlink satellite internet network. A private entity, Bureau 1440, has shown interest in spearheading this initiative, and Borisov is hopeful about the project’s potential. He assured that Russians would gain access to a Starlink-like service by 2030, calling this timeline “guaranteed.”

The creation of such a network would signify a substantial technological and economic milestone for Russia, potentially enhancing its space sector and generating a new revenue avenue.

#### **Obstacles in Deep Space Exploration**

While Russia harbors grand aspirations for space exploration, including missions to far-off planets, the absence of a super-heavy lift rocket remains a significant barrier. Borisov conceded that such a rocket is vital for deep space endeavors but noted that it is not presently part of Roscosmos’ financial plan. The earliest chance for funding such an initiative could be in 2026, but even then, Borisov expressed caution regarding its practicality.

“It’s not going to be happening soon,” he stated. “It’s a costly venture.”

#### **Balancing Historical Legacy and Future Goals**

Borisov’s comments reveal a profound awareness of Russia’s illustrious history in space exploration, from launching the first satellite, Sputnik, to sending the first human, Yuri Gagarin, into orbit. “We opened space to the world,” he remarked, underscoring the pride and responsibility that accompany this legacy.

However, he also acknowledged the necessity to adapt to a swiftly evolving global space landscape. Nations such as the United States, China, and India are making significant advancements, while private companies are propelling innovation at unprecedented speeds. For Russia to continue being a key player, it must overcome its economic hurdles, nurture private investments, and modernize its space infrastructure.

#### **Conclusion**

Russia’s space initiative finds itself at a crucial juncture, reconciling its historical accomplishments with the necessity to adapt to contemporary realities. Under Yuri Borisov’s guidance, Roscosmos seems to be embracing a more measured and cooperative approach, concentrating on long-term objectives like extending

Carnivorous Squirrels Observed Consuming Voles

### California Ground Squirrels: Charming Foragers or Resourceful Predators?

When people envision squirrels, they often picture fluffy-tailed rodents munching on acorns or hastily climbing trees. Nevertheless, new research has revealed a surprising and somewhat disconcerting aspect of these seemingly harmless animals. A study featured in the *Journal of Ethology* has recorded California ground squirrels actively hunting, capturing, and eating voles in Briones Regional Park, California. This groundbreaking behavior challenges previously held beliefs about squirrel diets and highlights their adaptability in evolving ecosystems.

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### **An Astonishing Revelation**

Jennifer Smith, a biologist at the University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, and co-author of the study, characterized the results as “astonishing.” Despite years of watching squirrels in natural and urban environments, this particular behavior had never been reported previously. “Squirrels are among the most recognizable animals to humans,” Smith remarked. “Yet here’s this unprecedented behavior that reveals how much remains to be discovered about the natural history of our surroundings.”

Although squirrels are primarily recognized as granivores—consuming seeds, nuts, and fruits—they are also opportunistic eaters. Occasionally, insects, bird eggs, and even young hatchlings supplement their diet. Historical research, such as a 1993 study by biologist J.R. Callahan, indicated that as many as 30 squirrel species might prey on small animals including fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. However, much of this evidence was based on examining the stomach contents of deceased squirrels, raising questions about whether the animals scavenged or hunted actively.

The recent study provides concrete evidence of active predation, with researchers documenting 74 occurrences of squirrels hunting or eating voles over an 18-day field expedition during the summer of 2024.

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### **The Research: Observing Hunting Behavior**

This research forms part of a long-term behavioral ecology project initiated in 2013, concentrating on California ground squirrels in Briones Regional Park. Each summer, researchers live-trap, label, and release squirrels, utilizing metal ear tags and unique fur markings for recognition. Their actions are captured on video, with further statistical analysis conducted to explore demographic patterns and ecological effects.

This past summer, the team recorded a notable increase in vole-hunting behavior, aligning with a substantial rise in the local vole population. Almost half of the observed instances featured squirrels actively pursuing voles. The hunting technique was systematic: squirrels would leap onto their prey, secure it with their forepaws and teeth, and deliver lethal bites to the neck. Some squirrels transported their catch to burrows or hidden spots before eating, while others consumed their prey on the spot.

In instances where squirrels ate voles immediately, they often removed the head first, followed by stripping fur and retrieving meat from the body. However, researchers observed that there was no uniform “approach” for consuming voles, indicating that the behavior may still be somewhat experimental or context-dependent.

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### **Competition and Social Interactions**

Interestingly, the researchers noted limited competition among squirrels during their hunting efforts. However, in five successful hunts, other squirrels displayed competitive behavior afterward, trying to steal the prey. In one memorable case, a female squirrel shared her freshly caught vole with two juveniles, suggesting possible social or family dynamics in this newly observed predatory behavior.

The team also discovered eight vole remains that seemed to have been scavenged, with other squirrels vying for the leftovers. This indicates that while active hunting was common, scavenging still constituted a part of the squirrels’ diet.

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### **What Drives Squirrels to Hunt Voles?**

The rise of this behavior prompts fascinating questions regarding its underlying motivations. The researchers theorize that this behavior might be an adaptive reaction to environmental shifts, especially the spike in vole populations this summer. With an abundance of prey accessible, squirrels may have taken advantage of the opportunity to diversify their diets.

This adaptability could also relate to broader ecological pressures such as habitat degradation or competition for conventional food sources. As human activities continue to modify ecosystems, animals like squirrels may be compelled to develop new survival techniques.

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### **Ecological Consequences and Future Investigations**

The identification of predatory behavior in California ground squirrels carries significant ramifications for understanding their position within local ecosystems. Hunting voles could influence vole populations and, consequently, the wider food web. Additionally, the researchers intend to explore whether this behavior impacts the reproductive rates of squirrels, as a protein-rich diet might yield nutritional advantages.

Another crucial question is whether this behavior is learned or instinctive. If younger squirrels learn and replicate hunting behaviors from adults, it could become more prevalent in future generations. The team plans to return next summer to assess any long-term ecological effects and determine if vole-hunting remains a typical behavior.