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Verizon and AT&T Contend in Court That FCC Does Not Have the Power to Sanction Them for Selling User Location Information

# Telecom Providers Contest FCC Penalties Regarding Location Data Sales, Cite Right to Trial by Jury

In a significant legal confrontation, prominent U.S. telecommunications companies—Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile—are actively seeking to reverse penalties imposed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for the unauthorized sale of customer location data. The carriers contend that the FCC exceeded its authority and infringed on their constitutional rights, notably their right to a jury trial as protected by the Seventh Amendment.

## Background: The FCC’s Penalties and the Location Data Controversy

The issue traces back to 2018, when revelations emerged that the top U.S. wireless providers had sold real-time location data of their customers to third-party data brokers. These brokers subsequently sold the information to various organizations, including law enforcement, without securing proper consent from customers. The controversy became public when it was reported that a sheriff in Missouri had utilized a location-tracking service provided by Securus, a communication service for correctional institutions, to locate individuals without authorization.

In retaliation, the FCC initiated an investigation and, by April 2024, imposed fines amounting to $196 million on the carriers. T-Mobile received a penalty of $80.1 million, AT&T was fined $57.3 million, Verizon faced a fine of $46.9 million, and Sprint (now under T-Mobile) was charged $12.2 million. The FCC accused the carriers of neglecting the protection of sensitive customer data and continuing to sell access to location information after recognizing the inherent risks.

## Carriers’ Legal Claims

Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile have launched lawsuits disputing the FCC’s penalties, with Verizon and AT&T filing comprehensive legal documents in November 2024. The carriers assert that the FCC does not possess the legal authority to enforce such penalties and that the fines infringe upon their constitutional rights.

### Seventh Amendment Right to a Jury Trial

A fundamental aspect of the argument presented by Verizon and AT&T is that the FCC’s penalties contravene their Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial. The Seventh Amendment ensures the entitlement to a jury trial in civil cases where governmental entities aim to impose penalties. The carriers assert that since the FCC is pursuing civil penalties, they should have the right for their cases to be decided by a jury in a federal court as opposed to being resolved by an administrative body like the FCC.

Verizon’s statement to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit indicated that the FCC’s actions “contravened both the Communications Act and the Constitution.” Similarly, AT&T made a related claim in its submission to the 5th Circuit, asserting that the FCC’s penalties are unconstitutional as they were issued without a jury trial.

### Location Data and the Communications Act

An additional significant issue is whether the location data at the center of the dispute qualifies as Customer Proprietary Network Information (CPNI) under the Communications Act. The FCC maintains that location data is classified as CPNI and is thus subject to stringent privacy protections. However, the carriers contest this interpretation.

For instance, AT&T argues that the location data was not exclusively obtained through its voice service provision, which is required for data to be designated as CPNI under the law. Rather, AT&T contends that the data was acquired as part of an encompassing suite of services, including both voice and data, thereby falling outside the FCC’s jurisdiction.

Verizon equally argued that the FCC’s interpretation of the law was excessively broad and that the agency did not afford “fair notice” that its regulations would pertain to the location data in question.

## The FCC’s Stance

The FCC has upheld its actions, asserting that the carriers neglected to secure proper consent from customers prior to selling access to their location data. The FCC contends that the carriers attempted to shift their obligation to acquire consent onto third-party data brokers, which led to numerous occurrences of invalid consent not being obtained.

In its April 2024 directive, the FCC highlighted that location data is exceptionally sensitive, and the carriers were responsible for safeguarding it. The agency also noted the carriers’ continued sale of location data access, even after recognizing the inadequacy of their protective measures.

The FCC has dismissed the carriers’ claims regarding the Seventh Amendment, invoking prior legal precedents that permit Congress to designate specific issues to administrative agencies, even if a jury trial would normally be warranted in federal court. Nonetheless, the carriers’ legal argument has gained momentum following a recent Supreme Court ruling.

## The Implications of the Supreme Court’s *Jarkesy* Decision

Both Verizon and AT&T have referenced the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in June 2024 on *Securities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy*, which determined that defendants facing civil penalties from the SEC are entitled to a jury trial under the Seventh Amendment. This ruling, which upheld a determination by the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals, carries substantial implications for

DNA Examination Uncovers Fresh Understanding of the Identities of Pompeii’s Casualties

### Merging Genetic Insights with Archaeological Discoveries: reshaping the Narratives of Pompeii’s Casualties

The devastating eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, which engulfed the historic Roman city of Pompeii beneath layers of ash and pumice, has captivated historians, archaeologists, and the general public for centuries. The chilling plaster casts of the victims, captured in their final moments, have played a pivotal role in the popular stories surrounding the disaster. Nonetheless, recent breakthroughs in genetic research are calling into question many of these enduring beliefs, providing a more refined perspective on the individuals who inhabited—and perished in—Pompeii.

#### The Impact of Genetic Insights in Archaeological Research

For many years, archaeologists have depended on tangible evidence such as artifacts, skeletal remains, and architectural remains to reconstruct historical narratives. While these techniques have yielded critical insights, they frequently suffer from the biases and preconceptions of their time. The combination of genetic data with archaeological and historical context is now furnishing a clearer viewpoint to examine ancient cultures, enabling researchers to amend or enhance established narratives.

A recent publication in *Current Biology* serves as an illustration of this methodology. Researchers obtained DNA from the skeletal remains of several Pompeii victims, uncovering unexpected details regarding their heritage, family ties, and even physical traits. These revelations not only contest popular perceptions but also underscore the heterogeneous and cosmopolitan essence of Pompeii’s inhabitants, mirroring larger trends of mobility and cultural interchange within the Roman Empire.

#### The Plaster Figures of Pompeii: A Glimpse into History

The plaster figures of Pompeii’s victims, devised by archaeologist Giuseppe Fiorelli in the 19th century, have transformed into emblematic representations of the catastrophe. By pouring liquid plaster into the voids left by decayed bodies, Fiorelli and his team managed to capture the victims’ last moments in haunting clarity. More than 1,000 bodies have been unearthed from the ruins, with 104 plaster casts preserved. Yet, recent restoration initiatives have disclosed that several of these casts were altered to match the aesthetic standards of the time, raising concerns about the validity of interpretations derived from them.

For instance, CT scans and X-rays of the casts have indicated that bones were frequently extracted before casting, and metallic rods were sometimes included to reinforce the figures. Such modifications, combined with the cultural biases of previous eras, have played a significant role in shaping how archaeologists and the public have perceived the identities and relationships of the victims.

#### Genetic Research Questions Established Narratives

The recent investigation sought to evaluate some of these interpretations by examining the DNA of four victims discovered in the “House of the Golden Bracelet,” a location where archaeologists had traditionally believed a family—a father, mother, and child—had perished together. The positioning of the bodies, along with the discovery of a golden bracelet on one of the victims, reinforced this familial narrative.

However, the genetic investigation unraveled a different narrative. All four victims were male, including the one adorned with the golden bracelet, and none were genetically related. This outcome disrupts the conventional assumption that the victims constituted a typical family unit and implies they could have been unrelated individuals who took refuge together during the eruption. The DNA analysis also indicated that the victims possessed ancestry from North Africa or the Mediterranean, adding complexity to the portrayal of a uniform Roman populace.

In another scenario, the two bodies found intertwined in the “House of the Cryptoporticus” had long been presumed to be lovers, sisters, or a mother and daughter. However, DNA examination revealed that one of the remains was male, eliminating two of those possibilities. The male victim’s ancestry traced back to the Near East and North Africa, reinforcing the accumulating evidence of Pompeii’s varied population.

#### The Villa of the Mysteries: A Custodian or a Household Member?

The “Villa of the Mysteries,” renowned for its Bacchic frescoes, also provided significant genetic revelations. Archaeologists had hypothesized that a body discovered in the villa, adorned with an engraved iron and carnelian ring, was likely the custodian of the premises rather than a family member. Genetic analysis confirmed that this person was male and exhibited mixed ancestry, showcasing genetic markers from both the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe. This finding lends weight to the interpretation that the victim might have served as a servant or caretaker, as opposed to belonging to the affluent family that owned the villa.

#### Consequences for Archaeology and Historical Understanding

The synthesis of genetic data with archaeological findings carries profound ramifications for how we interpret historical events. As co-author David Reich, a geneticist at Harvard University, observed, “The scientific data we present do not universally coincide with prevalent beliefs.” He warned against the risks of imposing contemporary expectations surrounding gender, family, and social structures onto ancient civilizations. Genetic analysis thus advocates for a more scrutinizing approach to interpreting archaeological data, considering the intricacies and subtleties of antiquity.

Alissa Mittnik, another co-author of the study, underscored the significance of this multidisciplinary strategy.

“Major Transformations En Route in Space Policy”

### The Evolution of US Space Policy: Elon Musk, Donald Trump, and the Path Forward

The international space community encountered a new paradigm on Wednesday. Elon Musk, the mastermind behind SpaceX and arguably the most pivotal personality in contemporary space exploration, has adeptly utilized his resources, time, and sway to assist in re-electing Donald Trump as President of the United States. This turn of events has reverberated through the space sector, as Musk, already a frontrunner in Western space endeavors, now enjoys unparalleled access to the upper echelons of governance.

With SpaceX undertaking the launch of national security satellites, transporting NASA astronauts to the International Space Station, and managing a vast constellation of satellites, Musk’s impact on space policy is already considerable. Now, with his close association with Trump, Musk’s influence over the direction of US spaceflight could become even more significant. Though he may not occupy an official cabinet role, Musk is anticipated to have extensive responsibilities within the new administration, particularly concerning space and defense.

### A Transformative Phase in Space Policy: Musk’s Impact

Musk’s participation in the Trump administration brings forth pressing concerns regarding conflicts of interest. As the principal owner of SpaceX, Musk stands to gain enormously from any space policies that favor his enterprise. The New York Times recently highlighted that Musk has advised Trump to recruit essential personnel from SpaceX for his administration, including roles at the Department of Defense. This implies that Musk’s influence may not be confined to space policy alone but could extend into national security matters.

While such potential conflicts of interest are generally viewed unfavorably, Trump’s disregard for established political norms suggests that Musk’s role in space policy may remain unregulated. One strategy to navigate federal conflict-of-interest regulations could involve appointing Musk as a “special advisor,” a designation that would free him from certain legal stipulations.

Notwithstanding these apprehensions, Musk’s achievements in space exploration cannot be overlooked. His advocacy for reusable launch vehicles and satellite internet services has transformed the sector. In isolation, having someone of Musk’s caliber steering US space policy might not necessarily be detrimental. However, the political landscape in Washington, DC, is far from straightforward, and this complexity could hinder Musk’s aspirations.

### The Future of NASA: Streamlining or Disorder?

A crucial consideration for the incoming administration is the strategy for NASA. The US space agency has faced long-standing critiques about its bureaucratic sluggishness. NASA operates ten major field centers nationwide, each vying for funding and projects. This cumbersome framework has been a contentious issue for years, with former NASA Administrator Mike Griffin striving to tackle the problem through his “Ten Healthy Centers” strategy.

Musk has consistently expressed his desire to infuse efficiency into the US government, making NASA a prime candidate for reform. Consolidating the number of field centers and optimizing operations could lead to substantial cost savings. However, any move to shut down NASA centers would likely encounter staunch resistance from Congress, especially from legislators in states like Ohio, which hosts the Glenn Research Center.

NASA has seen enhancements in efficiency through its collaborations with private companies like SpaceX. By procuring commercial services instead of developing in-house systems, NASA has managed to cut costs and boost capabilities. Yet, this approach has sparked worries about SpaceX’s market dominance. Other private firms have struggled to keep pace with SpaceX, and Congress might hesitate to further bolster Musk’s company at the expense of traditional NASA initiatives.

### The Artemis Initiative: Moon or Mars?

One of the most pressing questions before the new administration pertains to the future of NASA’s Artemis Program, which seeks to return humans to the Moon. Launched during Trump’s initial term, the program has encountered various obstacles, including delays and budget overruns. Critics, such as Michael Bloomberg, have described the $100 billion initiative as a “colossal waste.”

While an outright termination of Artemis appears improbable, given its foundation under Trump’s tenure, Musk’s ambition for Mars could reorient the program’s priorities. Musk has been a longstanding proponent of sending humans to Mars and has reportedly informed Trump that achieving this milestone could be viable by the end of his second term in 2028. This would represent a noteworthy shift away from the “Moon-then-Mars” strategy that has characterized NASA’s human spaceflight efforts for the last decade.

A potential casualty of this strategic pivot could be NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, a crucial element of the Artemis Program. Musk has publicly criticized the SLS, viewing it as emblematic of governmental inefficiency. The SLS is costly, entirely disposable, and significantly less capable compared to SpaceX’s Starship rocket. If Musk has his way, the SLS may be relegated in favor of Starship, fundamentally altering the framework of the Artemis Program.

### Regulatory Changes and Commercial Space

Another domain where Musk and Trump are likely to find common ground is regulatory reform. During Trump’s first term, the administration sought to curtail regulations governing US businesses, including those in

Voice Behind AOL’s Famous “You’ve Got Mail” Alert Dies at 74

**The Heritage of Elwood Edwards: The Voice Behind AOL’s Famous “You’ve Got Mail”**

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Internet was in its early stages, with the world just starting to discover the potential of online communication. One of the most notable sounds from that time was the joyful voice proclaiming, “You’ve got mail!”—a phrase that became emblematic of America Online (AOL) and the dawn of the Internet. The individual behind that voice, Elwood Edwards, passed away on Tuesday at 74, leaving a legacy that shaped an era of online culture.

### The Beginnings of a Cultural Sensation

Elwood Edwards’ path to becoming the voice of AOL commenced in 1989, when Steve Case, then CEO of Quantum Computer Services (which would eventually become AOL), aimed to make the company’s online experience more relatable. Case sought to infuse a warm, human feel into the service, and it was Karen Edwards, Elwood’s spouse and a customer service representative at the firm, who recommended her husband for the job.

Edwards, a seasoned broadcaster, recorded multiple phrases, such as “Welcome,” “You’ve got mail,” “File’s done,” and “Goodbye,” using a cassette recorder from his living room. For this work, he received a modest payment of $200—a small fraction for what turned into one of the most recognizable sounds of the early Internet era.

### AOL’s Ascension to Prominence

Throughout the 1990s, AOL emerged as one of the largest Internet service providers in the United States, and Edwards’ voice reached millions of users daily. The “You’ve got mail” announcement morphed into a symbol of the thrill and anticipation that accompanied new emails, particularly during a time when dial-up modems served as the portal to the online realm.

In those days, users would connect to AOL via local phone numbers, with the familiar sound of the modem handshake followed by Edwards’ friendly greeting. For many, this became a daily ritual marking the start of their online journey.

### A Lingering Cultural Influence

The phrase “You’ve got mail” soon surpassed its initial intent and evolved into a cultural reference point. It appeared in numerous news articles, parodies, and even inspired the 1998 romantic film *You’ve Got Mail*, featuring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan. Directed by Nora Ephron, the movie centered around the excitement of receiving an email, with Edwards’ voice playing a significant role in establishing the film’s atmosphere. The movie ultimately grossed $250 million globally, solidifying the phrase’s place in popular culture.

Apart from the film, Edwards’ voice became ingrained in the everyday lives of countless users. In 1995, Wired Magazine’s AOL forum even invited Edwards to record amusing sound bites, such as “You want fries with that” and “You’ve got credit card debt,” which still reside in the depths of the Internet Archive.

### Edwards’ Life Beyond AOL

Even though Edwards’ voice gained fame, his life remained relatively quiet. He worked behind the scenes at Cleveland’s WKYC Studios as a graphics expert, camera operator, and general production staff member from 2002 until his death. Despite his recognition, Edwards stayed humble, occasionally stepping into the limelight for special appearances.

In 2000, he made a cameo on *The Simpsons*, voicing a virtual doctor who announced, “You’ve got leprosy.” In 2015, he appeared on *The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon*, where he performed his signature greeting along with phrases suggested by the audience.

In his later years, Edwards became an Uber driver, where passengers were often astonished to learn that their driver was the voice behind one of the most recognizable phrases of the Internet era. Despite living a simple life, Edwards’ voice continued to greet users of AOL’s email service, preserving a link to the Internet’s early days.

### A Timeless Legacy

Elwood Edwards’ impact on the early Internet era is unforgettable. His voice became a symbol of the excitement and novelty of the online world during the 1990s and early 2000s. For millions of users, hearing “You’ve got mail” served as a daily reminder of the Internet’s possibilities—a realm where communication, information, and connections were merely a click away.

As the Internet progressed and AOL’s supremacy decreased, Edwards’ voice remained a nostalgic symbol of a simpler time in online history. His passing signifies the conclusion of an era, but his legacy will endure in the memories of those who lived through the early Internet days and in the cultural references that continue to resonate with his iconic phrase.

In a constantly evolving technological landscape, Elwood Edwards’ voice reminds us of the human touch that once characterized the online experience. His contribution may have begun with a $200 cassette recording, but it became a sound that defined

Meta Triumphs in Legal Battle Regarding Tool Enabling Facebook Users to Unfollow All Content

### Meta Confronts Legal Opposition Regarding User-Centric Facebook Tool: The “Unfollow Everything 2.0” Case

Meta, the parent organization of Facebook, has recently triumphed in a legal dispute—at least for the moment—against a lawsuit attempting to invoke Section 230 protections for a third-party tool aimed at enhancing user control over their Facebook journey. The tool, dubbed “Unfollow Everything 2.0,” allows users the flexibility to toggle their Facebook news feeds on and off at their discretion, potentially granting them greater authority over the material they encounter.

Ethan Zuckerman, a professor from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, initiated the lawsuit, expressing concern that Meta could take legal measures to hinder his tool, as it had previously threatened with a comparable tool produced by another developer. Zuckerman’s legal stance was rooted in a fresh interpretation of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which he argued should safeguard third-party tools that aim to empower users in managing their digital environments.

### The Lawsuit: A Struggle for User Empowerment

In his legal filing, Zuckerman asserted that Congress intended Section 230 to shield developers of tools that permit users to filter or block content they deem objectionable. He specifically referenced Section 230(c)(2)(B), which grants immunity to “a provider of software or enabling tools that filter, screen, allow, or disallow content that the provider or user considers obscene, lewd, lascivious, filthy, excessively violent, harassing, or otherwise objectionable.”

Zuckerman’s legal representatives, with backing from digital rights groups such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), the Center for Democracy and Technology, and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Northern California, contended that instruments like “Unfollow Everything 2.0” deserve protection under this clause. They argued that such tools enable users to curate their online interactions and steer clear of content they find harmful or undesirable.

Nonetheless, during a hearing on Thursday, Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley dismissed the lawsuit, agreeing to Meta’s motion to dismiss the case. Although the court did not address the Section 230 argument, it indicated that future consideration of the matter remains a possibility.

### The Court’s Ruling: A Short-Term Setback

While Zuckerman’s legal team expressed disappointment at the ruling, they acknowledged that the court’s decision does not completely close the case. Judge Corley dismissed the complaint without prejudice, suggesting that Zuckerman may revive the lawsuit or appeal the ruling. The court also noted that Zuckerman would need to actually develop and launch the tool before a legal ruling could be made on the pertinent issues.

One of Zuckerman’s attorneys, Ramya Krishnan, confirmed to *The New York Times* that the court believes the tool needs to be developed and launched prior to any further legal proceedings. This presents a considerable challenge for Zuckerman, given that Meta has previously threatened legal action against analogous tools.

### The Tool: “Unfollow Everything 2.0”

“Unfollow Everything 2.0” is crafted to furnish Facebook users with heightened control over their news feeds by enabling them to conveniently turn the feed on and off. This allows users to evade the inundation of unwanted content, advertisements, or algorithmically produced posts, thus fostering a more individualized and less intrusive Facebook experience.

This tool follows in the footsteps of a preceding project called “Unfollow Everything,” which was created by a different programmer and subsequently halted after Meta issued a legal threat. Zuckerman intends to revive this idea, albeit with the added legal reinforcement of Section 230 protections.

### Meta’s Defense: A “Groundless” Lawsuit?

Meta has consistently claimed that Zuckerman’s lawsuit is “groundless,” primarily because the tool has yet to be launched. According to Meta, there lacks a legal foundation for the lawsuit since no action has been initiated against an unreleased tool. However, Zuckerman’s legal team asserts that the impending threat of legal action from Meta generates a “chilling effect” on developers, dissuading them from creating tools that could enable social media users.

In July, Meta submitted a motion to dismiss the case, alleging that the lawsuit was premature and that Zuckerman’s assertions were speculative. Meta also highlighted that the automated aspect of Zuckerman’s tool could contravene Facebook’s terms of service, a contention Zuckerman refutes.

### The Future: Will the Tool Get Launched?

Regardless of the court’s decision, Zuckerman has indicated his intent to launch “Unfollow Everything 2.0” irrespective of the lawsuit’s outcome. In an interview with *Ars Technica* in May, Zuckerman expressed that he was “suing Facebook to improve it” and that he would proceed with the tool’s release even if he faced defeat in the legal struggle. Should Meta seek to block the tool following its launch, Zuckerman believes the ensuing legal contest would offer a

Apple’s Errors in the Apple Intelligence Rollout Do Not Diminish Its Robust Long-Term Strategy

# A Week with Apple Intelligence: Main Insights

Apple’s entry into the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has been highly awaited, and with the launch of iOS 18.1, the technology leader has finally revealed its initial set of “Apple Intelligence” features. After spending a week delving into these tools, it’s evident that although the potential is significant, the introduction has been somewhat hurried and inconsistent. Here’s an overview of what Apple Intelligence brings to the table, its strengths, and areas for improvement.

## What Is Apple Intelligence?

Apple Intelligence is Apple’s dedicated suite of AI-integrated tools, launched in iOS 18.1, with plans for further expansion in subsequent updates. These tools aim to improve user experience across a variety of applications and functions, ranging from writing aid to photo enhancement, and even crafting personalized emojis. While Apple has historically been cautious in embracing emerging technologies, the company is now venturing into the AI sector with a focus on user needs.

Yet, the staggered implementation of these features—some still labeled as beta—has resulted in mixed feelings. Some users are thrilled by the potential, whereas others believe that Apple has fallen behind in the AI race, particularly in comparison to rivals like Microsoft and Google.

## Key Features in iOS 18.1

The public version of iOS 18.1 introduces a host of AI-enabled features, many of which aim to simplify daily tasks. Here’s a concise summary:

### 1. **Writing Tools**
– **Proofreading**: Automatically fixes grammar and spelling mistakes.
– **Rewriting**: Provides rewriting suggestions in various styles—friendly, professional, or concise.
– **Summaries**: Capable of summarizing text in different layouts, like prose, bullet points, or tables.

### 2. **Text Summaries**
– Summarizes content from Mail messages or Safari pages, facilitating the understanding of lengthy emails or articles.

### 3. **Photos**
– **Clean Up**: Enables users to erase objects or individuals from images, akin to functionalities available in Photoshop.
– **Generate Memories**: Crafts video slideshows from pictures using natural language prompts.
– **Natural Language Search**: Enables searches for specific photos using everyday language, such as “photos from last summer.”

### 4. **Notifications**
– **Reduce Interruptions**: Filters notifications to only display those considered critical, minimizing distractions.
– **Type to Siri**: Permits users to input commands to Siri via typing rather than speaking.
– **More Conversational Siri**: Siri now replies in a more authentic, conversational manner.

## Features Coming in iOS 18.2

While iOS 18.1 lays a strong groundwork, iOS 18.2, which is currently in developer beta, is set to introduce even more sophisticated tools:

### 1. **Image Playground**
– A prompt-driven image creation app, similar to DALL-E or MidJourney, but with fewer stylistic choices and more safeguards against inappropriate content.

### 2. **Genmoji**
– Creates custom emojis based on text prompts, adding a playful, personalized element to messaging.

### 3. **Image Wand**
– A streamlined version of Image Playground, embedded within the Notes app for quick image generation.

### 4. **ChatGPT Integration in Siri**
– Siri will be able to direct users to ChatGPT for more complex inquiries, bridging Apple’s AI with OpenAI’s language model.

### 5. **Visual Intelligence**
– For iPhone 16 and iPhone 16 Pro users, a new Camera Control button will be introduced, capable of recognizing objects in the camera’s frame, providing features such as translation, location information, and more.

## A Staggered Rollout

Apple’s decision to launch Apple Intelligence incrementally marks a shift from its typical strategy of rolling out significant features all at once. While certain features are available now, others remain in development or beta, with some expected to arrive later in 2024. This gradual approach has caused some dissatisfaction among users, particularly those who anticipated a more refined experience right from the start.

The postponement of important features, paired with the fact that many existing tools are still in beta, indicates that Apple may have hurried to align with market demands. This is especially noticeable with the Writing Tools, which lacks complete functionality in third-party apps and is absent key elements that will not be included until iOS 18.2.

## The Challenges of Rushing AI

One of the primary critiques of Apple Intelligence thus far is that it seems underdeveloped in certain aspects. For example, the Writing Tools feature displays inconsistency across apps, with native apps allowing for more detailed editing controls than third-party applications. Furthermore, some functionalities, such as modifying Writing Tools suggestions through text prompts, are not present in iOS 18.

TSMC to Halt Manufacturing of 7nm Chips for Clients in China

# US Limitations on Semiconductor Technology and Their Consequences for China’s AI Goals

The global semiconductor sector is experiencing major transformations as tensions between the United States and China intensify. Central to this issue is the US government’s growing limitations on the export of sophisticated semiconductor technology to China, a move that is altering the dynamics of artificial intelligence (AI) development and chip production.

## Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and Its Involvement in the Dispute

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the largest contract chipmaker in the world, has emerged as a focal point in this geopolitical contention. TSMC is crucial to the international semiconductor supply chain, producing some of the most advanced chips utilized in AI, smartphones, and various high-tech gadgets. Historically, the company has been a significant supplier to both US and Chinese technology behemoths, but recent actions by the US government have compelled TSMC to reevaluate its partnerships with Chinese enterprises.

### TSMC Ceases Production of Advanced AI Chips for Chinese Entities

In a notable turn of events, TSMC has notified Chinese chip design firms that it will cease the production of their leading-edge AI chips, particularly those built on process nodes of 7 nanometers or smaller. This choice is a direct outcome of mounting pressure from the US government, which has implemented strict export restrictions intended to limit China’s access to state-of-the-art semiconductor technology.

Sources close to the situation indicate that TSMC’s decision will be effective as soon as next Monday. Future shipments of advanced AI chips to Chinese clients will be contingent upon an approval process that is likely to involve Washington. This maneuver is expected to significantly affect Chinese technology firms such as Alibaba and Baidu, which have made substantial investments in AI chip design and depend on TSMC for production.

### US Export Restrictions and Their Effect on China’s AI Sector

The US government has intensified its initiatives to restrict China’s access to advanced semiconductor technology, especially in AI. American firms like Nvidia have already been prohibited from exporting their most cutting-edge processors to China, and the US has established an extensive export control framework aimed at preventing chip manufacturers globally from supplying advanced AI processors to Chinese companies.

TSMC’s choice to stop producing advanced AI chips for Chinese customers is perceived as a proactive step to adhere to these US regulations. The company is also being scrutinized by the US Commerce Department, which is investigating how advanced chips made by TSMC for a Chinese customer ended up in a Huawei AI device. Huawei, a major Chinese technology corporation, faces numerous US sanctions and export restrictions.

### The Wider Implications for Chinese Tech Titans

TSMC’s suspension of advanced AI chip production could have extensive repercussions for Chinese tech leaders, especially those heavily invested in AI research and development. Companies such as Baidu, which has been advancing its Kunlun series of AI chips, might encounter significant challenges in their AI pursuits. Baidu’s Kunlun II processor, for instance, relies on TSMC’s 7-nanometer technology, and the company has been promoting these chips as integral to its AI cloud framework.

Other Chinese AI chip design startups, including Horizon Robotics and Black Sesame International Holding, may also face challenges due to TSMC’s updated restrictions. Both companies have reported that their latest generation of AI chips, intended for uses like autonomous vehicles, is being produced by TSMC at the 7-nanometer process.

### TSMC’s Strategic Stance in the Midst of US-China Tensions

TSMC’s compliance with US export restrictions is not merely about regulatory adherence; it also reflects a strategic decision to sustain its status as a reliable partner for US corporations and the US government. The company is eager to avoid being perceived as uncooperative or unreliable, especially as the US moves towards increasing domestic semiconductor manufacturing capabilities.

Former US President Donald Trump has been outspoken in his criticism of Taiwan’s dominance in the semiconductor sector, accusing the island of “robbing” the US chip industry. Trump has also proposed that TSMC should relocate its production back to the US after receiving significant subsidies for establishing fabrication plants in America. While TSMC’s recent choices are not explicitly aimed at satisfying Trump, they do highlight the company’s commitment to aligning with US priorities.

### The Outlook for AI Chip Manufacturing

The ongoing US-China technological conflict is poised to redefine the global semiconductor landscape in the years ahead. As the US continues to tighten its control over advanced semiconductor technology, Chinese companies might be driven to look for alternative suppliers or invest in building their own domestic chip manufacturing capabilities. Nevertheless, developing a semiconductor supply network from the ground up is a complicated and lengthy task, and China could struggle to keep pace with the technological advancements of companies like TSMC.

For TSMC, the short-term effects of its decision to cease AI chip production for Chinese firms are anticipated to be minimal regarding revenue. The company

Notepad.exe Gets AI Integration Through Ongoing Maintenance Updates

# Windows Insider Updates: Notepad with AI, Paint Features, and Prism x86 Emulator Enhancements

Microsoft is advancing its Windows ecosystem by integrating new functionalities that merge artificial intelligence (AI) with traditional applications, while also boosting performance for contemporary hardware. In the latest Windows Insider updates, Notepad and Paint benefit from significant AI-based enhancements, and the Prism x86 emulator for ARM Windows devices receives added CPU instruction support. Here’s an in-depth overview of the recent updates.

## AI-Enhanced Rewrite Feature in Notepad

Notepad, a classic and straightforward application within the Windows operating system, has gained renewed interest in recent times. Historically, it remained largely stagnant for many years, but with the launch of Windows 11, Microsoft has been progressively modernizing the app. Recent updates have introduced a visual overhaul, spellcheck, autocorrect, and even tabbed windows.

Now, Microsoft is ushering Notepad into the AI age with the launch of the **Rewrite** feature. This innovative tool, currently available in preview for Canary and Dev Windows Insiders, utilizes generative AI to assist users in modifying the tone, wording, and length of highlighted text. By selecting a sentence or paragraph, users can opt for one of three AI-generated rewrite choices or ask for additional suggestions.

The Rewrite feature operates on the same cloud-based AI framework that supports **Copilot**, Microsoft’s AI assistant. This means the processing occurs on Microsoft’s servers rather than on the user’s CPU, GPU, or NPU. To access this feature, users need to sign in with a Microsoft account. Initially, it is available to users in the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, and Germany.

For those who prefer not to engage with AI features or avoid signing in with a Microsoft account, there’s encouraging news. Microsoft has also refined Notepad’s performance, ensuring a **35-55% enhancement in launch times** for the majority of users.

## AI Features in Paint: Generative Fill and Erase

Alongside Notepad, Microsoft’s Paint app is also being upgraded with AI capabilities. Paint, another enduring application, has recently witnessed enhancements with several image-generation and editing tools. The most recent update brings **Generative Fill** and **Generative Erase** options.

– **Generative Fill** enables users to select a portion of an image and provide a text prompt to populate that area with AI-generated content. This feature is exclusive to **Copilot+ PCs** powered by **Snapdragon X Elite** processors, which are built to handle advanced AI functions.

– **Generative Erase** is accessible on any Windows 11 PC. This functionality allows users to remove items from an image and attempts to reconstruct the background of the erased object, making it a flexible instrument for image alteration.

These AI-driven tools elevate Paint closer to professional-quality image editing applications, enhancing its utility for both casual users and professionals.

## Prism x86 Emulator: Added CPU Instruction Support

On the technical front, Microsoft has made advancements in boosting performance for ARM-based Windows devices. The **Prism x86 emulator**, enabling x86 applications to run on ARM-powered Windows PCs, has undergone a substantial update in the latest **Windows Insider Canary channel build**.

This update adds support for newer x86 CPU instructions, essential for running demanding games and professional applications. Specifically, it introduces support for **AVX** and **AVX2** extensions, which are already available in Windows 11 24H2 for Adobe Premiere Pro. With this update, these extensions will be accessible across all applications, enhancing the performance of ARM-based devices for a wider variety of software.

However, support for **AVX512** extensions is still lacking, although this is less of an issue as even modern Intel processors have gradually phased out AVX512 support in recent years. Additionally, the new extensions are limited to fully 64-bit Intel applications, meaning that 32-bit applications or hybrid 64-bit apps using 32-bit components will not benefit from these enhancements.

## Conclusion

Microsoft’s latest Windows Insider updates illustrate its dedication to incorporating AI into everyday applications while enhancing performance for modern hardware. The introduction of the AI-driven Rewrite feature in Notepad, along with the generative fill and erase capabilities in Paint, adds significant functionality to these traditional apps, amplifying their versatility and power. Meanwhile, enhancements to the Prism x86 emulator ensure that ARM-based Windows devices can manage more demanding software, making them a suitable choice for both professionals and gamers.

As Microsoft continues to refine these features, it is evident that AI integration and hardware optimization will be pivotal in the future of Windows. Whether you are a casual or power user, these updates are set to improve your experience with Windows 11.

Australia Authorizes Rocket Launches; Russia Finishes Satellite Delivery for Iran

### The World’s First Wooden Satellite Arrives at the International Space Station

In a remarkable achievement for space exploration, the first-ever wooden satellite has successfully docked at the International Space Station (ISS). This pioneering satellite, known as **LignoSat**, was transported aboard a SpaceX Cargo Dragon spacecraft during a standard resupply mission. Weighing merely 2 pounds (900 grams), this compact yet significant advancement represents a step forward in the investigation of sustainable materials for space technology.

#### Why Wood?

The concept of utilizing wood in space may initially appear unconventional, given the harsh environments associated with space travel. Nevertheless, wood possesses several compelling attributes that position it as a viable option for future satellite designs. It is lightweight, fairly robust, and, crucially, biodegradable. With the escalating issue of space debris, incorporating biodegradable materials like wood could contribute to alleviating the challenge of space junk, which endangers both satellites and crewed missions.

LignoSat will undergo evaluation in the extreme conditions of space to ascertain how effectively wood can endure the vacuum, radiation, and temperature variances encountered in orbit. If successful, this could pave the way for more environmentally friendly satellite designs moving forward.

#### SpaceX’s Role in the Mission

The wooden satellite was transported to the ISS by SpaceX’s **Cargo Dragon** spacecraft, which successfully docked with the station on Tuesday morning. This operation was part of a larger resupply mission, delivering around 6,000 pounds (2,700 kilograms) of cargo and scientific investigations to the space station. Nonetheless, the LignoSat project stands out as a distinctive and progressive effort focused on examining sustainable materials in space.

Alongside delivering LignoSat, this mission also represented a notable achievement for SpaceX and NASA. For the first time, the Dragon spacecraft will be employed to modify the ISS’s orbit. As early as Friday, NASA and SpaceX plan to perform a “reboost and attitude control demonstration,” wherein the Dragon spacecraft will activate its thrusters to make a slight alteration to the ISS’s orbital path. This represents a critical advancement toward diminishing NASA’s dependence on Russia for space station propulsion, with Russia currently playing a key role in providing the necessary reboosts to sustain the ISS’s orbit.

### Gilmour Space Technologies: Australia’s First Orbital Rocket

In other thrilling space developments, **Gilmour Space Technologies**, an Australian aerospace firm, has received authorization to launch its **Eris** rocket, marking a crucial achievement for Australia’s space sector. The Eris rocket, measuring 82 feet tall (25 meters), is set to become the first entirely Australian launch vehicle to achieve orbit.

Established in 2012, Gilmour Space had initially aimed for a launch earlier this year but faced delays due to regulatory complexities. With the Australian Space Agency’s endorsement now obtained, the company is preparing for a possible launch in December. The Eris rocket has the capability to transport approximately 670 pounds (305 kilograms) of payload into a Sun-synchronous orbit, positioning it as a competitive entity in the small satellite launch arena.

The Eris rocket utilizes hybrid engines that combust a mix of solid fuel and liquid oxidizer, a distinctive propulsion mechanism among orbital-class rockets. This innovative strategy could establish Gilmour Space as a forerunner in the burgeoning small satellite launch industry.

### North Korea’s New Missile Test

On the geopolitical stage, **North Korea** has successfully conducted a test of its most formidable intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) to date, the **Hwasong-19**. The missile was launched on October 31, attaining an altitude of nearly 4,800 miles (7,700 kilometers) before descending back to Earth. With a theoretical range of up to 9,320 miles (15,000 kilometers), the Hwasong-19 has the potential to reach targets across the United States.

This missile launch occurs amid increasing cooperation between North Korea and Russia. Reports suggest that North Korea has dispatched approximately 10,000 troops to Russia to assist in its military efforts in Ukraine. In return, it is believed that Russia may be supplying North Korea with advanced technologies for its missile and satellite programs.

### Virgin Galactic’s Search for Funding

Meanwhile, **Virgin Galactic**, the space tourism entity founded by Richard Branson, is endeavoring to secure an additional $300 million in funding. This capital will be allocated to expedite the production of its next-generation **Delta-class spaceplanes** and a new mothership aircraft. Virgin Galactic has encountered financial difficulties in recent years, as its current spaceplane, **VSS Unity**, has struggled to generate profit despite a consistent schedule of suborbital flights.

The company is optimistic that its new Delta-class spaceplanes, designed for enhanced cost-effectiveness and easier maintenance, will facilitate long-term profitability. Virgin Galactic’s CEO, Michael Colglazier, revealed the fundraising initiative during a recent earnings report, stressing the necessity for additional funds to accelerate the development of upcoming vehicles.

Global Law Enforcement Initiative Takes Down 22,000 Malicious IP Addresses

# Operation Synergia II: A Worldwide Offensive Against Cybercrime

In a major setback for cybercriminals globally, a coalition of international law enforcement agencies, aided by prominent cybersecurity organizations, has effectively dismantled a large network of harmful servers and apprehended many individuals engaged in phishing, ransomware, and data theft operations. Known as **Operation Synergia II**, this joint initiative took place from April to August 2023 and led to the shutdown of over 1,000 servers and the detection of nearly 23,000 malicious IP addresses.

## The Reach of Operation Synergia II

Operation Synergia II was a joint initiative that encompassed several countries and included the collaboration of three leading private cybersecurity companies: **Group-IB**, **Kaspersky**, and **Team Cymru**. These firms supplied essential intelligence and telemetry data that enabled law enforcement to recognize and target harmful infrastructures. The operation culminated in the arrest of 41 individuals, with another 65 still under scrutiny, alongside the confiscation of multiple electronic devices, such as laptops, mobile phones, and hard drives.

### Major Accomplishments of the Operation:
– **1,037 servers** associated with cybercriminal activity were shut down.
– **22,000 IP addresses** were flagged as malicious, with 76% confirmed to be engaging in illegal acts.
– **59 servers** and **43 electronic devices** were seized for more in-depth investigation.
– **41 individuals** were taken into custody, and **65 others** are still under scrutiny.

## A Unified Response to a Universal Threat

The achievements of Operation Synergia II highlight the necessity of global collaboration in the fight against cybercrime. As cybercriminals advance and operate internationally, law enforcement must unite to dismantle these networks. Neal Jetton, Director of the Cybercrime Directorate at INTERPOL, reinforced this message, stating:

> “The worldwide character of cybercrime calls for a global approach, which is reflected in the support provided by member nations for Operation Synergia II. Together, we have not only dismantled harmful infrastructure but have also shielded hundreds of thousands of potential victims from becoming targets of cybercrime.”

### Notable Contributions from Involved Countries:
– **Hong Kong (China):** Authorities deactivated over 1,037 servers connected to illicit activities.
– **Mongolia:** Police executed 21 home searches, confiscated a server, and identified 93 individuals linked to illegal cyber activities.
– **Macau (China):** 291 servers were decommissioned.
– **Madagascar:** Officials identified 11 individuals associated with malicious servers and confiscated 11 electronic devices.
– **Estonia:** Police secured over 80GB of server data, which is currently undergoing analysis for links to phishing and banking malware.

## The Contribution of Private Cybersecurity Firms

The participation of **Group-IB**, **Kaspersky**, and **Team Cymru** was vital to the success of Operation Synergia II. These organizations granted law enforcement access to their extensive databases of telemetry intelligence, assisting in the identification and location of harmful servers. Their efforts included pinpointing **30,000 potentially harmful IP addresses**, with about **22,800** confirmed as being involved in cybercrime.

### The Escalating Threat of Cybercrime

INTERPOL has alerted that cybercrime is increasingly becoming more professional, with criminals employing more advanced tools and methods to execute their attacks. The emergence of **generative AI** has facilitated phishers in creating credible emails in various languages, while the market for logs extracted from **infostealers** has surged by 40% in 2023. Furthermore, ransomware incidents have risen by an average of **70% globally**, further emphasizing the necessity for unified international efforts to tackle these issues.

## The Path Forward for Cybercrime Prevention

Operation Synergia II is a prime example of the successes that can be achieved when law enforcement and private cybersecurity firms collaborate. However, the battle against cybercrime is far from finished. As cybercriminals continue to change and adapt, the strategies to counter them must evolve as well. INTERPOL and its affiliates are dedicated to staying ahead of these threats and ensuring the internet remains a secure space for all.

For additional details regarding the involvement of **Group-IB** and **Team Cymru**, you can read their official announcements [here](https://www.group-ib.com/media-center/press-releases/operation-synergia-2/) and