Tag: Source: Arstechnica.com

How Offenders Acquire Credentials to Access Stolen Mobile Devices

### Law Enforcement Closes Down iServer: A Phishing-as-a-Service Platform for Unlocking Stolen Phones

In a notable triumph against cybercriminal activities, a coalition of global law enforcement organizations has effectively dismantled a criminal service that enabled the unlocking of over 1.2 million stolen or lost mobile devices. This service, referred to as iServer, was part of a broader phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) model operating since 2018, mainly targeting mobile gadgets. This operation signifies an essential advancement in addressing the escalating concerns over mobile phone theft and the future resale of these devices.

#### The iServer Operation: A Phishing-as-a-Service Framework

iServer, situated in Argentina, provided an extensive array of phishing services, including email, text, and voice-focused attacks. Among its notable offerings was a specialized service aimed at assisting criminals in unlocking stolen or lost mobile phones by circumventing security mechanisms like Apple’s **Lost Mode**. This feature, integrated into iPhones, stops unauthorized access without the owner’s passcode. iServer’s platform enabled criminals to conduct phishing attacks to acquire the needed credentials to disable this security, rendering the stolen devices operable again.

As reported by **Europol’s European Cybercrime Center**, the operation led to the apprehension of the Argentinian individual behind iServer and the revelation of over 2,000 “unlockers” who utilized the platform. These unlockers were responsible for phishing the rightful owners of the stolen devices to gather the credentials mandatory for unlocking the phones. Investigators also uncovered 483,000 victims who received phishing communications aimed at obtaining their mobile credentials.

#### How iServer Functioned: Assisting Low-Skilled Criminals

The iServer platform was crafted to be accessible, enabling even low-skilled criminals to engage in the unlawful unlocking of mobile phones. According to **Group-IB**, the cybersecurity firm that initially identified the operation, iServer offered a web-based interface that automated the generation and distribution of phishing pages. These pages replicated genuine cloud-centric mobile platforms, such as iCloud, to deceive victims into submitting their credentials.

The process was simple:

1. **Unlockers**—criminals with expertise in unblocking stolen phones—would collect basic details about the device, including its **IMEI number**, language preferences, and owner information. This data was frequently acquired via the phone’s Lost Mode or cloud-based platforms.

2. The unlockers would use phishing domains supplied by iServer or develop their own to initiate a phishing campaign. They would select an attack scenario, and iServer would produce a phishing page that resembled a legitimate cloud service login page.

3. The phishing page would be forwarded to the victim via SMS, misleading them into entering their credentials.

4. Upon the victim submitting their credentials, the unlocker would receive the information through iServer’s web interface. They could then use these credentials to unlock the device, deactivate Lost Mode, and unlink the phone from the owner’s account.

This procedure allowed criminals to market the stolen phones as if they were brand new, greatly enhancing their value on the black market.

#### The Extent of the Operation

The extent of iServer’s operation was colossal. During its five years in operation, the platform unlocked over **1.2 million mobile phones**. The service attracted a broad spectrum of criminals, from petty thieves to organized crime groups handling substantial quantities of stolen devices. The platform’s user-friendly nature and automation made it available to individuals with minimal technical expertise, compounding the mobile phone theft dilemma.

#### The Takedown: A Joint International Initiative

The takedown of iServer was a result of a synchronized international operation conducted between **September 10 and 17, 2024**, spanning several countries, including **Spain, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru**. Authorities in these regions had been probing into iServer since 2022, following an alert from Group-IB.

Throughout the operation, law enforcement captured the architect behind iServer and confiscated the **iserver.com** domain, thereby effectively shutting down the platform. Images of the website before and after the operation reveal a stark contrast: once a lively center for illicit activity, the site now displays a law enforcement seizure notice.

#### The Aftermath: A Setback for Mobile Phone Theft

The dismantling of iServer represents a substantial setback for the global trade in stolen mobile phones. By neutralizing a platform that streamlined the process for criminals to unlock and resell stolen devices, law enforcement has disrupted a vital segment of the supply chain for stolen phones. Nonetheless, the issue remains unresolved. Mobile phone theft continues to be a profitable enterprise, and new platforms may emerge to replace the void created by iServer.

#### How to Safeguard Against Phishing Attacks

While the closure of iServer is a positive step forward,

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“Measures to Stop LinkedIn from Utilizing Your Data for AI Model Training”

# LinkedIn’s AI Data Collection: Essential Information and How to Opt Out

In a recent announcement, LinkedIn has acknowledged that it utilizes user data to train its artificial intelligence (AI) models without obtaining prior consent from its members. This disclosure has raised alarms regarding privacy and data handling on the platform, particularly since LinkedIn has restricted users’ ability to opt out of this data collection solely for future AI training. Here’s what you should understand about LinkedIn’s AI data practices, the associated privacy risks, and how to manage your data.

## LinkedIn’s AI Training and User Data

Effective November 20, 2024, LinkedIn will modify its user agreement and privacy policy to better explain how it leverages personal data for AI development on the platform. As stated by Blake Lawit, LinkedIn’s general counsel, the platform will now directly inform users that their personal information might be utilized for developing and training AI models. This data gathering happens whenever users engage with LinkedIn’s AI functionalities, such as writing posts, altering settings, or using the platform for any duration.

LinkedIn’s revised [privacy policy](https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy) indicates that user data may be employed to “develop and train artificial intelligence (AI) models, create, supply, and customize our Services, and gain insights facilitated by AI, automated systems, and inferences, ensuring that our Services are more pertinent and beneficial to you and others.”

Nevertheless, LinkedIn’s AI models are not exclusively trained by the company itself. Some models come from external partners, including Microsoft, which provides AI models through its Azure OpenAI service. This situation raises concerns about how user data is shared and processed among various entities.

### Privacy Risks

A central issue stemming from LinkedIn’s latest AI data protocols is the risk of personal data exposure. Per LinkedIn’s [FAQ](https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/answer/a5538339?hcppcid=search), users who input personal data into generative AI features could find that same data being outputted in unexpected ways. This scenario could result in sensitive information being unintentionally shared or utilized in manners not intended by users.

LinkedIn asserts that it employs “privacy-enhancing technologies” to minimize personal data within the datasets used for AI model training. However, the company has not clarified whether data already gathered can be removed from AI training datasets, leaving users with limited options regarding past data collection.

### Opting Out of AI Training

Although LinkedIn has automatically enrolled users in sharing their data for AI training, it does provide an option to opt out of future data collection. However, this opt-out pertains only to upcoming AI training and does not apply to data that has been previously collected and utilized.

To opt out of AI training on LinkedIn:

1. Access your account settings.
2. Go to the “Data privacy” section.
3. Disable the option permitting the collection of “data for generative AI improvement.”

This setting is turned on by default for most users, making it crucial to manually deactivate it if you prefer your data to remain unutilized for AI training.

### Exceptions for European Users

Users within the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland are safeguarded by more stringent privacy regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). These regulations mandate that platforms acquire explicit consent prior to personal data collection or justify the data collection as a legitimate interest. Consequently, users in these areas were never automatically included in AI data collection and will not find an option to opt out.

Additionally, users can contest the use of their personal data for training AI models that do not generate LinkedIn content—like models used for personalization or content moderation—by filling out the [LinkedIn Data Processing Objection Form](https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/ask/TS-DPRO).

## LinkedIn’s AI Principles and User Responsibilities

In light of rising concerns regarding AI, LinkedIn has earlier shared its [AI principles](https://www.linkedin.com/blog/member/trust-and-safety/responsible-ai-principles), vowing to take “significant measures to mitigate the potential risks of AI.” Nonetheless, the platform also holds users accountable for not disseminating misleading or harmful AI-generated content.

LinkedIn’s updated

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Microsoft Unveils “Windows App” for Executing Windows Applications

# Microsoft Unveils the New “Windows App” for Cross-Platform Remote Connectivity

Microsoft has made an official announcement regarding the launch of a new application known as **Windows App**, aimed at delivering a cohesive experience for users seeking access to Windows environments across various platforms. This innovative app is set to supersede the current Microsoft Remote Desktop app on the majority of platforms and comes with improved features for both end users and IT administrators. The Windows App is now accessible for **Windows, macOS, iOS/iPadOS, web browsers**, and is in **public preview for Android**.

## A Cohesive Experience Across Platforms

The **Windows App** is crafted to streamline the procedure of accessing Windows environments, whether they are based on a local machine, hosted in the cloud, or provided through remote services. In the past, users depended on the **Microsoft Remote Desktop** app to link to remote Windows PCs or servers. Nonetheless, the new Windows App enhances this capability by consolidating access to **Windows 365**, **Microsoft Dev Box**, **Azure Virtual Desktop**, and other Microsoft offerings.

### Main Features of the Windows App

1. **Cross-Platform Compatibility**: The Windows App is accessible on an extensive array of platforms, including Windows, macOS, iOS/iPadOS, web browsers, and Android (in public preview). This facilitates users in accessing Windows environments from nearly any device, whether it be a desktop, laptop, tablet, or smartphone.

2. **Consolidated Access**: The app offers a singular interface for accessing various Windows services, including:
– **Windows 365**: Microsoft’s cloud-driven Windows service allowing users to stream a full Windows desktop from the cloud.
– **Azure Virtual Desktop**: A virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) service enabling users to run Windows desktops and applications in the cloud.
– **Microsoft Dev Box**: A cloud-based environment for developers to create, test, and deploy applications.
– **Remote Desktop**: For establishing a connection to a Windows PC or server employing Remote Desktop services.
– **Remote Desktop Services**: For accessing individual applications provisioned by work or educational institutions.

3. **Improved Device Administration**: The Windows App encompasses advanced device management tools for IT administrators, simplifying the processes of device management and security across an organization. This is especially beneficial for companies that need to oversee numerous devices and users remotely.

4. **Account Switching**: The app provides a seamless account switching feature, enabling users to effortlessly toggle between different accounts, such as personal and work accounts, without the requirement to log out and log back in.

5. **Assistance for Frontline Workers**: The Windows App includes provisions for **Windows 365 Frontline**, a specialized version of Windows 365 tailored for frontline workers who may not require a full-time Windows environment but still need access to specific applications and services.

6. **Relayed RDP Shortpath**: The app features support for **Relayed RDP Shortpath**, a function allowing Remote Desktop connections to operate on networks that would generally obstruct such connections. This is especially advantageous for users needing to access remote desktops from restricted networks, like public Wi-Fi.

## Transitioning from Remote Desktop to Windows App

On **macOS, iOS, and Android**, the Windows App will entirely replace the current **Remote Desktop Connection** app. If users have Remote Desktop already installed, it will be automatically updated to the Windows App. Conversely, on **Windows**, the Remote Desktop Connection app will still be available for users who prefer it, while the Windows App will be used for accessing Microsoft’s cloud and remote services.

A notable distinction on Windows is that the Windows App requires users to sign in with a Microsoft account or an organizational account, while on other platforms, the app can be utilized without a user account for certain services.

## Familiar Features Enhanced

For users familiar with the Remote Desktop Connection app, the Windows App maintains many of the original features, such as:

– **Multiple Monitor Support**: Users can connect to remote desktops and utilize multiple monitors, just as they would on a local machine.
– **Device Redirection**: The app supports device redirection for peripherals like webcams, audio input/output devices, and printers, enabling users to engage with remote desktops as though they were local.
– **Dynamic Resolution Support**: The Windows desktop will automatically adjust to fit the app window, easing the transition between different screen sizes and resolutions.

## A Progressive Step for IT Administrators

For IT administrators, the Windows App presents enhanced tools for managing devices and users. The app’s unified interface simplifies the provisioning and management of remote desktops and applications, particularly in settings where users need to access multiple services, such as Windows 365 and Azure Virtual Desktop.

Moreover, the app’s support for **Relayed RDP Shortpath** ensures administrators can guarantee dependable Remote Desktop connections, even on networks that would typically restrict such traffic. This is especially valuable for organizations with remote workers who may need to connect from public or limited networks.

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Creator of Faux Kamala Harris Clip Backed by Musk Files Suit Against California’s Deepfake Laws.

**California’s Restrictions on AI-Created Deepfakes Triggers Legal Dispute Over Free Expression**

In a swiftly changing digital environment, the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), political dialogue, and free expression is emerging as a divisive issue. Recently, California enacted two laws designed to limit the proliferation of AI-generated deepfakes in political contexts, prompting a legal challenge from notable conservative figure Christopher Kohls, famously known as “Mr. Reagan” on YouTube and X (formerly Twitter). Kohls asserts that these regulations violate Americans’ First Amendment rights, especially the rights to satire and parody.

### The Controversial Legislation

At the heart of this legal battle are **AB 2655**, referred to as the “Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act,” and **AB 2839**, named “Elections: deceptive media in advertisements.” Both pieces of legislation were enacted on September 17, 2024, by California Governor Gavin Newsom. Their purpose is to obstruct the circulation of AI-generated material that could mislead voters or damage the reputations of political figures during election cycles.

– **AB 2655** forbids the production of “materially deceptive audio or visual media” of political figures that is made with “actual malice” and intent to mislead voters or tarnish a candidate’s reputation within 60 days prior to an election. Additionally, it obligates social media platforms to take down or label such content upon reporting.

– **AB 2839** further tightens restrictions by prohibiting the distribution of election-related advertisements or communications with “materially deceptive content” within 120 days of an election. The law also stipulates that certain disclaimers must be prominently presented on AI-generated content to alert viewers of its inauthentic nature.

### The Legal Action

Kohls, recognized for his satirical political videos, initiated a lawsuit on the same day the laws were enacted, contending that they are unconstitutional. His argument posits that the laws infringe on the First Amendment by limiting political satire and parody, long-established forms of protected speech in the United States.

The lawsuit was initiated following a specific incident involving a parody video Kohls produced, which manipulated AI to suggest that Vice President Kamala Harris was delivering a speech in which she humorously referred to herself as a “diversity hire” and labeled her critics as “sexist and racist.” While Kohls explicitly marked the video as “parody” on his YouTube and X posts, this disclaimer was not transferred when Elon Musk, the owner of X, shared the video on his platform. Musk’s post, which attracted over 136 million views, lacked the parody indication, resulting in widespread criticism, including from Governor Newsom.

### Elon Musk’s Involvement

Elon Musk’s role in the situation has introduced additional complexity to the discussion. By disseminating Kohls’ video without the parody designation, Musk unintentionally enhanced the visibility of the AI-generated content, which some viewers might have construed as authentic. This action provoked backlash from Governor Newsom, who committed to making such material illegal, intensifying the urgency for the implementation of AB 2655 and AB 2839.

Musk, known for his irreverent online persona, reacted to Newsom’s condemnation with a sarcastic tweet, alluding to a fictional “Professor Suggon Deeznutz” to ridicule the governor’s position. Kohls responded by releasing another parody video aimed at Harris, accusing Newsom of being a “bully.”

### The Constraints of the Satire Exception

A significant point of debate in Kohls’ lawsuit is the constriction of the satire exception in the final drafts of the laws. At first, the bills included a wide-ranging exception for satire and parody, but this was allegedly revised to a more restrictive “safe harbor” provision. Kohls contends that this modification will have a stifling effect on political comedians like himself, who depend on satire to critique public figures.

Under AB 2839, for instance, any AI-generated video categorized as “materially deceptive” is required to display a disclaimer for the entire video duration. This disclaimer must be in a font size no smaller than the largest font featured in the video, which Kohls argues would hinder the production of content tailored for mobile viewing. He also claims that such disclaimers would detract from the comedic impact of his videos by distracting viewers from the intended humor.

Kohls compared the scenario to watching *Saturday Night Live* with disclaimers all over the screen, fundamentally changing the essence of the satire.

### The Wider Implications for Free Expression

Kohls’ lawsuit prompts crucial inquiries regarding the equilibrium between combatting disinformation and safeguarding free expression. While the laws aim to thwart the spread of harmful deepfakes that might sway election results, detractors contend that they are excessively broad and ambiguous, potentially leading to the suppression of genuine political discourse.

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“Florida Gang Compels Retiree to Disclose Crypto Password in Real-Life Parody of xkcd Comic”

### The Surge of Violent Crypto Robberies: A Warning Story

In a time when digital assets such as cryptocurrency are increasingly gaining acceptance, the tactics employed by criminals to pilfer them are alarmingly changing. While hacking and cybercrime have traditionally been the favored methods for appropriating digital currencies, an unsettling pattern has surfaced: violent home invasions aimed at crypto investors. This article examines a specific incident involving a band of criminals, spearheaded by Remy Ra St. Felix, who resorted to brutal violence to seize cryptocurrency from unsuspecting individuals.

#### The Plan: A Lengthy Journey for a Lucrative Theft

On April 11, 2023, Remy Ra St. Felix, a 25-year-old from southern Florida, found himself in Durham, North Carolina, following an 11-hour trek along I-95. His objective? To rob an elderly couple, aged 76, of their cryptocurrency. St. Felix had previously attempted similar crimes in Florida, but those efforts had proven messy and fruitless. In one case, a home invasion in Homestead, Florida, resulted in the victim possessing significantly less cryptocurrency than expected. Instead of retreating, St. Felix and his gang kidnapped the victim, assaulted him, and demanded a cryptocurrency ransom.

Following that failed attempt, St. Felix and his gang decided to broaden their criminal activities across state borders. They successfully executed a robbery in Little Elm, Texas, netting $150,000 and two Rolex watches. Yet, they were after a more substantial target—a prominent crypto investor residing in Durham. After breaching the homeowner’s email account, they confirmed the substantial amount of cryptocurrency owned by the target.

#### The Heist: Transitioning from Deceit to Brutality

On the morning of April 12, 2023, St. Felix and his accomplice, Elmer Castro, arrived at the Durham residence posing as construction workers. Adorned in reflective vests, sunglasses, and khaki trousers, they knocked on the door, concocting a story about needing to check the plumbing. After a cursory tour around the property, they returned, this time donning ski masks and wielding firearms.

The couple was taken by surprise. The intruders zip-tied both husband and wife, dragging the woman to the bathroom while threatening the husband with severe violence. St. Felix demanded access to the husband’s cryptocurrency accounts, threatening to mutilate him if he refused. Under intense pressure, the husband logged into his Coinbase account, while St. Felix set up remote control software, AnyDesk, on the home computer.

The actual theft was executed remotely by the mastermind of the scheme, Jarod Seemungal, a 23-year-old from West Palm Beach, Florida. Seemungal, who had previous experience in SIM-swapping attacks for stealing cryptocurrency, took control of the computer to begin transferring assets from the victim’s Coinbase account. In the ensuing minutes, Seemungal converted various cryptocurrencies into Bitcoin and Ether, successfully transferring $156,853 before Coinbase halted a fourth transaction.

#### The Transformation of Crypto Crime: From SIM-Swapping to Home Invasions

The episode involving St. Felix and his associates underscores a concerning evolution in the realm of cryptocurrency theft. Initially, criminals like Seemungal relied primarily on SIM-swapping to access victims’ phone numbers, intercept authentication codes, and drain their crypto portfolios. This strategy, although effective, was comparatively passive and posed minimal physical danger.

However, by 2022, the gang had transitioned to a more aggressive tactic—invading the homes of affluent crypto possessors. The reasoning for this change remains uncertain, but it seems the perpetrators believed that physical threats would result in faster and larger gains. St. Felix was brought on to lead the home invasion team, while Seemungal and other international accomplices managed the digital facets of the heist.

Through their SIM-swapping and home invasions, the group managed to steal over $3.5 million from a variety of victims.

#### The Consequences: A Path of Digital and Physical Clues

Despite their achievements in cryptocurrency theft, St. Felix and his crew committed several significant blunders that eventually led to their capture. For instance, both St. Felix and Castro opened their own Coinbase accounts on the day of the Durham heist using government identification. Each received $22,267.65 for their involvement in the robbery, with the remaining $112,000 divided among the ringleaders.

Moreover, the gang underestimated the complexities of digital security. While they attempted to launder the stolen cryptocurrency through privacy-focused coins and decentralized finance platforms, federal authorities managed to trace the movement of funds. Cell phone records also proved vital in the investigation, as the perpetrators had brought their devices along during the crime.

Within a few months, most of the crew had been captured. St. Felix was apprehended in

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Fitbit Users Encounter Persistent App Problems and Glitches for Numerous Months

# Fitbit Syncing Challenges: An Escalating Worry for Users

Fitbit, formerly a leader in the fitness monitoring space, is now under mounting pressure from its users due to ongoing synchronization and data accuracy concerns within its iOS and Android applications. Since Google’s acquisition of Fitbit in 2021, the platform has seen substantial modifications, but the recent complications with the apps have left many users feeling exasperated and pondering the future of the Fitbit name.

## Synchronization Issues: A Persistent Challenge

From at least April 2024, users have been voicing concerns regarding Fitbit’s apps, especially related to syncing and inaccuracies in data. These challenges have lingered for several months, with some users reporting that their steps, distance, and other fitness metrics are not being reliably tracked or shown.

On September 3, 2024, Fitbit’s **Status Dashboard** recognized a disruption in service linked to the web API, affecting data synchronization between third-party applications and Fitbit gadgets. The dashboard indicated that “some users may encounter data inconsistencies or synchronization problems,” and that the team is looking into the underlying cause. However, a specific timeline for resolution has yet to be disclosed.

Additionally, Fitbit launched version 4.24 of its mobile applications on the same date, though it remains uncertain if this update addresses the ongoing issues. Some users had already encountered problems prior to this release, indicating that the underlying issues may be more intricate.

## User Feedback: A Rising Outcry

Fitbit’s support forums have turned into a platform for users to express their dissatisfaction. Numerous threads, some extending over several pages, spotlight a range of concerns, such as:

– **Steps not syncing properly**: Users have indicated that the app’s dashboard is either erasing steps or failing to synchronize them accurately.
– **Distance inconsistencies**: Some users assert that while their steps are being noted, the distance traveled is recorded as zero.
– **Incorrect data**: Numerous complaints have emerged regarding the app displaying inaccurate fitness data, including calorie counts and exercise statistics.
– **Exercise tiles failing to load**: Users have also reported issues where certain app functionalities, like the “Exercise days” tile, do not load properly.

A particularly remarkable complaint arose from a user involved in an 11-page thread that started in April. They mentioned that the app was inaccurately showing nearly identical step totals for consecutive days, despite their activity levels fluctuating widely. A Fitbit moderator acknowledged the problem in September, stating the team was tackling the issue but could not specify a timeline for resolution.

## Frustration Escalates

As the challenges continue, user dissatisfaction has surged. Many longtime Fitbit users have voiced their discontent not only concerning the synchronization problems but also regarding the overall trajectory the platform has taken since Google’s takeover.

One user, **MonkeyPants**, labeled the situation as “insanely annoying,” particularly for those utilizing older models like the Fitbit One. Another user, **DustyStone**, criticized Google’s management of the app, contending that “Google just somehow messed up the app” and expressing disappointment over the absence of progress in remedying the issues.

The elimination of Fitbit’s online dashboard and social features has only intensified the frustration. Many users, especially those who have been loyal to Fitbit for years, feel the platform is being overlooked in favor of Google’s Pixel Watch lineup. Some have even claimed that Google is deliberately diminishing support for Fitbit devices to steer users toward its newer products.

## Some Advancements, But Are They Sufficient?

While the synchronization issues have persisted for months, there are indications that Fitbit is making headway in resolving the matters. For instance, users have mentioned that the issue with the “Exercise days” tile not loading has been addressed. Moreover, a bug causing the app to showcase calorie counts for future dates seems to have been corrected.

However, these solutions have done little to ease the wider concerns regarding the platform’s dependability. For many users, the harm has already been inflicted. The combination of malfunctioning features, sluggish response rates, and the removal of cherished functions like the online dashboard has left a bitter aftertaste among long-term Fitbit enthusiasts.

## The Larger Perspective: Fitbit’s Future under Google

Following Google’s acquisition of Fitbit, the platform has seen major modifications, many of which have not been well received by users. Beyond the synchronization problems, Google has also removed numerous features that were once integral to the Fitbit experience, including:

– **The online dashboard**: Previously an essential feature for users who preferred tracking their fitness data on a computer, the dashboard was discontinued in 2024.
– **Social connectivity features**: In March 2023, Google eliminated most of Fitbit’s social functionalities, which enabled users to connect with friends, participate in challenges, and share their progress.
– **Computer synchronization**: In August 2022, Fitbit devices lost the capability to sync with computers, further constraining the ways users could engage with their data.

These modifications, coupled with

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FDA Announces Homeopathic Firm’s Denial to Recollect Potentially Hazardous Nasal Spray

### FDA Issues Warning Over Contaminated Homeopathic Nasal Spray: A Concerning Blend of Pseudoscience and Microbial Hazards

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has delivered a serious alert to consumers about the use of *SnoreStop* nasal spray, a homeopathic item created by Green Pharmaceuticals. Marketed as a solution for snoring and even suggested for children aged five and up, the spray has been discovered to harbor hazardous microbial contamination. In spite of the FDA’s persistent requests for a recall, Green Pharmaceuticals has declined to withdraw the product from shelves, prompting significant worries regarding public safety.

#### Ongoing Microbial Contamination Concerns

During an April 2024 FDA inspection, it was determined that a batch of *SnoreStop* nasal spray was heavily tainted with harmful microbes. When inhaled through the nasal passages, these contaminants can result in severe, potentially life-threatening infections, especially for those with weakened immune systems and young children. Despite these alarming findings, Green Pharmaceuticals repackaged some of the contaminated products and continued to distribute them, both as individual bottles and within starter kits.

Although the company eventually disposed of the rest of the compromised batch and ceased online sales of the nasal spray, it has not opted to recall the possibly hazardous items already in circulation. The FDA has reiterated its recall recommendation on several occasions, yet as of September 2024, Green Pharmaceuticals remains unresponsive. The FDA’s message is clear: consumers should cease using *SnoreStop* nasal spray immediately due to the risk of serious infections.

#### A Worrying Track Record of Contamination

This situation is not Green Pharmaceuticals’ first encounter with microbial contamination. In 2022, the firm had to recall *SnoreStop* nasal spray after the FDA identified elevated levels of bacteria and fungi in the product. The contamination was severe, with certain samples displaying up to 6,200 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter for total aerobic microbial count and as much as 3,800 CFU/mL for yeast and mold. These figures greatly surpass permissible safety thresholds, particularly for a product meant for direct nasal application.

Among the detected contaminants was *Providencia rettgeri*, a bacterial pathogen frequently linked to healthcare environments. This opportunistic bacteria can trigger various infections, such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and even central nervous system infections in at-risk populations. The FDA’s warning letter from 2022 emphasized the heightened dangers posed by the contaminated product, especially for children and individuals with weakened immune systems.

#### The Pseudoscience of Homeopathy

While the microbial issue is critical, it is essential to recognize that *SnoreStop* is a homeopathic product, resting on pseudoscientific foundations. Homeopathy adheres to two primary principles: “like cures like” and the “law of infinitesimals.” The first principle posits that substances inducing symptoms similar to a disease can remedy that disease. The second asserts that diluting these substances enhances their efficacy, even to the extent where no remnants of the original substance exist.

In the case of *SnoreStop*, the formulation features extreme dilutions of components like:

– **Nux vomica** (a natural strychnine source)
– **Belladonna** (deadly nightshade)
– **Ephedra vulgaris** (source of ephedrine)
– **Hydrastis canadensis** (a toxic herb)
– **Kali Bichromicum** (potassium dichromate, a known carcinogen)
– **Teucrium marum** (catnip-like)
– **Histaminum hydrochloricum** (histamine dihydrochloride)

Though these ingredients are diluted to the point where they are unlikely to cause immediate harm, the belief that such dilutions can effectively treat ailments lacks scientific support. Many homeopathic products are so diluted that they contain no active ingredients, making them ineffective at best.

#### The Hazards of Inadequate Homeopathy Manufacturing

While most homeopathic products pose no threat due to their extreme dilutions, they can become perilous when manufacturers do not follow proper dilution guidelines. In 2016, improperly diluted belladonna in homeopathic teething remedies resulted in the deaths of 10 infants and the poisoning of over 400 others. This tragic event highlights the inherent risks associated with homeopathic products when they are not produced accurately.

For *SnoreStop*, the microbial issue compounds the danger. The significant presence of bacteria and fungi in the product, along with its direct usage in the nasal passages, renders it a possible conduit for severe infections. The FDA has made it clear that *SnoreStop* is not only ineffective but also risky, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children and those with compromised immune systems.

#### The Regulatory Hurdle

One of the significant challenges

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GTA Online’s Newest Anti-Cheat Patch Makes Game Unplayable for Steam Deck Players

# BattlEye and GTA V: The Steam Deck Dilemma

Recently, Rockstar Games launched **BattlEye** anti-cheat functionality for *Grand Theft Auto V* (GTA V), designed to enhance the security of the game’s immensely popular multiplayer feature, *GTA Online*. While this update was embraced by many players fed up with cheating issues, it has unintentionally created complications for a particular segment of gamers: **Steam Deck** users. These individuals, who had been playing *GTA Online* on their portable Linux-based gaming console, now face restrictions accessing the online mode because of BattlEye incompatibility.

## The Steam Deck and BattlEye: A Quick Overview

The Steam Deck, designed by Valve, operates on a Linux-based OS known as **SteamOS**, utilizing a compatibility layer called **Proton** to run games intended for Windows. Since its release in early 2022, the Steam Deck has attracted a large user community due to its capability to run a wide selection of PC games while on the move. Various popular titles, including *GTA V*, have worked flawlessly on the Steam Deck, allowing gamers to enjoy both the single-player campaign and the online multiplayer experience.

Nevertheless, the addition of BattlEye anti-cheat software has disrupted this harmony. BattlEye is a commonly utilized anti-cheat solution within numerous multiplayer games, such as *ARK: Survival Evolved*, *DayZ*, and *Arma 3*. Though it effectively curbs cheating, its implementation on the Steam Deck has become a controversial subject for several developers.

### Why BattlEye Is Nonfunctional on Steam Deck (For Now)

In both a [Steam Community announcement](https://steamcommunity.com/games/271590/announcements/detail/6356356787200715685?snr=2___) and a [Rockstar Support FAQ](https://support.rockstargames.com/articles/33490543992467/Grand-Theft-Auto-Online-BattlEye-FAQ), Rockstar acknowledged that *GTA Online* is currently **unsupported** on the Steam Deck. The underlying issue? The game’s anti-cheat framework, BattlEye, isn’t set up to function with the Linux-based architecture of the Steam Deck.

This technical challenge isn’t new. Back in late 2021, Valve announced that BattlEye’s integration with Proton (and, consequently, the Steam Deck) had progressed to a point where developers could implement support with ease. Valve stated that all developers need to do is send a straightforward email to BattlEye to enable compatibility. Numerous games, like *ARK: Survival Evolved* and *DayZ*, have already leveraged this and now support both BattlEye and Steam Deck integration.

However, despite this relatively simple solution, numerous other BattlEye-secured games, such as *Destiny 2*, *The Crew 2*, and *Riders Republic*, have yet to activate Steam Deck support. Regrettably for Steam Deck enthusiasts, *GTA V* has now been added to that list.

## The Repercussions for Steam Deck Users

The abrupt loss of access to *GTA Online* on the Steam Deck has left many players significantly disappointed. *GTA V* has repeatedly been one of the most favored titles on the Steam Deck, boasting a vibrant online community. For years, users could smoothly transition between the single-player story and the online multiplayer modes on their handheld devices.

Currently, with BattlEye in place, Steam Deck players can still engage in the single-player *GTA V* narrative, but encounter an error message when trying to log into *GTA Online*. This effectively renders the multiplayer aspect of the game unplayable for a considerable portion of the player base, many of whom may lack a conventional gaming PC or console.

## A Potential Solution Ahead?

On a positive note, there may be prospects for Steam Deck players. In a

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A Comprehensive Resource for Grasping Fundamental Mathematical Ideas for Novices

**Mathematics for Literature Lovers: A Person-Centric Perspective on the Global Language**

Galileo famously referred to the cosmos as a grand tome “composed in the language of mathematics, with characters like triangles, circles, and other geometric shapes.” Sadly, for many who dwell outside the spheres of mathematics and science, this language remains enigmatic, often due to the daunting aspect of mathematical notation and symbols. Enter Ben Orlin, a mathematics educator and author recognized for his witty and laid-back approach to the subject. His newest work, *Mathematics for Literature Lovers: A Person-Centric Perspective on the Global Language*, seeks to connect mathematics and the humanities by unraveling the mysterious language of math for those who might feel disconnected from it.

### A Fun-Loving Method to Mathematics

Orlin is well-versed in making math enjoyable and accessible. His previous works, such as *Mathematics with Poor Illustrations* and *Change Is the Only Constant: The Wisdom of Calculus in a Whimsical World*, have garnered acclaim for their ability to link mathematical ideas to everyday situations, often sprinkled with humor. Whether he’s exploring the correlation coefficient through the lens of Harry Potter or interrogating the Galactic Empire’s choice to construct a spherical Death Star, Orlin possesses a talent for rendering math relatable and engaging.

In *Mathematics for Literature Lovers*, Orlin adopts a slightly altered strategy. While his prior publications largely steered clear of mathematical symbols, concentrating instead on the concepts behind the math, this book is crafted to assist readers in grasping and decoding the very symbols and diagrams that frequently intimidate people away from the subject. His aim is to align the expert’s perception of math—where notation becomes instinctive—with the novice’s experience, where the symbols can appear as an unyielding barrier.

### Numbers as Nouns, Functions as Actions, and Algebra as Syntax

Orlin’s initial concept for *Mathematics for Literature Lovers* was to craft a math counterpart to Lynne Truss’ acclaimed book on punctuation, *Eats, Shoots & Leaves*. While that precise model didn’t wholly materialize, some facets of it persist. The book employs linguistic analogies to elucidate mathematical ideas: numbers are viewed as nouns, operations as actions, and algebra as syntax. This tactic enables readers to draw comparisons between the frameworks of language and mathematics, rendering the subject more familiar.

For instance, Orlin clarifies that numbers, akin to nouns, serve as the fundamental elements of mathematics. Just as nouns identify entities in the world, numbers specify quantities. This straightforward analogy aids in demystifying the abstract essence of numbers, making them feel more concrete. Likewise, operations such as addition and subtraction are first introduced as actions—verbs you execute on numbers. However, as Orlin notes, this analogy begins to falter when delving into advanced mathematics, where operations resemble prepositions or conjunctions, forming connections between numbers rather than simply acting upon them.

### The Significance of Mathematical Symbols

A central theme of *Mathematics for Literature Lovers* is the significance of mathematical notation. While many popular math texts shy away from symbols in favor of straightforward explanations, Orlin contends that mastering the reading and interpretation of these symbols is crucial for genuinely comprehending mathematics. “Math is both a collection of exquisite ideas and a language for articulating those ideas,” Orlin explains. His book strives to enable readers to become fluent in this language, granting them access to the deeper concepts that the notation signifies.

Orlin acknowledges that mathematical symbols can be intimidating, particularly for newcomers. He reflects on his early experiences as an educator, when he would feel vexed by students who could manipulate symbols without grasping the core concepts. With time, he developed an appreciation for the utility of these procedures. “Mathematical notation was specifically designed for manipulating it effortlessly,” he states. “If you’ve had the appropriate experiences, that’s incredibly convenient.” However, Orlin emphasizes that mere manipulation of symbols is insufficient; students must also comprehend the concepts represented by the symbols.

### Epiphanies in Mathematics Education

Orlin’s educational philosophy rests on the belief that genuine understanding arises from moments of clarity, rather than through mechanical memorization. He recounts tales of students experiencing epiphanies regarding mathematics, often in small, unforeseen instances. For example, he shares a story of ninth graders who erupted in applause upon discovering a simple method for simplifying fractions. Although it may not have constituted a significant mathematical revelation, their enthusiasm underscored the joy of mastering even fundamental concepts.

In another illustration, Orlin discusses leading a fundamental statistics course, where students learned to analyze P-values—a crucial notion in statistics. By the conclusion of the lesson, they could think like statisticians, making informed evaluations about the probability of various hypotheses. Orlin argues that these moments of comprehension are what render mathematics thrilling and fulfilling.

### The Difficulties of Composing about Mathematics

Writing *Mathematics for Literature Lovers* posed its own unique difficulties.

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Uncover Your Distinct Method for Tackling Mathematical Challenges

**Uncover Your Mathematical Persona with Ben Orlin’s Quiz**

Mathematics, often viewed as the universal language of the universe, can sometimes be seen as unforgiving, stiff, and inflexible. Nevertheless, Ben Orlin, a math educator and author of *Math for English Majors: A Human Take on the Universal Language*, disputes this belief by emphasizing the human aspect of math. On his blog, *Math With Drawings*, Orlin delves into the eccentric, amusing, and profoundly personal ways individuals interact with mathematics. To commemorate the launch of his latest book, Orlin has crafted an enjoyable and enlightening quiz to assist you in identifying your distinct mathematical persona.

Mathematics, akin to any language, comes with its own dialects, accents, and idiomatic expressions. Whether you are a math aficionado, a professional mathematician, or simply inquisitive, this quiz provides a playful avenue to contemplate your relationship with the topic. So, what is your mathematical persona? Let’s jump in and discover!

### 1. What do you call the square root of two?

– (a) √2
– (b) 21/2
– (c) “The positive solution to x² = 2”
– (d) I like to joke and call it “1.4 exactly” or “the diagonal that shall not be named.”

### 2. If you notice someone writing “0.33333,” how do you interpret this?

– (a) They must have meant 1/3.
– (b) They must have meant 33,333/100,000.
– (c) Appears to be a fifth-iteration entry in a generalized Cantor set. I need more context to specify.
– (d) It’s a cryptic message to my robot mind. To break free from the time loop, we need to execute Commander Riker’s strategy and relax the primary shuttle bay.

### 3. Quick, mention the first number that comes to mind.

– (a) Seven.
– (b) 3+4i.
– (c) Oops, I ended up sampling uniformly from the unit interval and obtained something non-computable. I can’t express it in a limited time. Apologies.
– (d) Legendre’s Constant (which is my way of saying “one”).

### 4. What type of geometry do you prefer?

– (a) Euclidean.
– (b) Non-Euclidean.
– (c) Does “algebraic geometry” count?
– (d) I presume you’re asking, “If you had the chance to reside on a massive piece of pasta, which shape would you choose?” Well, to make a long story short: cascatelli.

### 5. If given two variables, what names would you give them?

– (a) x and y
– (b) x₁ and x₂
– (c) xᵢ and xⱼ
– (d) “Hootie” and “the Blowfish”

### 6. What’s your opinion on Pi Day?

– (a) Positive. I enjoy math, and pie is delicious.
– (b) Strongly against. The US date format is inferior, 3.14 is a less accurate representation compared to 22/7, and memorizing digits is… wait, where are you headed?
– (c) Sorry, I’m unfamiliar with that notation… π da­y, as in the differential of ay?
– (d) Here’s my criticism: Since every conceivable date and time can be found in the decimal extension of π, why is Pi Day celebrated only once a year? Why aren’t we indulging in pie every moment of our existence, and specifically, *right now*?

### 7. What base do you prefer for a number system?

– (a) Base 10, I suppose.
– (b) Base 12. Base 10 is a testament to human folly and should be discarded tomorrow.
– (c) I prefer integer bases, but it’s not a strong inclination.
– (d) Unary, also known as base one, also known as tally marks. It’s visually appealing and it would alleviate AI doomsayers (it’s quite slow to train a neural network when storing all weights as tally marks).

### 8. What is your favorite type of mathematical puzzle?

– (a) Sudoku.
– (b) Solving quartic equations by hand.
– (c) I’d say NP-Hard. Or, did you mean a class of genuine isomorphs?
– (d) Nice attempt, but I’m not about to nerd-snipe myself.

### 9. What are your thoughts on writing a radical in a denominator, such as 1 / √2?

– (a) Fine.
– (b) Deep

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