You may regard lung cancer as a “smoker’s disease,” but recent studies imply that this is far from the truth. In fact, multiple elements have been linked to genetic alterations that can lead to lung cancer in individuals who have minimal to no smoking background, with air pollution emerging as a significant factor.
The research team behind the latest findings published in the journal Nature examined lung tumors in 871 lifelong non-smokers from 28 different areas characterized by varied degrees of air pollution in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. They employed whole genome sequencing to reveal patterns of DNA mutations, referred to as mutational signatures. These signatures function as molecular fingerprints revealing previous exposures to substances like chemicals and pollution.
By aligning the genomic data with comprehensive pollution statistics obtained from satellites and ground monitors, researchers uncovered an intriguing correlation: non-smokers who faced higher levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exhibited considerably more genetic mutations in their lung tumors.
These mutations were not arbitrary; the investigation revealed a significant rise in driver mutations that are directly involved in promoting cancer growth. Naturally, there isn’t a definitive cancer signature linked specifically to pollution in general. This is why it was crucial to validate the data from pollution tracking alongside the mutation occurrence.
Unexpectedly, some of these signatures closely resembled those typically found in smokers. One specific mutation pattern was observed nearly four times more frequently in individuals living in heavily polluted areas. Additionally, another signature, often connected with aging, showed an increase of almost 76%.
These discoveries indicate that prolonged exposure to polluted air may inflict damage akin to that caused by smoking or natural aging at the cellular level. While we have always been aware that air pollution increases our risk, with a significant number of Americans exposed to it, recognizing these risk factors is vital for ensuring a long and healthy life for everyone.
