# In Spite of AI Progress, Almost Two-Thirds of Embedded Code is Still Created Manually
By Amanda Kavanagh
In an era where artificial intelligence (AI) is swiftly evolving various sectors, one could imagine that embedded software development would now be entirely automated. Nevertheless, recent findings indicate that 63% of embedded software is still produced manually, even with notable advancements in AI and automation solutions.
This figure is derived from a report published by Forrester and the Qt Group, which underscores the persistent hurdles faced by embedded software teams. Even organizations boasting mature platform engineering approaches continue to depend significantly on manual coding. This prompts the inquiry: why does manual coding remain so dominant in embedded systems during this automation era?
## The Intricacies of Embedded Systems
Embedded software is distinctive as it governs and manages specific hardware devices. These systems are limited by the hardware’s capacities, including processing power, memory, and input/output functionalities. Each hardware component comes with its own requirements, making the implementation of a universal solution challenging.
While embedded software appears in common household items like smart refrigerators and app-controlled thermostats, it also plays a crucial role in high-risk environments such as healthcare and industrial settings. In these scenarios, the software must respond to environmental fluctuations within a predetermined timeframe, rendering reliability and accuracy vital.
For instance, in life-support apparatus or anti-lock braking systems, the embedded software must operate seamlessly, as any delay could lead to crucial consequences. Moreover, the stringent regulations in fields like healthcare and automotive further complicate the development process, as the software must adhere to specific safety and compliance mandates.
## The Continuation of Manual Coding
Despite AI’s potential to automate coding tasks, the specific requirements of embedded systems necessitate manual coding. Automating code generation and deployment in such critical environments may introduce unacceptable risks. Although AI tools can aid in areas like testing and optimization, they cannot substitute the need for highly skilled, manually crafted code.
Juhapekka Niemi, Senior Vice President of Product Management at Qt Group, highlights the necessity of adaptability in platform design. “Platforms must be crafted to accommodate change, integrate with advancing technology, and operate across diverse hardware and software platforms,” he comments. “Utilizing a flexible, scalable, and quality-assured framework is essential—alongside deploying optimized cross-platform components that are straightforward to implement.”
## Frequent Hurdles in Embedded Development
The report also brings to light several challenges that embedded teams encounter. Approximately 50% of teams find it difficult to maintain productivity while adhering to strict quality and safety standards. Furthermore, 34% of product teams report cultural resistance to change as a significant barrier, while 49% struggle with incorporating legacy platforms into contemporary development processes.
Maurice Kalinowski, Product Director at Qt Group, emphasizes that embedded engineers must grasp the end-user experience for the machines they develop, whereas web developers, who are more usability-focused, often face considerable learning curves when entering the embedded domain. This underscores the urgent need for standardized guidelines.
## The Importance of Partnerships and APIs
With the increasing complexity of embedded systems, partnerships and third-party integrations are becoming more vital. The report indicates that 52% of organizations prioritize compatibility with existing tools, while 35% pursue comprehensive, end-to-end solutions.
However, incorporating third-party APIs introduces its own challenges. “Different APIs have distinct agreements and latency periods, exposing systems to heightened security risks and regulatory issues,” states Miao Luo, Director of Technology Strategy at Qt Group. “The most effective way for platform teams to mitigate this risk is by carefully tracking technical debt and reducing the number of third-party components utilized.”
## Shortage of Talent in Embedded Development
Another critical challenge is the persistent talent scarcity in the embedded software sector. The report highlights that 50% of embedded teams find it difficult to enhance their platform engineering strategy due to a deficiency of skilled personnel. This opens a lucrative avenue for software developers aiming to transition into the embedded industry.
Companies are providing attractive salaries, benefits, and opportunities for career advancement to lure talent. For individuals interested in moving into this field, gaining experience with microcontrollers, real-time systems, and IoT devices is essential. Acquiring certifications and honing specialized skills can also enhance candidates’ appeal to potential employers.
## Conclusion
While AI and automation have advanced significantly across various domains of software development, the distinct requirements of embedded systems ensure that manual coding remains an integral element. The intricacies of hardware constraints, regulatory standards, and the necessity for real-time responsiveness complicate the prospect of fully automating the development process.
There, however, lies a chance for growth and innovation within this domain. By concentrating on adaptable, scalable platforms and cultivating robust partnerships, embedded teams can continue to explore new possibilities, even amid ongoing challenges.
For developers looking to break into this area, the demand for skilled experts is substantial, and the rewards are considerable. With the right expertise and experience, a
