# New Study Claims the ISS May Have Insufficient Germs
The International Space Station (ISS) stands as one of the most rigorously maintained environments throughout human history. Created to support astronauts amidst the tough conditions of space, the ISS undergoes regular sterilization to avert contamination. However, a recent study indicates that this level of cleanliness might be detrimental to astronaut health.
## Limited Microbial Diversity in Space
A new study published in *Cell* has revealed that the ISS hosts vastly fewer microbes compared to typical human environments on Earth. Researchers sampled 803 surfaces within the ISS—100 times more than prior studies—and examined the bacteria present. The findings highlighted that the bulk of the microbes aboard the ISS were derived from human skin, whereas beneficial bacteria typically found in natural settings were nearly nonexistent.
On Earth, humans are continually exposed to a diverse array of microbes from soil, water, and air. These microorganisms are vital for maintaining a balanced immune system. Nonetheless, the ISS’s highly regulated setting lacks this microbial variety, which may be compromising astronaut immune systems over time.
## Effects on Astronaut Health
Astronauts residing on the ISS frequently report experiencing skin rashes, inflammation, and immune disorders. The study posits that the lack of diverse environmental microbes could be a factor contributing to these health concerns. Without interaction with a range of bacteria, the effectiveness of astronauts’ immune systems in combating infections and regulating inflammation might diminish.
Interestingly, researchers discovered that various zones of the ISS hosted unique microbial communities. For instance, dining areas harbored food-related germs, while the toilet area contained bacteria linked to waste. However, the overall microbial profile of the ISS resembled that of hospitals or urban apartments—settings that also lack the necessary microbial diversity for optimal immune health.
## Is a Greater Variety of Germs the Answer?
The study prompts a fascinating consideration: rather than excessively sanitizing space habitats, introducing natural microbes could potentially enhance astronaut health. On Earth, exposure to soil and plant microbes has been associated with stronger immune function. Similarly, integrating beneficial bacteria into space habitats might assist astronauts in maintaining a healthier microbiome.
As humanity gears up for long-term space missions, including prospects for colonizing the Moon and Mars, prioritizing astronaut health will be critical. This research implies that the pathway to improved health in space might not be a reduction in germs, but rather the appropriate balance of microbes.
## Rethinking Sterilization in Space
Traditionally, space agencies have prioritized the removal of microbes to avoid contamination. However, this study implies that a more balanced strategy may be essential. Future missions may need to integrate controlled microbial exposure to guarantee astronauts sustain a healthy immune system.
With ongoing investigations into the impacts of space travel on human health, scientists are gradually recognizing that a completely sterile environment may not be optimal. Instead, cultivating a microbiome that reflects Earth’s natural microbial diversity could be pivotal for ensuring astronauts remain healthy on extended missions.
As we advance in our exploration of space, it is becoming evident that microbes—often regarded as a menace—might actually be crucial for human survival beyond our planet.
